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A leveling apparatus for optically detecting a height difference relative to a leveling staff includes an objective, a two-dimensional detector, a mount for rotating both the objective and the detector about a fixed vertical axis of the apparatus, and a processor. The detector is arranged such that

A leveling apparatus for optically detecting a height difference relative to a leveling staff includes an objective, a two-dimensional detector, a mount for rotating both the objective and the detector about a fixed vertical axis of the apparatus, and a processor. The detector is arranged such that its rows are inclined to an image of a vertical axis of the object by an acute angle. A method of detecting a height difference of an apparatus relative to a leveling staff includes imaging the leveling staff onto an array of detectors such that the image of a vertical axis of the staff is inclined to detector rows at an acute angle.

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1. A leveling instrument comprising: an objective lens having an optical axis, an object plane intersecting the optical axis, and an image plane intersecting the optical axis, wherein the objective lens is configured to image an object disposed in the object plane into the image plane;an image recei

1. A leveling instrument comprising: an objective lens having an optical axis, an object plane intersecting the optical axis, and an image plane intersecting the optical axis, wherein the objective lens is configured to image an object disposed in the object plane into the image plane;an image receiving unit comprising at least six rows of at least eight light detectors each, the at least six rows of at least eight light detectors being arranged to form a two-dimensional detector array, the light detectors being adapted for outputting signals representing an amount of light being incident on the light detectors, wherein the image receiving unit is arranged in the image plane;a mount for moving the objective lens about a vertical axis of the mount; andat least one processor adapted to determine a vertical position of the object using weighting coefficients to calculate weighted values from the signals outputted from selected ones of the light detectors, where the weighting coefficients for each of the selected ones of the light detectors depend on a lateral distance of each corresponding light detector from a diagonal of the two-dimensional detector array,wherein the two-dimensional detector array is arranged at an acute angle with respect to an image of a vertical axis of the object when the optical axis is arranged perpendicular to the vertical axis of the mount, said image of the vertical axis of the object being generated by the objective lens, the vertical axis of the object being parallel to the vertical axis of the mount. 2. The leveling instrument according to claim 1, wherein the mount includes a swiveling arrangement for swiveling the objective lens and the image receiving unit about the vertical axis of the mount. 3. The leveling instrument according to claim 1, wherein the acute angle is at least one of more than 10° and less than 80° or more than 32° and less than 58°. 4. The leveling instrument according to claim 3, wherein the acute angle is more than 40° and less than 50°. 5. The leveling instrument according to claim 4, wherein a number of the rows of detectors equals a number of the light detectors in each row. 6. The leveling instrument according to claim 1, wherein a number of the rows is less than a number of the light detectors in a longest one of the rows. 7. The leveling instrument according to claim 1, further comprising at least one processor adapted to calculate weighted average signals from the output signals of the light detectors of adjacent ones of the rows. 8. The leveling instrument according to claim 7, further comprising a memory for storing output data of the at least one processor. 9. The leveling instrument according to claim 7, further comprising a display for displaying output data provided by the at least one processor. 10. The leveling instrument according to claim 1, further comprising an actuator for moving the objective lens and the image receiving unit around the vertical axis of the mount. 11. The leveling instrument according to claim 1, further comprising a tilt sensor for detecting an angle of the optical axis with respect to a plane perpendicular to the vertical axis of the mount. 12. The leveling instrument according to claim 1, further comprising at least one reflector arranged between the objective lens and the light detectors. 13. The leveling instrument according to claim 1, wherein the objective lens provides a fixed magnification. 14. The leveling instrument according to claim 1, wherein the objective lens is part of a telescope. 15. Use of the leveling instrument according to claim 1 in a geodetic measurement process in which the device is initially leveled. 16. The use according to claim 15, wherein at least one processor is used for providing data as an input for an image recognition step forming part of the geodetic measurement process. 17. The use according to claim 16, wherein the object is a bar code of a machine-readable scale of a leveling staff. 18. A method of detecting a vertical position of an object, the method comprising: moving an objective lens and a detector array comprising at least six rows of at least eight light detectors each about a first vertical axis so as to be oriented towards the object;imaging the object with the objective lens onto the detector array, such that an image of a second vertical axis of the object forms an acute angle with respect to a direction of extension of the detector array when the first vertical axis and the second vertical axis of the object are oriented in parallel;generating data corresponding to intensities of light incident on the light detectors; andcalculating weighted sums of data corresponding to intensities of light incident on selected ones of the light detectors, where for each of the selected ones of the light detectors, the weighted sums are calculated using weighting coefficients that depend on a lateral distance of each corresponding light detector from a diagonal of the detector array. 19. The method according to claim 18, further comprising displaying an array of image elements representing the weighted sums of data. 20. The method according to claim 18, further comprising subjecting the weighted sums of data to image recognition. 21. The method according to claim 18, wherein the acute angle is more than 10° and less than 80°. 22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the acute angle is more than 30° and less than 60°. 23. The method according to claim 22, wherein the acute angle is more than 40° and less than 50°. 24. The method according to claim 18, comprising adjusting the objective lens such that the image of the vertical axis of the object is aligned with a diagonal of the light detector array. 25. A method of detecting a vertical position of an object, the method comprising: moving an objective lens and a detector array comprising plural rows of light detectors about a vertical axis so as to be oriented towards the object;imaging the object with the objective lens onto the detector array, such that an image of a vertical axis of the object forms an acute angle with respect to a direction of extension of the plural rows of light detectors;generating data corresponding to intensities of light incident on the light detectors;calculating weighted sums of data corresponding to intensities of light incident on selected ones of the light detectors,adjusting the objective lens such that the image of the vertical axis of the object is aligned with a diagonal of the light detector array,wherein weighting coefficients of the weighted sums of data depend on a lateral distance of the respective light detectors from the diagonal of the light detector array. 26. The method according to claim 25, wherein the weighting coefficients are smaller, the greater the lateral distance of the respective light detector from the diagonal. 27. The method according to claim 25, wherein the weighting coefficients of those detectors whose lateral distance from the diagonal is more than their lateral size are zero. 28. The method according to claim 25, wherein the weighting coefficients of those light detectors intersected by the diagonal of the detector array, are larger than the weighting coefficients of those light detectors adjacent the light detectors intersected by the diagonal of the detector array, but not themselves intersected by the diagonal of the detector array. 29. The method according to claim 25, further comprising calculating more weighted sums of data for each image than the number of light detector signals entering in the calculation.