IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
|
국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
|
출원번호 |
US-0233659
(2011-09-15)
|
등록번호 |
US-8540209
(2013-09-24)
|
발명자
/ 주소 |
- Hensel, John Peter
- Black, Nathaniel
- Thorton, Jimmy Dean
- Vipperman, Jeffrey Stuart
- Lambeth, David N.
- Clark, William W.
|
출원인 / 주소 |
- University of Pittsburgh—Of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education
|
대리인 / 주소 |
Eckert Seamans Cherin & Mellott, LLC
|
인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
1 인용 특허 :
5 |
초록
▼
A flow modulation valve has a slidably translating hollow armature with at least one energizable coil wound around and fixably attached to the hollow armature. The energizable coil or coils are influenced by at least one permanent magnet surrounding the hollow armature and supported by an outer casi
A flow modulation valve has a slidably translating hollow armature with at least one energizable coil wound around and fixably attached to the hollow armature. The energizable coil or coils are influenced by at least one permanent magnet surrounding the hollow armature and supported by an outer casing. Lorentz forces on the energizable coils which are translated to the hollow armature, increase or decrease the flow area to provide flow throttling action. The extent of hollow armature translation depends on the value of current supplied and the direction of translation depends on the direction of current flow. The compact nature of the flow modulation valve combined with the high forces afforded by the actuator design provide a flow modulation valve which is highly responsive to high-rate input control signals.
대표청구항
▼
1. A flow modulation valve having a valve stroke comprising: a stem support, the stem support comprised of a stem support ferromagnetic section and having a longitudinal axis, the stem support having a hollow cross-section normal to the longitudinal axis and having a first end and a second end, wher
1. A flow modulation valve having a valve stroke comprising: a stem support, the stem support comprised of a stem support ferromagnetic section and having a longitudinal axis, the stem support having a hollow cross-section normal to the longitudinal axis and having a first end and a second end, wherein the second end is displaced from the first end by the longitudinal dimension of the stem support, and wherein the first end comprises a flow inlet;a valve seat positioned proximate to the second end of the stem support;a valve stem slidably disposed on and radially surrounding the stem support, the valve stem having a hollow cross-section normal to the longitudinal axis and the valve stem having a sliding range of motion along or parallel to the longitudinal axis at least equal to the valve stroke and sufficient to establish contact between a valve face at one end of the valve stem and the valve seat;one or more energizable coils wound around the valve stem and fixably attached to the valve stem at the stem support ferromagnetic section, the one or more energizable coils wound such that a path of current flow through the one or more energizable coils exists in a substantially normal direction to the longitudinal axis of the stem support, wherein an individual coil within the one or more energizable coils is located longitudinally on the valve stem such that the individual coil is longitudinally displaced from an immediately neighboring coil, if any, by a longitudinal distance no less than the valve stroke, and wherein the individual coil is wound oppositely from the immediately neighboring coil, if any;at least one permanent magnet arranged such that the magnetic moment of an individual permanent magnet in the at least one permanent magnet is parallel to but reversed from an immediately neighboring permanent magnet, if any, wherein the individual permanent magnet is positioned such that a vector extending from the individual permanent magnet and parallel to and having the same direction as the magnetic moment of the individual permanent magnet intersects the individual energizable coil at a direction normal to the direction of current flow over a translational distance of the valve stem at least equal to the valve stroke;a magnetic circuit air gap between the at least one permanent magnet and the stem support ferromagnetic section, the magnetic circuit air gap containing the one or more energizable coils, such that a magnetic flux from the individual permanent magnet produces a Lorentz force on the individual energizable coil when a current flows through the individual energizable coil; anda valve body having a flow outlet and supporting the valve seat such that the valve seat lies longitudinally between the flow inlet and the flow outlet, the valve body further supporting the stem support, and the valve body having a valve body ferromagnetic section further supporting the at least one permanent magnet, the at least one permanent magnet supported by the valve body ferromagnetic section such that the at least one permanent magnet separates the valve body ferromagnetic section and the magnetic circuit air gap. 2. The flow modulation valve of claim 1 wherein the at least one permanent magnet surrounds the valve stem, and wherein the valve body ferromagnetic section surrounds the at least one permanent magnet. 3. The flow modulation valve of claim 2 wherein the magnetic circuit air gap provides a uniform separation between the at least one permanent magnet and the stem support ferromagnetic section and wherein the uniform separation is determined over a distance perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. 4. The flow modulation valve of claim 3 wherein the stem support cross-section normal to the longitudinal axis is substantially constant along the length of the longitudinal axis, wherein the valve stem cross-section normal to the longitudinal axis is substantially constant along the length of the longitudinal axis, and wherein the stem support cross-section normal to the longitudinal axis and the valve stem cross-section normal to the longitudinal axis are mathematically symmetric around the longitudinal axis with at least two lines of symmetry. 5. The flow modulation valve of claim 4 wherein the stem support cross-section normal to the longitudinal axis and the valve stem cross-section normal to the longitudinal axis are annular and wherein the at least one permanent magnet is an annular magnet having radial polarity. 6. The flow modulation valve of claim 4 wherein the valve seat has a valve seat cross-section normal to the longitudinal axis and the valve face has a valve face cross-section normal to the longitudinal axis and wherein the valve seat cross-section normal to the longitudinal axis is substantially equivalent to the valve face cross-section normal to the longitudinal axis. 7. The flow modulation valve of claim 6 wherein the valve body is comprised of a valve plug and wherein the valve seat is located on the valve plug. 8. The flow modulation valve of claim 7 wherein the valve plug is symmetric about a rotational plug axis coincident with the longitudinal axis and wherein the valve plug contains one or more flow passages through the valve plug and located between the valve seat and the outermost radius of the valve plug. 9. The flow modulation valve of claim 8 wherein the valve body is further comprised of a flow outlet casing comprised of the flow outlet and a middle casing, wherein the valve plug is threadably engaged to the flow outlet casing and the middle casing, and wherein the middle casing is threadably engaged to the stem support. 10. The flow modulation valve of claim 1 wherein the at least one permanent magnet is comprised of a samarium cobalt material. 11. The flow modulation valve of claim 1 wherein the valve body and the stem support are fabricated from a steel alloy, wherein the valve stem is fabricated from glass mica, and wherein the one or more energizable coils are fabricated using copper wire. 12. The flow modulation valve of claim 1 wherein the one or more energizable coils is a plurality of energizable coils and wherein the at least one permanent magnet is a plurality of permanent magnets and wherein the plurality of energizable coils equals the plurality of permanent magnets in number. 13. The flow modulation valve of claim 12 wherein a maximum effective valve travel of the flow modulation valve is greater than the valve stroke, wherein the valve body ferromagnetic section has a thickness in a dimension coincident with or parallel to a vector perpendicular to the longitudinal axis such that the plurality of permanent magnets does not drive the valve body ferromagnetic section into magnetic saturation, and wherein the stem support ferromagnetic section has a thickness in a dimension coincident with or parallel to a vector perpendicular to the longitudinal axis such that the plurality of permanent magnets does not drive the stem support ferromagnetic section into magnetic saturation. 14. The flow modulation valve of claim 1 wherein a spring mechanism supported by the valve body biases the valve stem at a predetermined position when the one or more energizable coils are de-energized. 15. The flow modulation valve of claim 14 wherein the spring mechanism comprises a single, generally flat, spring member. 16. The flow modulation valve of claim 14 wherein the spring mechanism comprises: a first spring mechanism supported by the valve body biasing the valve stem in a first longitudinal direction; anda second spring mechanism supported by the valve body biasing the valve stem in a second longitudinal direction opposite to the first longitudinal direction, such that the first spring mechanism and the second spring mechanism maintain the valve stem at a predetermined position when the one or more energizable coils are deenergized. 17. A flow modulation valve having a valve stroke comprising: a stem support, the stem support comprised of a stem support ferromagnetic section and having a longitudinal axis, the stem support having an annular cross-section normal to the longitudinal axis and having a first end and a second end, wherein the second end is displaced from the first end by the longitudinal dimension of the stem support, and wherein the first end comprises a flow inlet;a valve seat positioned proximate to the second end of the stem support;a valve stem slidably disposed on and radially surrounding the stem support, the valve stem having an annular cross-section normal to the longitudinal axis and the valve stem having a sliding range of motion along or parallel to the longitudinal axis at least equal to the valve stroke and sufficient to establish contact between a valve face at one end of the valve stem and the valve seat;one or more energizable coils wound around the valve stem and fixably attached to the valve stem, the one or more energizable coils wound such that a path of current flow through the one or more energizable coils exists in a substantially normal direction to the longitudinal axis of the stem support, wherein an individual coil within the one or more energizable coils is located longitudinally on the valve stem such that the individual coil is longitudinally displaced from an immediately neighboring coil, if any, by a longitudinal distance no less than the valve stroke, and wherein the individual coil is wound oppositely from the immediately neighboring coil, if any;at least one permanent magnet having an annular cross-section and radial polarity, the at least one permanent magnet surrounding the valve stem and arranged such that the magnetic moment of an individual permanent magnet in the at least one permanent magnet is parallel to but reversed from an immediately neighboring permanent magnet, if any, wherein the individual permanent magnet is positioned such that a vector extending from the individual permanent magnet and parallel to and having the same direction as the magnetic moment of the individual permanent magnet intersects the individual energizable coil at a direction normal to the direction of current flow over a translational distance of the valve stem at least equal to the valve stroke;a magnetic circuit air gap between the at least one permanent magnet and the stem support ferromagnetic section, the magnetic circuit air gap containing the one or more energizable coils, such that a magnetic flux from the individual permanent magnet produces a Lorentz force on the individual energizable coil when a current flows through the individual energizable coil, and the magnetic circuit air gap providing a uniform separation between the at least one permanent magnet and the stem support ferromagnetic section, wherein the uniform separation is determined over a distance perpendicular to the longitudinal axis;a spring mechanism biasing the valve stem at a predetermined position when the one or more energizable coils are deenergized; anda valve body having a flow outlet and supporting the valve seat such that the valve seat lies longitudinally between the flow inlet and the flow outlet, the valve body further supporting the stem support and the spring mechanism, and the valve body having a second ferromagnetic section further supporting the at least one permanent magnet, the at least one permanent magnet supported by the second ferromagnetic section such that the at least one permanent magnet separates the second ferromagnetic section and the magnetic circuit air gap. 18. The flow modulation valve of claim 17 wherein the one or more energizable coils is a plurality of energizable coils and wherein the at least one permanent magnet is a plurality of permanent magnets, and the plurality of energizable coils equals the plurality of permanent magnets in number. 19. The flow modulation valve of claim 18 wherein a maximum effective valve travel of the flow modulation valve is greater than the valve stroke, wherein the valve body ferromagnetic section has a thickness in a dimension coincident with or parallel to a vector perpendicular to the longitudinal axis such that the plurality of permanent magnets does not drive the valve body ferromagnetic section into magnetic saturation, and wherein the stem support ferromagnetic section has a thickness in a dimension coincident with or parallel to a vector perpendicular to the longitudinal axis such that the plurality of permanent magnets does not drive the stem support ferromagnetic section into magnetic saturation. 20. The flow modulation valve of claim 19 wherein the plurality of permanent magnets are comprised of individual permanent magnets of a samarium cobalt material, wherein the valve body and the stem support are fabricated from a steel alloy, wherein the valve stem is fabricated from glass mica, and wherein the one or more energizable coils are fabricated using copper wire. 21. The flow modulation valve of claim 19 wherein the valve body is comprised of a valve plug and the valve seat is located on the valve plug, wherein the valve seat has a valve seat cross-section normal to the longitudinal axis and the valve face has a valve face cross-section normal to the longitudinal axis, wherein the valve seat cross-section normal to the longitudinal axis is substantially equivalent to the valve face cross-section normal to the longitudinal axis, and wherein the valve plug is symmetric about a rotational plug axis coincident with the longitudinal axis. 22. The flow modulation valve of claim 21 wherein the valve body is further comprised of a flow outlet casing comprised of the flow outlet and a middle casing, wherein the valve plug is threadably engaged to the flow outlet casing and the middle casing, and wherein the middle casing is threadably engaged to the stem support.
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