초록 ▼

The web of the invention can comprise a super absorbent layer that can act as an moisture sensitive fuel shut-off valve, absorbent, adsorbant or reactant. The web of the invention can comprise a super absorbent fabric or layer made of a superabsorbent particle or fiber. Fluid, gas or liquid, that fl

The web of the invention can comprise a super absorbent layer that can act as an moisture sensitive fuel shut-off valve, absorbent, adsorbant or reactant. The web of the invention can comprise a super absorbent fabric or layer made of a superabsorbent particle or fiber. Fluid, gas or liquid, that flows through or by the assemblies of the invention can have any gas, liquid or solid material dispersed or dissolved in the fluid interact with the super absorbent particulate. The structures of the invention can act simply as flow-by reactive, absorptive, or adsorptive layers with no filtration properties, or the structures of the invention can be assembled into filters.

대표청구항 ▼

1. A filter element comprising a filter media, the media comprising a first and second opposite flow faces and a plurality of flutes, the media comprising; (i) each of said flutes having a first open end portion adjacent to said first flow face and a second open end portion adjacent to said second f

1. A filter element comprising a filter media, the media comprising a first and second opposite flow faces and a plurality of flutes, the media comprising; (i) each of said flutes having a first open end portion adjacent to said first flow face and a second open end portion adjacent to said second flow face;(ii) said media comprising a non-woven filter substrate and formed on the substrate a substantially continuous nanofiber layer having a fiber diameter of about 0.001 to 0.5 micron and a super absorbent wherein the super absorbent comprises 0.1 to 50 vol % of the layer, the layer having a thickness of about 0.0001 to 1 cm and the super absorbent comprises about 0.001 to 10 kg per square meter of the layer; wherein selected ones of said flutes being open at said first end portion and closed at said second end portion; and selected ones of said flutes being closed at said first end portion and open at said second end portion provides a fluid path through the fluted layer. 2. The element of claim 1, wherein the super absorbent comprises a particle dispersed in the nanofiber layer, the media having a thickness of 0.5 to 500 microns; wherein the element comprises a flow-by or flow through path such that a fluid can flow in a path parallel to the substrate. 3. The element of claim 1, wherein the element comprises about 5 to 95 wt % nanofiber and about 95 to 5 wt % super absorbent fiber. 4. The element of claim 2, wherein the element comprises about 30 to 75 wt % fiber and about 70 to 25 wt % super absorbent particle. 5. The element of claim 2, wherein the super absorbent particle has a major dimension of about 0.1 to 500 microns. 6. The element of claim 1, wherein the element has a Frazier permeability of about 1 to about 50 meters-minutes−1 and an efficiency of about 40 to about 99.9999% under ASTM 1215-89 using monodispersed 0.78 micron polystyrene latex particulate at 6.1 m-min−1 or 20 ft-min−1. 7. The element of claim 2, wherein the element comprises one or more nanofiber webs having a thickness of at least about 0.5 micron, at least one layer comprises super absorbent particle or fabric and at least one other layer comprises an active particle. 8. The element of claim 2, wherein the particle is an absorbent. 9. The element of claim 2, wherein the particle is a combination of an absorbent and an adsorbent particulate. 10. The element of claim 2, wherein the particle is a combination of an absorbant and a reactive particulate. 11. The element of claim 2, wherein the web has a gradient in the distribution of the super absorbent particle or fiber. 12. The element of claim 1, wherein the web has a gradient in the distribution of the fiber. 13. A filter element comprising a filtration substrate comprising a substantially continuous nanofiber layer having a fiber with a diameter of about 0.001 to 0.5 micron, the layer having a thickness of about 0.1 to 100 microns and a pore size of about 0.01 to 10 microns, the substrate comprising a super absorbent particle or fiber, the super absorbent particulate or fiber comprising about 0.1 to 50 vol % of the web, the super absorbent fiber or particulate comprising about 0.001 to 10 kg per square meter of the membrane. 14. The element of claim 13, wherein the element comprises a flow-by direction such that the fluid can flow in a path parallel to the membrane with no substantial filtration path through the membrane. 15. The element of claim 13, wherein the element comprises a flow-through direction such that the fluid can flow in a path across the membrane with a substantial filtration path through the membrane. 16. The element of claim 13, wherein the element comprises about 5 to 95 wt % nanofiber layer mass and about 95 to 5 wt % super absorbent fiber or particle, based on the element, and the element comprising 1 to 100 g-m−2 of particle. 17. The element of claim 13, wherein the element comprises about 30 to 75 wt % of nanofiber layer mass and about 70 to 25 wt % super absorbent fiber or particle based on the element, and the element comprising 1 to 1000 g-m−2 of particle. 18. The element of claim 13, wherein the super absorbent particle has a major dimension of less than 500 microns. 19. The element of claim 13, wherein the super absorbent particle is combined with an absorbent particle, and adsorbent particle, a reactive particle or mixtures thereof. 20. The element of claim 13, wherein the particle has a major dimension of about 5 to 200 microns. 21. The element of claim 13, wherein the element comprises two or more layers, one layer comprising the web and a second layer, the second layer being substantially free of particle superabsorbent. 22. The element of claim 21, wherein the second layer comprises a filter substrate. 23. A web comprising a layered composite, the layered composite comprising: (a) a non-woven filter layer;(b) a substantially continuous nanofiber layer, the nanofiber having a fiber diameter of about 0.01 to 0.5 micron;(c) a superabsorbent wherein the superabsorbent comprises a layer having a thickness of greater than 100 microns;(d) a substantially continuous nanofiber layer, the nanofiber having a fiber diameter of about 0.01 to 5 micron; and(e) a non-woven filter layer. 24. The web of claim 23 wherein at least one of the non-woven filter layers comprise a layer comprising a bicomponent fiber having a basis weight of about 10 to 100 g-m−2 and a thickness of about 2 to 50 microns. 25. The web of claim 23 wherein the nanofiber layer comprises an efficiency of greater than about 95% with a 0.3 micron test particle at 10.5 ft-min−1.