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A reaction unit containing a bottom part and a top part for pipetting a liquid, wherein the bottom part contains a reaction cavity with a permeable filter grid insert and the top part contains a reaction cavity which can be fixed on said bottom part and contains a cavity or covering for receiving a

A reaction unit containing a bottom part and a top part for pipetting a liquid, wherein the bottom part contains a reaction cavity with a permeable filter grid insert and the top part contains a reaction cavity which can be fixed on said bottom part and contains a cavity or covering for receiving a magnet.

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1. A reaction unit for a machine which separates nucleic acids, comprising: a bottom part which inserts into an insertion position of the machine; anda removable top part which is combined with a bottom part;whereinthe bottom part comprises:an end for insertion into the machine; andan end which comb

1. A reaction unit for a machine which separates nucleic acids, comprising: a bottom part which inserts into an insertion position of the machine; anda removable top part which is combined with a bottom part;whereinthe bottom part comprises:an end for insertion into the machine; andan end which combines with the top part;whereinthe insertion end has an opening at the insertion position for the passage of liquids to and from the machine; anda reaction cavity having a permeable filter grid insert at the end which combines with the top part, andwhereinthe top part comprises:a reaction cavity which combines with a bottom part; and a space or covering for receiving a magnet; and a magnet insertable into the reaction cavity to effect movement of magnetic particles. 2. The reaction unit according to claim 1, wherein the the top part further comprises a filter for protecting against aerosols. 3. The reaction unit according to claim 1, further comprising a support material for binding biomolecules on the permeable filter grid of the bottom part. 4. The reaction unit according to claim 3 , wherein the support material is a fiberglass web, a membrane or a chromatographic filter material. 5. The reaction unit according to claim 3, wherein the support material is fixed on the permeable filter grid by combination of the top part onto the bottom part. 6. The reaction unit according to claim 1 wherein the bottom part is a pipette tip. 7. A nucleic acid extraction machine, comprising at least one reaction unit according to claim 1. 8. The extraction machine according to claim 7, which further comprises a bench top device containing a kinematic unit with four degrees of freedom that moves the magnet, a dosing head, a manually-loadable tray, and (i) a suction device or (ii) a compressed air device. 9. The extraction machine according to claim 8, wherein the (i) suction device or (ii) compressed air device is coupled to a dispensing head which is exactly adjusted to the reaction unit. 10. The extraction machine according to claim 8, wherein the compressed air device comprises a heat source. 11. The extraction machine according to claim 8, wherein the kinematic unit for vertical movement of the magnet is located in the dispensing head. 12. The extraction machine according to claim 8, which comprises an interface for communication with a computer for controlling the nucleic acid separation process. 13. A method for the isolation and purification of a nucleic acid from a complex starting material in the reaction unit according to claim 1, comprising: lysis of the starting material,binding of the nucleic acid to magnetic particles, to obtain a bound nucleic acid and, optionally, filtration of undissolved components,washing and drying of the bound nucleic acid, andelution of the bound nucleic acid, to obtain said nucleic acid. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein, before lysis of the starting material, a reaction vessel is filled with a buffer from a reservoir vessel using said reaction unit. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the filling of the reaction vessel takes place starting with a solution with the smallest concentration of salt. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the filling of the reaction vessel is carried out in the order of: first: elution agent, second: washing buffer and third: lysis buffer. 17. The method according to claim 13, wherein the lysis of the sample is carried out by repeated, continuous pipetting in and out of a lysis additive using the reaction unit. 18. The method according to claim 13, wherein after lysis, uptake of the binding buffer and magnetic particle takes place by using the reaction unit, followed by transfer of the binding buffer and the magnetic particles into a lysis additive. 19. The method according to claim 13, wherein a lysis binding buffer additive and the magnetic particles are mixed using the reaction unit by pipetting in and out. 20. The method according to claim 13, wherein the binding of the nucleic acid to the magnetic particles and subsequent filtration of undissolved components as well as magnetic separation comprise: absorbing a sample from the bottom part of the reaction unit, over the filter grid, into the top part of the reaction unit,moving a magnet out of a dispensing head into the covering or cavity of the top part of the reaction unit,returning said sample liquid, without nucleic acids bound to the magnetic particles, into a starting vessel. 21. The method according to claim 13, wherein the washing of the nucleic acid bound to the magnetic particles comprises: transferring of a dispensation unit with the reaction unit to a next row of reaction vessels containing a washing buffer,subsequently, immersing the reaction unit into a reaction vessel containing said washing buffer and absorbing of the washing buffer up into the top part of the reaction unit,removing the magnet, andat least two repetitions of the washing and magnet removal. 22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the transferring of the dispensation unit takes place either by incremental movement of the dispensing head or by the incremental movement of a reaction vessel. 23. The method according to claim 13, wherein the drying of the nucleic acid bound to the magnetic particles comprises: transferring of the reaction unit to an empty reaction vessel,applying compressed air which is optionally heated, andflowing of the compressed air over the magnetic particles fixed magnetically to the covering or cavity. 24. The method according to claim 13, wherein the elution of the bound nucleic acid comprises: transferring of the dispensing unit with reaction unit to the next row of reaction vessels containing an elution buffer, or transfer of the next row of reaction vessels to an immobile dispensing head,immersing of the reaction unit into the reaction vessel with said elution buffer, and absorbing of the elution buffer into the upper part of the reaction unit,deploying of the magnet,alternately, absorbing and ejecting of the elution buffer, andrepeating the absorbtion and ejection of the elution buffer. 25. A method for the selective simultaneous isolation of genomic DNA from cellular RNA from a complex starting material in the reaction unit according to claim 1, comprising: lysis of the starting material,isolation of the genomic DNA, andisolation of the RNA. 26. The method according to claim 25, wherein the lysis of the starting material is carried out by repeated, continuing pipetting in and out of a lysis additive using the reaction unit, wherein a glass thread web or a membrane or a chromatographic filter material is located on the filter grid insert. 27. The method according to claim 25, wherein the isolation of the genomic DNA comprises: binding of the genomic DNA to the filter grid insert of the reaction unit through multiple, alternating absorption and ejection of a sample from the bottom part of the reaction unit over the filter grid insert into the top part of the reaction unit,returning of the lysate with the RNA into the reaction vessel,washing of the DNA bound to the filter grid insert, transferring of the reaction unit to the next row of reaction vessels containing a washing buffers,immersing the reaction unit in a reaction vessel with said wash buffer, and passing the wash buffer from the bottom part of the reaction unit over the filter grid insert into the top part of the reaction unit by alternate absorption and ejection of the wash buffer,returning the washing buffer into the reaction vessel,drying of the filter grid insert by application of compressed air which is optionally heated while the reaction unit is located over an empty reaction vessel,eluting of the bound DNA by immersion of the reaction unit into a reaction vessel containing elution buffer and alternate absorption and ejection of the elution buffer from the bottom part of the reaction unit over the filter grid insert into the top part of the reaction unit, and transferring of the reaction unit to the next row of reaction vessels containing an elution buffer. 28. The method according to claim 25, wherein the isolation of the RNA comprises: setting optimal binding conditions for RNA,adding an alcoholic binding buffer and magnetic particles into a remaining lysis additive,pipetting a lysis buffer / binding buffer additive using the reaction unit in and out, to mix the lysis buffer / binding buffer additive and the magnetic particles with the reaction unit,binding the RNA to the magnetic particles by absorption of the sample from the bottom part of the reaction unit into the top part of the reaction unit,magnetic separation of the bound RNA from the sample by movement of the magnet out of the dispensing head into the covering or cavity of the top part of the reaction unit,returning of the sample, without the bound RNA, into a starting vessel,washing, drying and eluting of the RNA bound to the magnetic particles. 29. The methods according to claim 13 or 26, wherein after lysis, no more liquid handling is performed. 30. The reaction unit according to claim 1, wherein the permeable filter grid insert separates the reaction cavity of the lower part from the reaction cavity in the top part. 31. The reaction unit of claim 30, wherein said reaction unit contains a single top part containing a single reaction cavity and a single bottom part containing a single reaction cavity. 32. A reaction system comprising the reaction unit of claim 30, and further comprising magnetic particles, andthe magnet configured to fit within the cavity or covering of said top part of the reaction unit.