IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
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국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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출원번호 |
US-0129756
(2005-05-13)
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등록번호 |
US-8628333
(2014-01-14)
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발명자
/ 주소 |
- Prinzel, III, Lawrence J.
- Pope, Alan T.
- Palsson, Olafur S.
- Turner, Marsha J.
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출원인 / 주소 |
- The United States of America as represented by the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
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대리인 / 주소 |
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인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
6 인용 특허 :
31 |
초록
▼
The invention is an apparatus and method of biofeedback training for attaining a physiological state optimally consistent with the successful performance of a task, wherein the probability of successfully completing the task is made is inversely proportional to a physiological difference value, comp
The invention is an apparatus and method of biofeedback training for attaining a physiological state optimally consistent with the successful performance of a task, wherein the probability of successfully completing the task is made is inversely proportional to a physiological difference value, computed as the absolute value of the difference between at least one physiological signal optimally consistent with the successful performance of the task and at least one corresponding measured physiological signal of a trainee performing the task. The probability of successfully completing the task is made inversely proportional to the physiological difference value by making one or more measurable physical attributes of the environment in which the task is performed, and upon which completion of the task depends, vary in inverse proportion to the physiological difference value.
대표청구항
▼
1. An apparatus for training at least one trainee engaged in the performance of a task to encourage self-regulation of a physiological state consistent with the optimal performance of said task, comprising a task environment within which said task is being performed, said environment having a surfac
1. An apparatus for training at least one trainee engaged in the performance of a task to encourage self-regulation of a physiological state consistent with the optimal performance of said task, comprising a task environment within which said task is being performed, said environment having a surface with a variable gradient and a variable stability, a target having a variable area, said target being positioned within said environment at a variable distance from said at least one trainee, and a projectile,and a task device operated by said trainee to attempt to hit said target with said projectile, said task device having variable accuracy to hit said target with said projectile, anda biofeedback device operatively connected to said at least one trainee, said biofeedback device adapted to transmit at least one measured physiological signal of said at least one trainee engaged in the performance of said task, said at least one measured physiological signal value measuring said trainee's current physiological state,a computing device configured for computing a physiological difference value for said task, said physiological difference value being computed as the absolute value of the difference between at least one preselected target value and the said at least one corresponding measured physiological signal value of said a least one trainee engaged in the performance of said task; and at least one computer-controlled mechanical system configured for altering a capture probability for completing said task, by altering at least one of said task environment, said task device said biofeedback device, said projectile, said target, and any combinations thereof, and wherein said capture probability being modified to be inversely proportional to said physiological difference value. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said biofeedback device being adapted to wirelessly transmit said physiological difference value. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said variable accuracy of said task device is inversely proportional to said physiological difference value. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said variable gradient of said surface is proportional to physiological difference value. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said variable stability of said surface is inversely proportional to said physiological difference value. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said variable area of said target is inversely proportional to said physiological difference value. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said variable distance from said at least one trainee is proportional to said physiological difference value. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said task comprising putting, said task environment comprises a putting green, said task device comprises a golf club, said projectile comprises a golf ball, said target comprises a golf hole, said variable gradient of said surface of said putting green has a value of zero, said variable stability of said surface of said putting green is invariant, said variable area of said target comprises an area corresponding to an opening of said golf hole, and variable distance comprising a distance measured from said trainee to golf hole. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said task comprising serving a tennis ball, said task environment comprises a tennis court or a portion thereof, said task device comprises a tennis racket, said projectile comprises a tennis ball, said target comprises a demarcated serve zone on said tennis court, said variable gradient of said surface of said tennis court or a portion thereof has a value of zero, said variable stability of said surface of said tennis court or a portion thereof is invariant, said variable area of said target comprises a surface area corresponding to said demarcated serve zone on said tennis court or a portion thereof, and said variable distance comprises an invariant distance measured from said trainee to said demarcated serve zone. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said task comprising goal shooting in lacrosse, said task environment comprises a lacrosse field or a portion thereof, said task device comprises a lacrosse stick, said projectile comprises a lacrosse ball, said target comprises a lacrosse goal, said variable gradient of said surface of said lacrosse field or a portion thereof has a value of zero, said variable stability of said surface of said lacrosse field or a portion thereof is invariant, said variable area of said target comprises an area corresponding to an opening of said lacrosse goal presented to said lacrosse ball, and said variable distance comprises a distance measured from said trainee to said lacrosse goal. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said task comprising goal shooting in hockey, said task environment comprises a hockey rink or a portion thereof, said task device comprises a hockey stick, said projectile comprises a hockey puck, said target comprises a hockey goal, said variable gradient of said surface of said hockey rink or a portion thereof has a value of zero, said variable stability of said surface of said hockey rink or a portion thereof is invariant, said variable area of said target comprises an area corresponding to an opening of said hockey goal presented to said hockey puck, and said variable distance comprises a distance measured from said trainee to said hockey goal. 12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said task comprising field goal kicking in football, said task environment comprises a football field or a portion thereof, said task device comprises football footwear, said projectile comprises a football, said target comprises a football goal, said variable gradient of said surface of said football field or a portion thereof has a value of zero, said variable stability of said surface of said football field or a portion thereof is invariant, said variable area of said target corresponds to an area circumscribed by a horizontal bar of said football goal from below, the posts of said football goal from the right and the left, and an imaginary horizontal line connecting the tips of said posts of said football goal from above, and, said variable distance comprises a distance measured from said trainee to said football goal. 13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said task comprising pitching a strike in baseball, said task environment comprises a baseball field or a portion thereof, said task device comprises a human hand, said projectile comprises a baseball, said target comprises a strike zone, said variable gradient of said surface of said baseball field or a portion thereof has a value of zero, said variable stability of said surface of said baseball field or a portion thereof is invariant, said variable area of said target comprises an area of said strike zone, and said variable distance comprises a distance measured from home plate to a pitcher's mound of said baseball field or a portion thereof. 14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said task comprising using a bow to hit an archery target with an arrow, said task environment comprises an archery range, said task device comprises a bow, said projectile comprises an arrow, said target comprises an archery target, said variable gradient of said surface of said archery range has a value of zero, said variable stability of said surface of said archery range is invariant, said variable area of said target comprises an area corresponding to said archery target, and said variable distance comprises a distance measured from said trainee to said archery target. 15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said task comprising hitting a target with a firearm, said task environment comprises a firearm firing range, said task device comprises a firearm, said projectile comprises a bullet, said target comprises a firearm target, said variable gradient of said surface of said firearm firing range has a value of zero, said variable stability of said surface of said firearm firing range is invariant, said variable area of said target comprises an area of said firearm target, and said variable distance comprises a distance measured from said trainee to said firearm target. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein said firearm has a variable accuracy sighting device that is made inversely proportional to said physiological difference value by means of a computer controlled mechanical apparatus adapted to decrease said variable accuracy of said sighting device as said difference value increases, said physiological difference value being received by said computer-controlled mechanical apparatus as encoded in a signal that is wirelessly transmitted to said computer-controlled mechanical apparatus by said biofeedback device. 17. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said task comprising foul shooting in basketball, said task environment comprises a basketball court or a portion thereof, said task device comprises at least one human hand, said projectile comprises a basketball, said target comprises a basketball hoop, said variable gradient of said surface of said basketball court or a portion thereof has a value of zero, said variable stability of said surface of said basketball court or a portion thereof is invariant, said variable area of said target comprises an area of a circular opening of said basketball hoop presented to said basketball, and said variable distance comprises a distance measured from said trainee to said basketball hoop. 18. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said task comprising throwing darts, said task environment comprises a lane for throwing darts, said task device comprises at least one human hand, said projectile comprises a dart, said target comprises a bullseye, said variable gradient of said surface of said lane for throwing darts has a value of zero, said variable stability of said surface of said lane for throwing darts is invariant, said variable area of said target comprises an area of said bullseye, and said variable distance comprises a distance measured from said trainee to said bullseye. 19. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein said variable accuracy of said task device is made inversely proportional to said physiological difference value by means of said computer-controlled mechanical apparatus adapted to impart a vibration to said task device, said vibration having a frequency or an amplitude or both that increase as said physiological difference value increases to impart a vibration to said task device, said physiological difference value being received by said computer-controlled mechanical apparatus as encoded in a signal that is transmitted to said computer-controlled mechanical system by said biofeedback device. 20. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein said variable gradient of said surface is made proportional to said physiological difference value by means of said computer-controlled mechanical system adapted to increase said variable gradient as said physiological difference value increases, said physiological difference value being received by said computer-controlled mechanical system as encoded in a signal that is transmitted to said computer-controlled mechanical system by said biofeedback device. 21. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein said variable stability of said surface of said task environment task is made inversely proportional to said physiological difference value by means of said computer-controlled mechanical system adapted to impart a vibration or undulation to said surface of said task environment task, said vibration or undulation having a frequency or an amplitude or both that increase as said physiological difference value increases, said physiological difference value being received by said computer-controlled mechanical system as encoded in a signal that is transmitted to said computer-controlled mechanical system by said biofeedback device. 22. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein said variable area of said target is made inversely proportional to said physiological difference value by said computer-controlled mechanical system adapted to decrease said variable area as said difference value increases, said physiological difference value being received by said computer-controlled mechanical system as encoded in a signal that is wirelessly transmitted to said computer-controlled mechanical system by said biofeedback device transmitted to said computer-controlled mechanical system by said biofeedback device. 23. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein said variable distance from said at least one trainee is made proportional to said physiological difference value by said computer-controlled mechanical system adapted to increase said variable distance as said difference value increases, said physiological difference value being received by said computer-controlled mechanical system as encoded in a signal that is transmitted to said computer-controlled mechanical system by said biofeedback device. 24. A method for encouraging self-regulation of a physiological state consistent with the optimal performance of a task, comprising the steps of: a. positioning a trainee within a task environment having a surface,b. positioning a target, having a variable area for the receipt of a projectile, within said task environment at a distance from said trainee,c. equipping said trainee with a biofeedback device that is worn by said trainee,d. equipping said trainee with a task device with which to cast said projectile at said target,e. connecting said trainee to at least one biosensing device that is an operative component of said biofeedback device worn by said trainee,f. using said biosensing device to measure said trainee's physiological state by measuring at least one physiological signal of said trainee,g. outputting said measurement of said trainee's physiological state obtained by said biosensing device as a signal encoding said at least one measured value of said physiological signal to a computing device;h. using said computing device to compare said measured value of said physiological signal output to said computing device by said biosensing device to a preprogrammed, wirelessly downloadable, or trainee-input corresponding value of a physiological signal that is optimally consistent with the successful performance of said task by said trainee;i. using said computing device to compute a physiological difference value as the absolute value of a difference between said measured value of said physiological signal and said corresponding value of a physiological signal that is optimally consistent with said successful performance of said task by said trainee;j. graphically displaying said physiological difference value to said trainee by means of a display device that is an operative component of said biofeedback devicek. using said computing device to transmit said physiological difference values as an encoded signal to at least one computer-controlled mechanical system;l. providing said task environment with a surface o operationally connected to a first computer-controlled mechanical system adapted to impart a vibration or undulation to said surface, said vibration or undulation having a frequency or an amplitude, or both that increase as said physiological difference value increases, said physiological difference value being received by said computer-controlled mechanical system as encoded in a signal that is transmitted to said computer-controlled mechanical system by said computing device;m. providing said task environment with a surface operationally connected to a second computer-controlled mechanical system adapted to vary a gradient of said surface in proportion to said physiological difference value by means of a computer-controlled mechanical system adapted to increase said gradient as said physiological difference value increases, said physiological difference value being received by said computer-controlled mechanical system as encoded in a signal that is transmitted to said computer-controlled mechanical system by said computing device;n. providing said target with a third computer-controlled mechanical system adapted to decrease said variable area as said physiological difference value increases, said physiological difference value being received by said computer-.controlled mechanical system as encoded in a signal that is transmitted to said computer-controlled mechanical system by said computing device;o. providing said task device used by said trainee to cast said projectile at said target with a fourth computer-controlled mechanical system adapted to impart a vibration or undulation to said task device, said vibration or undulation having a frequency or an amplitude, or both that increase as said physiological difference value increases, said physiological difference value being received by said computer-controlled mechanical system as encoded in a signal that is transmitted to said computer-controlled mechanical system by said computing device:p. making said distance from said trainee to said target proportional lo said physiological difference value by means of a fifth computer-controlled mechanical system adapted to increase said distance as said physiological difference value increases, said physiological difference value being received by said computer-controlled mechanical system as encoded in a signal that is transmitted to said computer-controlled mechanical system by said computing device. 25. The method of claim 24, further comprising the steps of: q. assigning a capture probability to said task; andr. modulating said at least one task element in a manner that decreases said probability as said physiological difference value increases, wherein said task element comprises at least one of said vibration to said surface, variable accuracy of said task device used to said trainee to perform said task, variable stability of said task surface, variable gradient of said task surface, said variable area of said target, said vibration of said task device, variable distance from said trainee to said target, a variable area of said task barrier, a variable speed of said movable barrier. 26. The method of claim 24, wherein said task comprises a task performed in said task environment by said at least one trainee operatively connected to said biofeedback device and using said task device having variable accuracy to hit said target with said projectile, said biofeedback device being adapted to transmit said physiological difference value, said task environment having said surface with a variable gradient and a variable stability upon which a task barrier may be disposed, said target having said variable area, and said target being positioned within said environment at a variable distance from said at least one trainee. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein said step of computing said physiological difference value occurs at a time coincident with a time of impact of said task device with said projectile. 28. The method of claim 26, wherein said step of computing said physiological difference value occurs at a time coincident with a time at which said projectile is released to said trainee for hitting said target using said task device. 29. The method of claim 25, wherein said step of modulating said at least one task element begins at a time coincident with said step of computing said physiological difference value and ends at a time coincident with the completion of said task by said trainee. 30. The method of claim 25, wherein said step of modulating said at least one task element begins at a time coincident with said step of computing said physiological difference value and ends at a time determined by said trainee or an assistant to said trainee. 31. The method of claim 25, wherein said step of modulating said at least one task element begins at a time coincident with said step of computing said physiological difference value and ends at a time determined by an algorithm. 32. The method of claim 25, wherein said step of computing said physiological difference value is preceded by a step of incrementing or decrementing said target value by a percentage of a previously assigned target value, said percentage being selectable by said trainee or an assistant to said trainee. 33. The method of claim 26, wherein said step of computing said physiological difference value is preceded by the step of incrementing or decrementing said target value by a percentage of a previously assigned target value, said percentage being selectable by an algorithm. 34. The method of claim 26, wherein said step of displaying comprises displaying and monitoring said measured value, said target value and said physiological difference value to said trainee on a display device. 35. The method of claim 25, wherein said step of modulating comprises modulating said variable accuracy of said task device used by said trainee to perform said task. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein said step of modulating said accuracy of said task device comprises imparting a vibration to said task device by an operationally connected computer-controlled mechanical system adapted to do so, said vibration having a frequency or an amplitude, or both that increases as said physiological difference value increases. 37. The method of claim 25, wherein said step of modulating comprises modulating said variable stability of said task surface. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein said step of modulating said variable stability of said surface comprising making said variable stability inversely proportional to said physiological difference value. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein said step of modulating said variable stability of said surface comprising imparting a vibration or undulation to said surface by an operationally connected computer-controlled mechanical system adapted to do so, said vibration or undulation having a frequency or an amplitude or both that increases as said physiological difference value increases. 40. The method of claim 25, wherein said step of modulating comprises modulating said variable gradient of said task surface. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein said step of modulating said variable gradient of said surface comprising making said variable gradient proportional to said physiological difference value. 42. The method of claim 40, wherein said step of modulating said variable gradient of said surface comprising modulating said variable gradient of said surface by an operationally connected computer-controlled mechanical system adapted to do so, the magnitude of said gradient being made to increase as said physiological difference value increases. 43. The method of claim 25, wherein said step of modulating comprises modulating said variable area of said target. 44. The method of claim 43, wherein said step of modulating said variable area of said target comprising making said variable area inversely proportional to said physiological difference value. 45. The method of claim 43, wherein said step of modulating said variable area of said target comprises modulating said variable area of said target opening by an operationally connected computer-controlled mechanical system, said variable area of said target being made inversely proportional to said physiological difference value. 46. The method of claim 43, wherein said step of modulating said variable area of said target comprising modulating a variable demarcated zone on said task surface by an operationally connected computer-controlled mechanical system adapted to do so, the area of said zone being made inversely proportional to said physiological difference value. 47. The method of claim 25, wherein said step of modulating comprising modulating said variable distance from said trainee to said target. 48. The method of claim 47, wherein said step of modulating said variable distance from said trainee to said target comprising making said variable distance proportional to said physiological difference value. 49. The method of claim 47, wherein said step of modulating said variable distance from said trainee to said target comprising moving said target to a distance from said trainee by an operationally connected computer-controlled mechanical system adapted to do so, which distance is proportional to said physiological difference value. 50. The method of claim 47, wherein said step of modulating said variable distance from said trainee to said target comprising moving said trainee to a distance from said target by instructions given to said trainee. 51. The method of claim 47, wherein said step of modulating said variable distance from said trainee to said target comprising moving said trainee to a distance from said target by an operationally connected computer-controlled mechanical system adapted to do so, which distance is proportional to said physiological difference value. 52. The method of claim 25, wherein said step of modulating comprises modulating a variable area of said task barrier. 53. The method of claim 52, wherein said step of modulating said variable area of said task barrier comprising making said variable area of said task barrier inversely proportional to said physiological difference value. 54. The method of claim 52, wherein said step of modulating said variable area of said task barrier comprising changing said variable area of said task barrier by an operationally connected computer-controlled mechanical system adapted to do so, which area is made proportional to said physiological difference value. 55. The method of claim 52, wherein said task barrier is movable. 56. The method of claim 25, wherein said task barrier is movable and step of modulating comprises modulating a variable speed of said movable barrier. 57. The method of claim 56, wherein said step of modulating said variable speed of said moveable barrier comprising making the magnitude of said variable speed proportional to physiological difference value. 58. The method of claim 56, wherein said step of modulating said variable speed of said moveable barrier comprising changing a translational speed of said movable barrier by an operationally connected computer-controlled mechanical system adapted to do so, the magnitude of which speed is made proportional to said physiological difference value. 59. The method of claim 56, wherein said step of modulating said variable speed of said moveable barrier comprises changing a rotational speed of said moveable barrier by an operationally connected computer-controlled mechanical system adapted to do so, the magnitude of which speed is made proportional to said physiological difference value.
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