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A radiation detection system can include optical fibers and a material disposed between the optical fibers. In an embodiment, the material can include a fluid, such as a gas, a liquid, or a non-Newtonian fluid. In another embodiment, the material can include an optical coupling material. In a partic

A radiation detection system can include optical fibers and a material disposed between the optical fibers. In an embodiment, the material can include a fluid, such as a gas, a liquid, or a non-Newtonian fluid. In another embodiment, the material can include an optical coupling material. In a particular embodiment, the optical coupling material can include a silicone rubber. In still another embodiment, the optical coupling material has a refractive index less than 1.50. In still another embodiment, the radiation detection system can have a greater signal:noise ratio, a light collection efficiency, or both as compared to a conventional radiation detection system. Corresponding methods of use are disclosed that can provide better discrimination between neutrons and gamma radiation.

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1. A radiation detection system comprising: a scintillating material to produce a light in response to receiving a target radiation;a first optical fiber; andan optical coupling material disposed between scintillating material and the first optical fiber, wherein the optical coupling material compri

1. A radiation detection system comprising: a scintillating material to produce a light in response to receiving a target radiation;a first optical fiber; andan optical coupling material disposed between scintillating material and the first optical fiber, wherein the optical coupling material comprises a gas, andwherein: the first optical fiber does not have an S-shaped bend and has a light collection efficiency of at least 9%;the first optical fiber has an S-shaped bend having a bend ratio of 0.8 and a light collection efficiency of at least 6%; orthe first optical fiber has an S-shaped bend having a bend ratio of 10 and a light collection efficiency greater than zero. 2. The radiation detection system of claim 1, further comprising a photosensor module optically coupled to end of the first optical fiber. 3. The radiation detection system of claim 1, in which the optical coupling material includes at least 2 volume % of a noble gas. 4. The radiation detection system of claim 1, wherein the gas is disposed within an aerogel. 5. The radiation detection system of claim 1, in which the optical coupling material further comprises a liquid. 6. The radiation detection system of claim 5, wherein liquid includes water. 7. The radiation detection system of claim 5, wherein the liquid includes an organic compound. 8. The radiation detection system of claim 1, wherein the first optical fiber has an S-shaped bend having a bend ratio of approximately 0.8 and the optical fiber has a photon transmission loss through the S-bend of not greater than 43%. 9. The radiation detection system of claim 1, further comprising a second optical fiber. 10. The radiation detection system of claim 9, wherein the scintillating material, the first and second fibers, and the optical coupling material are disposed within a principal sensing area of the radiation detection system. 11. The radiation detection system of claim 10, wherein: the first optical fiber is an outermost optical fiber disposed adjacent to a perimeter of the principal sensing area;the second optical fiber is a centermost optical fiber disposed adjacent to a center of the principal sensing area; anda light collection uniformity between the first and second optical fibers is at least 77%. 12. The radiation detection system of claim 10, wherein: the radiation detection system has a first signal:noise ratio;a different radiation detection systems is substantially identical to the radiation system, except that the different radiation detection system includes optical fibers and epoxy as an only material disposed between and in direct contact with the optical fibers within a principal sensing area of the different radiation detection system, wherein each optical fiber consists of a polystyrene core and a poly(methyl methacrylate) cladding surrounding the polystyrene core; andthe different radiation detection system has a second signal:noise ratio less than the first signal:noise ratio. 13. The radiation detection system of claim 9, wherein: the first optical fiber comprises a bend; andthe optical coupling material is disposed between the first and second optical fibers at the bend, wherein the optical coupling material has a refractive index less than 1.50. 14. A radiation detection system comprising: a scintillating material to produce a light in response to receiving a target radiation;a first optical fiber; andan optical coupling material disposed between scintillating material and the first optical fiber, wherein the optical coupling material comprises a fluid, andwherein: the first optical fiber does not have an S-shaped bend and has a light collection efficiency of at least 9%;the first optical fiber has an S-shaped bend having a bend ratio of 0.8 and a light collection efficiency of at least 6%; orthe first optical fiber has an S-shaped bend having a bend ratio of 10 and a light collection efficiency greater than zero. 15. The radiation detection system of claim 14, wherein the fluid includes a liquid. 16. The radiation detection system of claim 15, wherein the liquid includes water. 17. The radiation detection system of claim 15, wherein the liquid includes an organic compound. 18. The radiation detection system of claim 14, wherein the fluid includes a non-Newtonian fluid. 19. The radiation detection system of claim 14, further comprising a second optical fiber. 20. The radiation detection system of claim 19, wherein the first optical fiber includes an S-shaped bend having a bend ratio of approximately 0.8, and the first optical fiber has a photon transmission loss through the S-bend of not greater than 43%. 21. The radiation detection system of claim 19, wherein the scintillating material, the first and second optical fibers, and the fluid are disposed within a principal sensing area of the radiation detection system. 22. The radiation detection system of claim 21, wherein: the first optical fiber is an outermost optical fiber disposed adjacent to a perimeter of the principal sensing area;the second optical fiber is a centermost optical fiber disposed adjacent to a center of the principal sensing area; anda light collection uniformity between the first and second optical fibers is at least 77%. 23. The radiation detection system of claim 21, wherein: the radiation detection system has a first signal:noise ratio;a different radiation detection systems is substantially identical to the radiation system, except that the different radiation detection system includes optical fibers and epoxy as an only material disposed between and in direct contact with the optical fibers within a principal sensing area of the different radiation detection system, wherein each optical fiber consists of a polystyrene core and a poly(methyl methacrylate) cladding surrounding the polystyrene core; andthe different radiation detection system has a second signal:noise ratio less than the first signal:noise ratio. 24. The radiation detection system of claim 19, wherein: the first optical fiber comprises a bend; andthe optical coupling material is disposed between the first and second optical fibers at the bend, wherein the optical coupling material has a refractive index less than 1.50. 25. The radiation detection system of claim 24, wherein the optical coupling material is disposed between the scintillating material and the first or second optical fiber. 26. The radiation detection system of claim 24, wherein: the optical coupling material has a refractive index not greater than 1.40; oranother material is disposed between first and second optical fibers and has a refractive index not greater than 1.40. 27. The radiation detection system of claim 24, wherein: the optical coupling material has a refractive index not greater than 1.25; oranother material is disposed between first and second optical fibers and has a refractive index not greater than 1.25.