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Kafe 바로가기국가/구분 | United States(US) Patent 등록 |
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국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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출원번호 | US-0047168 (2011-03-14) |
등록번호 | US-8654917 (2014-02-18) |
발명자 / 주소 |
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출원인 / 주소 |
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대리인 / 주소 |
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인용정보 | 피인용 횟수 : 0 인용 특허 : 324 |
Fuel elements are supported by fuel assemblies configured for use in land-based nuclear reactors such as the VVER-1000. The fuel elements include a kernel having a multi-lobed profile that forms spiral ribs that include fissionable material (e.g., uranium or plutonium), a central metal displacer ext
Fuel elements are supported by fuel assemblies configured for use in land-based nuclear reactors such as the VVER-1000. The fuel elements include a kernel having a multi-lobed profile that forms spiral ribs that include fissionable material (e.g., uranium or plutonium), a central metal displacer extending along a longitudinal axis of the kernel, and a metal cladding (e.g., zirconium and/or other refractory metals) enclosing the kernel. The fuel element may be fabricated by joint extrusion of the displacer, kernel, and cladding through a die to metallurgically bond the kernel and cladding.
1. A fuel element for use in a fuel assembly of a nuclear reactor, the fuel element comprising: a kernel having a multi-lobed profile that forms spiral ribs that comprise fissionable material;a central metal displacer extending along a longitudinal axis of the kernel; anda metal cladding enclosing t
1. A fuel element for use in a fuel assembly of a nuclear reactor, the fuel element comprising: a kernel having a multi-lobed profile that forms spiral ribs that comprise fissionable material;a central metal displacer extending along a longitudinal axis of the kernel; anda metal cladding enclosing the kernel,wherein the fuel element is fabricated by joint extrusion of the displacer, kernel, and cladding through a die,wherein the spiral ribs have a pitch of axial twist of between 5% and 20% of a length of the fuel element. 2. The fuel element of claim 1, wherein the kernel comprises an alloy of the fissionable material and non-fissionable metal. 3. The fuel element of claim 2, wherein the fissionable material of the alloy of the kernel comprises uranium. 4. The fuel element of claim 2, wherein the non-fissionable metal of the alloy of the kernel comprises zirconium. 5. The fuel element of claim 1, wherein the kernel has a uranium fraction of greater than 0% by volume and 30% or less by volume, with the said uranium being enriched to greater than 0% by weight of the uranium isotope U-235 and enriched to 20% or less by weight of the uranium isotope U-235. 6. The fuel element of claim 1, wherein the kernel comprises reactor-grade plutonium with a fraction of 30% or less by volume of the kernel and greater than 0% by volume of the kernel. 7. The fuel element of claim 1, wherein the cladding comprises zirconium. 8. The fuel element of claim 7, wherein the cladding encloses the entire kernel in at least 0.3 mm of cladding. 9. The fuel element of claim 1, wherein the cladding is metallurgically bonded to the kernel. 10. The fuel element of claim 1, wherein the displacer comprises zirconium. 11. The fuel element of claim 1, wherein the displacer comprises spiral projections that extend laterally outward and are aligned with respective spiral ribs. 12. The fuel element of claim 11, wherein the plurality of spiral ribs comprise circumferentially equally-spaced ribs, and wherein a cross sectional shape of the displacer has the form of a regular polygon having a corner for each of said ribs. 13. The fuel element of claim 12, wherein the apexes of the regular polygon are aligned with the spiral ribs of the kernel. 14. The fuel element of claim 1, wherein the profile includes three ribs. 15. The fuel element of claim 1, in combination with a land-based nuclear reactor, wherein the fuel element is disposed in the reactor. 16. The fuel element of claim 1, in combination with a fuel assembly comprising a frame that supports a plurality of fuel elements according to claim 1. 17. The fuel element of claim 1, in combination with a land-based nuclear reactor, wherein: the fuel element is disposed in the reactor,the kernel comprises zirconium,the fissionable material of the kernel comprises uranium at a volume fraction of greater than 0% of the kernel and 30% or less of the kernel and an enrichment of greater than 0% by uranium isotope U-235 and an enrichment of 20% or less by uranium isotope U-235,the cladding comprises zirconium,wherein the displacer comprises zirconium, andwherein the displacer comprises spiral projections that extend laterally outward and are aligned with respective spiral ribs. 18. A fuel assembly for use in a nuclear reactor, the fuel assembly comprising: a frame configured to be removably disposed in a nuclear reactor; anda plurality of fuel elements supported by the frame,wherein at least some of the plurality of fuel elements each comprise: a kernel having a multi-lobed profile that forms spiral ribs that comprise fissionable material,a central metal displacer extending along a longitudinal axis of the kernel, anda metal cladding enclosing the kernel,wherein the at least some of the plurality of fuel elements are each fabricated by joint extrusion of the displacer, kernel, and cladding through a die. 19. The assembly of claim 18 in combination with a land-based nuclear reactor, wherein the fuel assembly is disposed in the reactor. 20. The assembly of claim 18, wherein the at least some of the plurality of elongated metal fuel elements provide at least 70% by volume of the overall fissile material of the fuel assembly. 21. The assembly of claim 18, wherein the metal cladding of the at least some of the plurality of fuel elements comprises zirconium. 22. The assembly of claim 18, wherein the kernel of the at least some of the plurality of fuel elements comprises U—Zr metal. 23. The assembly of claim 18, the fissionable material of the kernel comprises uranium at a volume fraction of greater than 0% of the kernel and 30% or less of the kernel and an enrichment of greater than 0% by uranium isotope U-235 and an enrichment of 20% or less by uranium isotope U-235. 24. The assembly of claim 18, wherein the cladding is metallurgically bonded to the kernel. 25. A method of manufacturing a fuel element for use in a nuclear reactor, the method comprising: joint extruding a kernel, a central metal displacer, and a cladding through a die to form the fuel element,wherein, after said extruding, the kernel has a multi-lobed profile that forms spiral ribs that comprise fissionable material;wherein, after said extruding, the displacer extends along a longitudinal axis of the kernel; andwherein, after said extruding, the metal cladding encloses the kernel,wherein, after said extruding, the spiral ribs have a pitch of axial twist of between 5% and 20% of a length of the fuel element. 26. The method of claim 25, further comprising positioning the fuel element in a reactor of a land-based nuclear reactor. 27. The method of claim 25, wherein the cladding comprises zirconium. 28. The method of claim 25, wherein the kernel comprises U—Zr metal. 29. The method of claim 25, wherein said extruding results in the kernel being metallurgically bonded to the cladding.
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