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Apparatus, methods and computer programs provided for metering and accounting in a commercial e-services infrastructure address the requirement for handling composite services in which higher-level services are built using simpler underlying services, each of which may be autonomously owned and oper

Apparatus, methods and computer programs provided for metering and accounting in a commercial e-services infrastructure address the requirement for handling composite services in which higher-level services are built using simpler underlying services, each of which may be autonomously owned and operated. Metering records for each service underlying a composite service are correlated by a process associated with the composite service, and then sent to an accounting service where they can be aggregated. The correlation is performed in a distributed manner with correlated usage data provided on a per-request basis. Accounting services can take account of the usage and charges associated with the underlying services to provide accounting and billing on a per-request basis or per customer-provider pair for a billing period.

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1. A method for determining charges for services, the method comprising the steps of: receiving, via a network, a request for a composite service for an application, and in response, determining, by one or more processors, a fixed fee for a transactional service to perform part of the request, a fir

1. A method for determining charges for services, the method comprising the steps of: receiving, via a network, a request for a composite service for an application, and in response, determining, by one or more processors, a fixed fee for a transactional service to perform part of the request, a first metered usage fee for a first metered service invoked by the transactional service to perform part of the request, and a second metered usage fee for a second metered service invoked by the first metered service to perform part of the request, the first metered usage fee being based on an amount of usage of the first metered service responsive to the invocation by the transactional service, and the second metered usage fee being based on an amount of usage of the second metered service responsive to the invocation by the first metered service, and wherein the first metered service, the second metered service and the application are provided by different respective service providers; andreceiving, via a network, a request for another composite service, the other composite service comprising (a) another transactional service and (b) the first and second metered services, the first and second metered services enable the other composite service, and in response, determining, by one or more processors, a fixed fee for the other transactional service and third and fourth metered usage fees for the first and second metered services, respectively, based on respective amounts of usage of the first and second metered services to enable the other composite service. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the first and second metered usage fees are based on first and second usage charging rates, respectively. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the first usage charging rate is based in part on a person who made the request, and the second usage charging rate is based in part on the person who made the request. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the other transactional service is different than the first said transactional service, and the third usage charging rate is different than the first usage charging rate or the fourth usage charging rate is different than the second usage charging rate. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the other transactional service is for another application; and the first metered service, the second metered service, the first said application and the other application are provided by different respective service providers. 6. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of: generating a bill, payable by a person who made the first said request, for the fixed fee for the first said transactional service, generating a bill, payable to the operator of the first metered service, for the first metered service based on the amount of usage of the first metered service to enable the first said composite service, and generating a bill, payable to the operator of the second metered service, for the second metered service based on the amount of usage of the second metered service to enable the first said composite service. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein the first said transactional service initiates access to the first said application for use by a person who made the first said request. 8. A computer program product for determining charges for services, the computer program product comprising: one or more computer-readable tangible storage devices and program instructions stored on at least one of the one or more storage devices, the program instructions comprising:program instructions to receive, via a network, a request for a composite service for an application, and in response, determine a fixed fee for a transactional service to perform part of the request, a first metered usage fee for a first metered service invoked by the transactional service to perform part of the request, and a second metered usage fee for a second metered service invoked by the first metered service to perform part of the request, the first metered usage fee being based on an amount of usage of the first metered service responsive to the invocation by the transactional service, and the second metered usage fee being based on an amount of usage of the second metered service responsive to the invocation by the first metered service, and wherein the first metered service, the second metered service and the application are provided by different respective service providers; andprogram instructions to receive, via a network, a request for another composite service, the other composite service comprising (a) another transactional service and (b) the first and second metered services, the first and second metered services enable the other composite service, and in response, determine a fixed fee for the other transactional service and third and fourth metered usage fees for the first and second metered services, respectively, based on respective amounts of usage of the first and second metered services to enable the other composite service. 9. The computer program product of claim 8 wherein the first and second metered usage fees are based on first and second usage charging rates, respectively. 10. The computer program product of claim 9 wherein the first usage charging rate is based in part on a person who made the request, and the second usage charging rate is based in part on the person who made the request. 11. The computer program product of claim 8 wherein the other transactional service is different than the first said transactional service, and the third usage charging rate is different than the first usage charging rate or the fourth usage charging rate is different than the second usage charging rate. 12. The computer program product of claim 8 wherein the other transactional service is for another application; and the first metered service, the second metered service, the first said application and the other application are provided by different respective service providers. 13. The computer program product of claim 8 further comprising: program instructions, stored on at least one of the one or more storage devices, to generate a bill, payable by a person who made the first said request, for the first said fixed fee for the first said transactional service, generate a bill, payable to the operator of the first metered service, for the first metered service based on the amount of usage of the first metered service to enable the first said composite service, and generate a bill, payable to the operator of the second metered service, for the second metered service based on the amount of usage of the second metered service to enable the first said composite service. 14. The computer program product of claim 8 wherein the first said transactional service initiates access to the first said application for use by a person who made the first said request. 15. A computer system for determining charges for services, the computer system comprising: one or more processors, one or more computer-readable memories, one or more computer-readable tangible storage devices, and program instructions stored on at least one of the one or more storage devices for execution by at least one of the one or more processors via at least one of the one or more memories, the program instructions comprising:program instructions to receive, via a network, a request for a composite service for an application, and in response, determine a fixed fee for a transactional service to perform part of the request, a first metered usage fee for a first metered service invoked by the transactional service to perform part of the request, and a second metered usage fee for a second metered service invoked by the first metered service to perform part of the request, the first metered usage fee based on an amount of usage of the first metered service responsive to the invocation by the transactional service, and the second metered usage fee based on an amount of usage of the second metered service responsive to the invocation by the first metered service, and wherein the first metered service, the second metered service and the application are provided by different respective service providers; andprogram instructions to receive, via a network, another request for another composite service, the other composite service comprising (a) another transactional service and (b) the first and second metered services, the first and second metered services enable the other composite service, and in response, determine a fixed fee for the other transactional service and third and fourth metered usage fees for the first and second metered services, respectively, based on respective amounts of usage of the first and second metered services to enable the other composite service. 16. The computer system of claim 15 wherein the first and second metered usage fees are based on first and second usage charging rates, respectively. 17. The computer system of claim 16 wherein the first usage charging rate is based in part on a person who made the request, and the second usage charging rate is based in part on the person who made the request. 18. The computer system of claim 15 wherein the other transactional service is different than the first said transactional service, and the third usage charging rate is different than the first usage charging rate or the fourth usage charging rate is different than the second usage charging rate. 19. The computer system of claim 15 wherein the other transactional service is for another application; and the first metered service, the second metered service, the first said application and the other application are provided by different respective service providers. 20. The computer system of claim 15 further comprising: program instructions, stored on at least one of the one or more storage devices for execution by at least one of the one or more processors via at least one of the one or more memories, to generate a bill, payable by a person who made the first said request, for the first said fixed fee for the first said transactional service, generate a bill, payable to the operator of the first metered service, for the first metered service based on the amount of usage of the first metered service to enable the first said composite service, and generate a bill, payable to the operator of the second metered service, for the second metered service based on the amount of usage of the second metered service to enable the first said composite service. 21. The computer system of claim 15 wherein the first said transactional service initiates access to the first said application for use by a person who made the first said request.