IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
|
국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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출원번호 |
US-0946494
(2010-11-15)
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등록번호 |
US-8747499
(2014-06-10)
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발명자
/ 주소 |
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출원인 / 주소 |
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대리인 / 주소 |
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인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
0 인용 특허 :
19 |
초록
▼
A modular gasification reactor for a plasma assisted gasification reaction system is disclosed for converting fuel, such as, but not limited to, biomass, to syngas to replace petroleum based fuels used in power generation. The system may be a modular system housed within a frame facilitating relativ
A modular gasification reactor for a plasma assisted gasification reaction system is disclosed for converting fuel, such as, but not limited to, biomass, to syngas to replace petroleum based fuels used in power generation. The system may be a modular system housed within a frame facilitating relatively easy transportation. The system may include a reactor vessel with distinct reaction zones that facilitate greater control and a more efficient system. The system may include a syngas heater channeling syngas collected downstream of the carbon layer support and to the pyrolysis reaction zone. The system may also include a syngas separation chamber configured to produce clean syngas, thereby requiring less filtering. The system may further include an agitator drive assembly that prevents formation of burn channels within the fuel.
대표청구항
▼
1. A modular, syngas powered, power generation system, comprising: a support frame containing a plasma assisted gasification reaction chamber, the plasma assisted gasification reaction chamber comprising: a reactor vessel having at least one fuel inlet, a pyrolysis reaction zone, a combustion reacti
1. A modular, syngas powered, power generation system, comprising: a support frame containing a plasma assisted gasification reaction chamber, the plasma assisted gasification reaction chamber comprising: a reactor vessel having at least one fuel inlet, a pyrolysis reaction zone, a combustion reaction zone and a carbon layer support, wherein the pyrolysis reaction zone is positioned upstream of a combustion reaction zone and includes at least one plasma torch, and the combustion reaction zone is positioned upstream of a carbon layer support;an agitator drive assembly positioned in the reactor vessel extending into the combustion reaction zone and defining at least a portion of the combustion reaction zone with at least one burner; wherein at least a portion of the agitator drive assembly is hollow and is formed from a conduit, and wherein the at least one burner is rotatable within the reactor vessel; anda syngas separation chamber positioned in the hollow portion of the agitator drive assembly configured to separate contaminants from syngas such that syngas with contaminants are passed into the at least one burner;an engine that operates at least partially on the syngas supplied by the syngas separation chamber; andan electric generator in communication with the engine and configured to generate electricity from rotating components of the engine. 2. The modular, syngas powered, power generation system of claim 1, wherein the support frame, in a collapsed position, has outer dimensions that are less than inner dimensions of standard 40 foot shipping container. 3. The modular, syngas powered, power generation system of claim 1, further comprising a fuel dryer in communication with and positioned upstream from the plasma assisted gasification reaction chamber, wherein the fuel dryer is positioned upstream from the at least one fuel inlet to the reactor vessel; an exhaust gas inlet in the dryer that places an exhaust from the engine in fluid communication with the fuel dryer such that exhaust gases may be passed to the dryer to dry the fuel; wherein at least one fuel inlet to the reactor vessel is sealed with fuel and exhaust gases from the engine. 4. The modular, syngas powered, power generation system of claim 3, further comprising a fuel shredder in communication with and positioned upstream from the fuel dryer. 5. The modular, syngas powered, power generation system of claim 1, further comprising an impure syngas recycler positioned in the reactor for routing syngas together with contaminants from a region downstream of the carbon layer support to the combustion reaction zone. 6. The modular, syngas powered, power generation system of claim 1, further comprising at least one syngas filter in fluid communication with the plasma assisted gasification reaction chamber and positioned downstream from the carbon layer support. 7. The modular, syngas powered, power generation system of claim 6, wherein the at least one syngas filter is formed from a water based scrubber that quickly quenches the syngas after formation to limit the formation of NOx. 8. The modular, syngas powered, power generation system of claim 1, wherein the engine is a diesel engine. 9. The modular, syngas powered, power generation system of claim 1, wherein the engine is a turbine engine. 10. The modular, syngas powered, power generation system of claim 1, further comprising a turbine positioned within a turbine assembly upstream from the syngas separation chamber that, during operation, separates syngas from contaminants in the syngas such that the contaminants are located near an outer wall defining the syngas separation chamber and relatively uncontaminated syngas is located closer to a longitudinal axis of the syngas separation chamber. 11. The modular, syngas powered, power generation system of claim 10, wherein the turbine assembly is formed from a plurality of sidewalls forming a chamber that extends from the carbon layer support to an outer wall forming the reactor vessel of the reaction chamber, and wherein at least one of the plurality of sidewalls has at least one inlet therein. 12. The modular, syngas powered, power generation system of claim 1, wherein the agitator drive assembly further comprises a drive gear attached to a bottom portion of the agitator drive assembly and is configured to drive the agitator drive assembly at a rotational speed of less than about two revolutions per minute. 13. The modular, syngas powered, power generation system of claim 1, further comprising a syngas exhaust conduit positioned within the agitator drive assembly and having an inlet positioned upstream from an inlet to the at least one burner, wherein the inlet to the syngas exhaust conduit is positioned radially inward from inner walls forming the syngas separation chamber and the inlet to the at least one burner is positioned radially outward from the syngas exhaust conduit. 14. The modular, syngas powered, power generation system of claim 13, wherein the at least one burner comprises a plurality of burners that extend radially outward from an outer surface of the conduit forming a portion of the agitator drive assembly. 15. The modular, syngas powered, power generation system of claim 14, further comprising at least one ambient air supply that includes an outlet in direct fluid communication with at least one of the plurality of burners upstream from a burner outlet. 16. The modular, syngas powered, power generation system of claim 1, further comprising a syngas heater. 17. The modular, syngas powered, power generation system of claim 16, wherein the syngas heater is positioned in the pyrolysis reaction zone such that heat from the pyrolysis reaction zone heats syngas flowing through the syngas heater. 18. The modular, syngas powered, power generation system of claim 17, wherein the syngas heater is formed from at least one conduit in direct fluid communication with the syngas collection chamber, wherein the at least one conduit forming the syngas heater is formed from a conduit that is positioned at least in part radially outward from a fuel inlet conduit forming at least a portion of the at least one fuel inlet of the reactor vessel, and wherein the at least one conduit forming the syngas heater has at least one outlet in the pyrolysis reaction zone. 19. The modular, syngas powered, power generation system of claim 18, wherein the at least one conduit is formed from at least one exhaust conduit having a support bearing that bears on an outer surface of the fuel inlet conduit forming at least a portion of the at least one fuel inlet of the reactor vessel and wherein the at least one conduit is rotatable about the outer surface of the fuel inlet conduit. 20. The modular, syngas powered, power generation system of claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis reaction zone is positioned between an inner surface of the reactor vessel and an outer surface of a conduit forming a fuel inlet, wherein the combustion reaction zone is defined by at least one rotatable burner on an upstream side of the combustion reaction zone, wherein the rotatable burner is configured to rotate within the reactor vessel to reduce the formation of burn channels in fuel held in the reactor vessel, and further comprising an ash collection zone positioned downstream from the carbon layer support. 21. The modular, syngas powered, power generation system of claim 20, wherein the at least one plasma torch extends partially radially inward and is positioned nontangential and nonradial in a plane orthogonal to a longitudinal axis of the reactor vessel, and the plasma torch is positioned in a downstream direction nonparallel to the longitudinal axis, thereby, during use, forming a helical pathway of pyrolysis gas within the fuel contained in the reactor vessel. 22. The modular, syngas powered, power generation system of claim 21, wherein the at least one plasma torch is positioned in a downstream direction nonparallel to the longitudinal axis such that the plasma torch is positioned between about 5 degrees and 20 degrees from a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the reactor vessel. 23. The modular, syngas powered, power generation system of claim 20, wherein the pyrolysis reaction zone further comprises a downstream shield extending radially inward at least partially from an inner surface of the reactor vessel towards the conduit forming the fuel inlet. 24. The modular, syngas powered, power generation system of claim 20, wherein the at least one rotatable burner comprises a plurality of burners that extend radially outward from an outer surface of the conduit forming a portion of the agitator drive assembly. 25. A modular, syngas powered, power generation system, comprising: a support frame containing a plasma assisted gasification reaction chamber, the plasma assisted gasification reaction chamber comprising: a reactor vessel having at least one fuel inlet, a pyrolysis reaction zone, a combustion reaction zone and a carbon layer support, wherein the pyrolysis reaction zone is positioned upstream of a combustion reaction zone and includes at least one plasma torch, and the combustion reaction zone is positioned upstream of a carbon layer support;an agitator drive assembly positioned in the reactor vessel extending into the combustion reaction zone and defining at least a portion of the combustion reaction zone with at least one burner; wherein at least a portion of the agitator drive assembly is hollow and is formed from a conduit, and wherein the at least one burner is rotatable within the reactor vessel;an impure syngas recycler positioned in the reactor for routing syngas together with contaminants from a region downstream of the carbon layer support to the combustion reaction zone;a syngas separation chamber positioned in the hollow portion of the agitator drive assembly configured to separate contaminants from syngas such that syngas with contaminants are passed into the at least one burner; anda syngas exhaust conduit positioned within the agitator drive assembly and having an inlet positioned upstream from an inlet to the at least one burner, wherein the inlet to the syngas exhaust conduit is positioned radially inward from inner walls forming the syngas separation chamber and the inlet to the at least one burner is positioned radially outward from the syngas exhaust conduit;an engine that operates at least partially on the syngas supplied by the syngas separation chamber; andan electric generator in communication with the engine and configured to generate electricity from rotating components of the engine. 26. A modular, syngas powered, power generation system, comprising: a support frame containing a plasma assisted gasification reaction chamber, the plasma assisted gasification reaction chamber comprising: a reactor vessel having at least one fuel inlet, a pyrolysis reaction zone, a combustion reaction zone and a carbon layer support, wherein the pyrolysis reaction zone is positioned upstream of a combustion reaction zone and includes at least one plasma torch, and the combustion reaction zone is positioned upstream of a carbon layer support;an agitator drive assembly positioned in the reactor vessel extending into the combustion reaction zone and defining at least a portion of the combustion reaction zone with at least one burner; wherein at least a portion of the agitator drive assembly is hollow and is formed from a conduit, and wherein the at least one burner is rotatable within the reactor vessel;a syngas separation chamber positioned in the hollow portion of the agitator drive assembly configured to separate contaminants from syngas such that syngas with contaminants are passed into the at least one burner;an impure syngas recycler positioned in the reactor for routing syngas together with contaminants from a region downstream of the carbon layer support to the combustion reaction zone; anda syngas heater positioned in the pyrolysis reaction zone such that heat from the pyrolysis reaction zone heats syngas flowing through the syngas heater;an engine that operates at least partially on the syngas supplied by the syngas separation chamber; andan electric generator in communication with the engine and configured to generate electricity from rotating components of the engine.
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