[미국특허]
Wireless energy transfer over variable distances between resonators of substantially similar resonant frequencies
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
H02J-017/00
H01Q-009/04
H02J-005/00
B60L-011/18
출원번호
US-0649777
(2009-12-30)
등록번호
US-8760008
(2014-06-24)
발명자
/ 주소
Joannopoulos, John D.
Karalis, Aristeidis
Soljacic, Marin
출원인 / 주소
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
대리인 / 주소
Fish & Richardson P.C.
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
20인용 특허 :
156
초록▼
Described herein are embodiments of a first resonator, with a resonant frequency f1, optionally coupled to an energy source; and a second resonator, with a resonant frequency f2, optionally coupled to an energy drain, located a variable distance from the first resonator. The first resonator and the
Described herein are embodiments of a first resonator, with a resonant frequency f1, optionally coupled to an energy source; and a second resonator, with a resonant frequency f2, optionally coupled to an energy drain, located a variable distance from the first resonator. The first resonator and the second resonator may be coupled to provide near-field wireless energy transfer among the first resonator and the second resonator, and where f1 may be approximately equal to f2 and both f1 and f2 may be less than 400 MHz.
대표청구항▼
1. A system, comprising: a first resonator having a resonant frequency ω1 and an intrinsic loss rate Γ1, and capable of storing electromagnetic energy with a high intrinsic quality factor Q1=ω1/(2Γ1), and configured to be coupled to an energy source; anda second resonator having a resonant frequency
1. A system, comprising: a first resonator having a resonant frequency ω1 and an intrinsic loss rate Γ1, and capable of storing electromagnetic energy with a high intrinsic quality factor Q1=ω1/(2Γ1), and configured to be coupled to an energy source; anda second resonator having a resonant frequency ω2 and an intrinsic loss rate Γ2, and capable of storing electromagnetic energy with a high intrinsic quality factor Q2=ω2/(2Γ2), located a variable distance D from the first resonator;wherein the first resonator and the second resonator are configured to be resonantly coupled to provide near-field wireless energy transfer among the first resonator and the second resonator over the variable distance D when the first resonator is coupled to the energy source;wherein the variable distance D is no more than ten times the characteristic size L2 of the second resonator and wherein the efficiency of the wireless energy transfer is at least 20%, andwherein Q1>100 and Q2>100. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the variable distance includes distances greater than 5 cm. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the variable distance includes distances greater than 10 cm. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the variable distance between the resonators is larger than the characteristic size L2 of the second resonator. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein each resonator comprises an electrical conductor shaped into one or more loops wound in substantially a single plane circumscribing a substantially planar area. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the loops of the electrical conductors of each of the first and second resonators are in substantially the same plane. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein a line drawn from the center of the first resonator to the center of the second resonator is substantially normal to the circumscribed planar area of each resonator. 8. The system of claim 5, wherein a line drawn from the center of the first resonator to the center of the second resonator is substantially parallel to the circumscribed planar area of each resonator. 9. The system of claim 5, wherein a line drawn from the center of the first resonator to the center of the second resonator forms a different angle to the surface area circumscribed by the first resonator than to the circumscribed planar area of each resonator. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein f1=ω1/(2π) is approximately equal to f2=ω2/(2π) and both f1 and f2 are less than or equal to 17 MHz. 11. The system of claim 1, further comprising an energy drain coupled to the second resonator. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the energy drain comprises a robot, vehicle, computer, cell phone, or a portable electronic device. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein f1=ω1/(2π) and f2=ω2/(2π), and each of f1 and f2 is between about 5 MHz and 380 MHz. 14. The system of claim 1, wherein each intrinsic loss rate comprises a resistive component and a radiative component. 15. The system of claim 1, wherein Q1>200 and Q2>200. 16. The system of claim 15, further comprising the energy source coupled to the first resonator and a vehicle having the second resonator, and wherein the system is configured to provide wireless power to the vehicle from the first resonator to the second resonator. 17. The system of claim 1, further comprising the energy source coupled to the first resonator and a vehicle having the second resonator, and wherein the system is configured to provide wireless power to the vehicle from the first resonator to the second resonator. 18. A method, comprising: providing a first resonator having a resonant frequency ω1 and an intrinsic loss rate Γ1, and capable of storing electromagnetic energy with a high intrinsic quality factor Q1=ω1/(2Γ1), coupled to an energy source; andproviding a second resonator having a resonant frequency ω2 and an intrinsic loss rate Γ2, and capable of storing electromagnetic energy with a high intrinsic quality factor Q2=ω2/(2Γ2), located a variable distance D from the first resonator;wherein the first resonator and the second resonator are resonantly coupled to provide near-field wireless energy transfer among the first resonator and the second resonator over the variable distance D;wherein the variable distance D is no more than ten times the characteristic size L2 of the second resonator and wherein the efficiency of the wireless energy transfer is at least 20%, andwherein Q1>100 and Q2>100. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the variable distance between the resonators includes distances greater than 5 cm. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the variable distance between the resonators includes greater than 10 cm. 21. The method of claim 18, wherein the variable distance between the resonators is larger than the characteristic size L2 of second resonator. 22. The method of claim 18, wherein each resonator comprises an electrical conductor shaped into one or more loops wound in substantially a single plane circumscribing a substantially planar area. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the loops of the electrical conductors of each of the first and second resonators are in substantially the same plane. 24. The method of claim 22, wherein a line drawn from the center of the first resonator to the center of the second resonator is substantially normal to the circumscribed planar area of each resonator. 25. The method of claim 22, wherein a line drawn from the center of the first resonator to the center of the second resonator is substantially parallel to the circumscribed planar area of each resonator. 26. The method of claim 22, wherein a line drawn from the center of the first resonator to the center of the second resonator forms a different angle to the surface area circumscribed by the first resonator than to the circumscribed planar area of each resonator. 27. The method of claim 18, wherein Q1>200 and Q2>200. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein a vehicle carries the second resonator, and wherein the method provides wireless power to the vehicle from the first resonator to the second resonator. 29. The method of claim 18, wherein a vehicle carries the second resonator, and wherein the method provides wireless power to the vehicle from the first resonator to the second resonator. 30. The method of claim 18, wherein f1=ω1/(2π) is approximately equal to f2=ω2/(2π) and both f1 and f2 are less than or equal to 17 MHz. 31. The method of claim 18, wherein each intrinsic loss rate comprises a resistive component and a radiative component. 32. A system, comprising: a first resonator having a resonant frequency ω1 and an intrinsic loss rate Γ1, and capable of storing electromagnetic energy with a high intrinsic quality factor Q1=ω1/(2Γ1), and configured to be coupled to an energy source; anda second resonator having a resonant frequency ω2 and an intrinsic loss rate Γ2, and capable of storing electromagnetic energy with a high intrinsic quality factor Q2=ω2/(2Γ2), located a variable distance D from the first resonator;wherein the first resonator and the second resonator are configured to be coupled to provide near-field wireless energy transfer among the first resonator and the second resonator over the variable distance D when the first resonator is coupled to the energy source;wherein the variable distance D includes distances greater than the characteristic size L2 of the second resonator and wherein the efficiency of the wireless energy transfer is at least 20%, andwherein Q1>100 and Q2>100,further comprising the energy source configured to be coupled to the first resonator and an energy drain configured to be coupled to the second resonator to provide useful power to the energy drain, and wherein the energy source is configured to provide energy to the first resonator at a rate that varies with a rate of wireless energy transfer κ between the first resonator and the second resonator. 33. The system of claim 32, wherein the energy source is configured to provide energy to the first resonator at a rate that substantially minimizes the energy stored in the first resonator and the second resonator. 34. The system of claim 32, wherein the energy source is configured to provide energy to the first resonator at a rate that substantially maximizes a ratio of the useful power to lost power from the energy source to the energy drain.
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