[특허]Methods, devices and systems for extraction of thermal energy from a heat conducting metal conduit

Biofilm IP, LLC

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Methods, devices and systems for extraction of thermal energy from a heat conducting metal conduit

특허상세정보
국가/구분	United States(US) Patent 등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)	F25C-001/18
미국특허분류(USC)	062/067; 062/293
출원번호	US-0161411 (2011-06-15)
등록번호	US-8763411 (2014-07-01)
발명자 / 주소	Wray, Daniel X. Wray, Robert J. Cutbirth, Henry
출원인 / 주소	Biofilm IP, LLC
대리인 / 주소	McKenna Long & Aldridge LLP
인용정보	피인용 횟수 : 6 인용 특허 : 129

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Provided are methods, devices and systems for controlled removal of thermal energy from a fluid within a thermally conducting metal conduit. The system allows for the in situ formation of a reversible plug that can stop the flow of fluid through the conduit, particularly without inducing thermally induced stress fractures or breaches in the conduit. The devices and systems include a thermal transfer device that can be adapted to be in thermal communication with a thermal conducting metal conduit containing a fluid, particularly a flowing fluid. The devic...

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1. A thermal transfer device for modulating thermal energy of a thermally conducting conduit containing a fluid, comprising: a cryogen injection device for injecting a cryogen through an injector into the fluid in the conduit; anda heat exchange unit through which a fluid refrigerant flows, comprising:a first wall having an inner surface and an outer surface, wherein: (a) the first wall is a portion of the conduit containing the fluid; or(b) when the device is attached to the conduit, the outer surface of the first wall is in thermal contact with the conduit;a second wall having an inner surface and an outer surface, wherein the outer surface is oriented toward the environment; anda space between the inner surface of the first wall and the inner surface of the second wall;wherein:the space contains or is filled with filings, turnings, shavings, pellets or beads of a thermally conductive metal, wherein at least a portion of the filings, turnings, shavings, pellets or beads of a thermally conductive metal are in thermal communication with at least a portion of the conduit;the fluid refrigerant flows across the surface of the filings, turnings, shavings, pellets or beads of thermally conductive material; andthe space has a width that is between about 0.05 inches and about 500 inches; orthe space has a width that is between about 10% and about 500% of the inner diameter of the heat exchange unit. 2. The device of claim 1, further comprising a Peltier device or a magnetic refrigerator or combinations thereof. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the filings, turnings, shavings, pellets or beads of a thermally conductive metal comprise a material selected from among copper, brass, beryllium, cadmium, cobalt, chrome nickel steel, gold, silver, iridium, iron, lead, magnesium, molybdenum, nickel, platinum, tin, zinc, carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum and any combination or alloy thereof. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the heat exchange unit further comprises one or more heating channels that traverse a portion of the length or the full length of the heat exchange unit, wherein: the heating channels are configured to contain a fluid; orthe heating channels are configured to comprise one or more heating units. 5. The device of claim 4, wherein the heating unit is selected from among a Curie temperature heater, a temperature limited heater, a conductor-in-conduit heat source, a heater strip, a resistive heating strip, a Positive Thermal Coefficient ceramic heater, a thick film ceramic heater, a resistance wire or a resistance ribbon heating device. 6. A system for extracting thermal energy from a conduit containing a fluid, comprising: a thermal transfer device of claim 1; anda control system adapted to adjust the heat extraction from the conduit by the thermal transfer device in response to a targeted temperature within the conduit. 7. The system of claim 6, further comprising: an intake circuit coupled to a liquid refrigerant supply module and adapted for providing a flow of refrigerant liquid to the heat exchange unit; andan exhaust circuit including a vent tube adapted to vent the liquid refrigerant from the system. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein the refrigerant comprises a cryogen, a liquid solvent or combinations thereof. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the cryogen comprises liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, liquid helium, liquid neon, liquid methane, liquid natural gas, liquid argon, liquid nitrous oxide, liquid carbon dioxide or solid carbon dioxide or combinations thereof. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the solvent comprises carbon tetrachloride, m-dichlorobenzene, nitromethane, bromobenzene, acetonitrile, chlorobenzene, m-xylene, n-butyl amine, n-octane, chloroform, t-butyl amine, trichloroethylene, butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, heptane, cyclopentane, hexane, methanol, cyclohexane, isooctane, acetaldehyde, methyl cyclohexane, m-pentane, 1,5-hexadiene, isopentane, 3-heptanone, cyclohexanone, diethyl carbitol, carbitol acetate, ethanol, acetone, isopropanol, ethyl methyl ketone, diethyl ether and combinations thereof. 11. The system of claim 6, further comprising a thermal isolation means for thermally isolating the thermal exchange unit, the underlying conduit and at least a portion of the conduit on one or both sides of a point of attachment of the thermal exchange unit from the environment. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the thermal isolation means comprises a thermally insulating layer or coating that comprises bitumen, cement, clay, concrete, ceramic filled corian, cork, cotton wool insulation, diatomaceous earth, epoxy, fiberglass, foam glass, glass pearls or beads, glass wool, gypsum, magnesite, magnesia insulation, mineral insulation, nylon, perlite, foamed plastic insulation, expanded polystyrene, polyurethane, porcelain, PTFE, PVC, pyrex glass, sand, silica aerogel, styrofoam, urethane foam, vermiculite, vinyl ester, a non-thermally conducting gas that has a lower thermal conductivity than air selected from among butane, krypton, trichloromethane, xenon, 1,1,2-trichloro-trifluoroethane, 1,2-dichloro-tetrafluoroethane, tetrafluoroethane, argon, carbon dioxide, diethyl ether, isobutane, pentane, perfluoro-cyclobutane, propane and tetrafluoromethane, CFC-11, HCFC-141b, methanol, ethanol, glycerol, ether, acetone, ethylene glycol, a thermally non-conducting silicone fluid containing glass fibers or glass beads, or propylene glycol, or combinations thereof. 13. The system of claim 6, further comprising: one or more than one heating element; orone or more than one thermal monitoring devices; ora pump for pumping refrigerant through the system; orone or more flow-control metering valves; orany combination of a heating element, thermal monitoring device, pump, flow-control metering valve and computer module. 14. The system of claim 7, wherein the refrigerant supply module comprises: a source of cryogen; ora combination, comprising: a source of cryogen;a source of one or more solvents;a mixing device to mix the cryogen with one or more solvents; anda computer module; wherein the computer module is in communication with the cryogen source, solvent source and mixing device and varies the proportion and type of solvent mixed with the cryogen. 15. The system of claim 6, wherein the thermal transfer device further comprises: a Peltier module with a cold side and a hot side;a system for supplying electrical energy to the Peltier module;a cooling head thermally coupled to the cold side of the Peltier module, wherein the cooling head has a concave curved surface;a heat dissipation element thermally coupled to the hot side of the Peltier module; anda reservoir for a thermally conductive liquid thermally coupled to the heat dissipation element. 16. A method of freezing or chilling a fluid within a thermally conductive conduit, comprising: activating a thermal transfer device of claim 1 attached to the conduit to inject cryogen into the fluid and to extract thermal energy from the conduit and the fluid contained therein, wherein:the injection of cryogen into the fluid reduces the temperature of the fluid before it comes into contact with the area of the conduit to which the thermal transfer device is attached, andthe thermal transfer device extracts sufficient thermal energy from the fluid that the fluid freezes and forms a plug of frozen fluid that reversibly attaches to the side walls of the conduit. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the activation step comprises introducing cryogen or a refrigerant into the thermal transfer device, wherein the heat is extracted from the conduit and the fluid therein by flowing the refrigerant or cryogen through the heat exchange unit to produce a warmed refrigerant or cryogen and removing the warmed refrigerant or cryogen from the heat exchange unit. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the cryogen is selected from among liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, liquid helium, liquid neon, liquid argon, liquid nitrous oxide, liquid carbon dioxide and solid carbon dioxide and combinations thereof. 19. A system for cooling or freezing a fluid within a thermally conducting conduit, comprising: a thermal transfer device of claim 1 thermally coupled to the conduit, wherein the thermal transfer device receives cooled liquid refrigerant and generates heated liquid refrigerant by transfer of heat from the conduit and fluid therein to the liquid refrigerant;a cryogen supply module for supplying cryogen to the cryogen injection device of the thermal transfer device;a liquid refrigerant supply module;a liquid refrigerant pathway for delivery of the liquid refrigerant from the liquid refrigerant supply module to the heat exchange unit of the thermal transfer device;a venting pathway for delivery of the liquid refrigerant from the heat exchange unit to an output vent; anda forced circulation means disposed between the heat exchange unit and the liquid refrigerant supply module forcing transportation of cooled liquid refrigerant from the liquid refrigerant supply module to the heat transfer units and of heated liquid coolant from the heat exchange units to the venting pathway;wherein: the circulation means produces a pressure and a flow rate; andthe pressure and flow rate of the liquid refrigerant can be modulated to provide flow through the heat exchange unit. 20. A thermal transfer device for modulating thermal energy of a thermally conducting conduit containing a fluid, comprising: a cryogen injection device for injecting a cryogen through an injector into the fluid in the conduit;an auxiliary injection device for injecting a surfactant or bridging fluid or a combination thereof through an injector into the fluid in the conduit; anda heat exchange unit through which a fluid refrigerant flows, comprising: a thermal transfer surface; andparticles of a thermally conductive material;wherein:when the thermal transfer device is attached to the conduit, the thermal transfer surface is in thermal communication with the conduit and at least a portion of the particles are in thermal communication with the thermal transfer surface; andthe fluid refrigerant flows across the surface of the particles of thermally conductive material and the thermal transfer surface of the heat exchange unit. 21. The device of claim 20, wherein the heat exchange unit further comprises: a first wall having an inner surface and an outer surface, wherein the outer surface is in thermal contact with the conduit;a second wall having an inner surface and an outer surface, wherein the outer surface is oriented toward the environment; anda space between the inner surface of the first wall and the inner surface of the second wall, wherein:the space has a width that is between about 0.05 inches and about 500 inches; orthe space has a width that is between about 10% and about 500% of the inner diameter of the heat exchange unit. 22. The device of claim 20, wherein the thermal transfer surface or the particles or both comprise a thermally conductive material selected from among copper, brass, beryllium, cadmium, cobalt, chrome nickel steel, gold, silver, iridium, iron, lead, magnesium, molybdenum, nickel, platinum, tin, zinc, carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum and any combination or alloy thereof. 23. A system for extracting thermal energy from a conduit containing a fluid, comprising: a thermal transfer device of claim 20;a cryogen supply module; anda control system to adjust the flow of a cryogen from the supply module to the thermal transfer device or the flow of cryogen through the injector or both. 24. The system of claim 23, further comprising: one or more than one heating element; orone or more than one thermal monitoring device; ora pump for pumping refrigerant through the system; orone or more flow-control metering valves; ora computer module; orany combination of a heating element, thermal monitoring device, pump, flow-control metering valve and computer module. 25. A method of freezing or chilling a fluid within a thermally conductive conduit, comprising: activating a thermal transfer device of claim 20 attached to the conduit to inject cryogen into the fluid and to extract thermal energy from the conduit and the fluid contained therein, wherein:the injection of cryogen into the fluid reduces the temperature of the fluid before it comes into contact with the area of the conduit to which the thermal transfer device is attached, andthe thermal transfer device extracts sufficient thermal energy from the fluid that the fluid freezes and forms a plug of frozen fluid that reversibly attaches to the side walls of the conduit. 26. A thermal transfer device for modulating thermal energy of a thermally conducting conduit containing a fluid, comprising: a cryogen injection device for injecting a cryogen through an injector into the fluid in the conduit; anda heat exchange unit through which a fluid refrigerant flows, comprising: a thermal transfer surface; andparticles of a thermally conductive material;wherein:when the thermal transfer device is attached to the conduit, the thermal transfer surface is in thermal communication with the conduit and at least a portion of the particles are in thermal communication with the thermal transfer surface;the fluid refrigerant flows across the surface of the particles of thermally conductive material and the thermal transfer surface of the heat exchange unit; andthe heat exchange unit comprises:an end plate 3 and an end plate 4;an inlet port 12 for introducing cryogen or refrigerant into the heat exchange device;an outlet port 13 for venting cryogen or refrigerant from the heat exchange device;an outer conduit 2c having diameter Dc2; andan inner conduit 2 having diameter D2, wherein the inner conduit 2 comprises: a pipe 2f; a pipe 2aleft at the left distal end of pipe 2f and a pipe 2aright at the right distal end of the pipe 2f; the end plate 3 has an opening through which a portion of pipe 2aleft passes;the end plate 4 has an opening through which a portion of pipe 2aright passes;the end plate 3 is attached one distal end of the outer conduit 2c and around conduit 2aleft;the end plate 4 is attached at the other distal end of the outer conduit 2c and around pipe 2aright;the inner conduit 2 and the outer conduit 2c form a cavity having a width of approximately Dc2 minus D2 minus the thickness of D2 minus the thickness of Dc2;the cavity between the inner conduit 2 and the outer conduit 2c is filled with particles, filings, turnings, shavings, pellets or beads of a thermally conductive metal; andthe pipe 2f is in thermal communication with one or more of the particles, filings, turnings, shavings, pellets or beads of the thermally conductive metal. 27. The device of claim 26, wherein pipe 2f comprises thermally conducting fins to form a finned pipe 2f. 28. The device of claim 26, further comprising one or more heating channels that traverse a portion of the length or the full length of the heat exchange unit and that are in thermal communication with the inner conduit 2, wherein: the heating channels are configured to contain a fluid; orthe heating channels are configured to comprise one or more than one heating unit. 29. The device of claim 28, wherein the heating unit is selected from among a Curie temperature heater, a temperature limited heater, a conductor-in-conduit heat source, a heater strip, a resistive heating strip, a Positive Thermal Coefficient ceramic heater, a thick film ceramic heater, a resistance wire and a resistance ribbon heating device. 30. The device of claim 26, wherein the inlet port 12 comprises an input manifold attached to 2 or more openings in the heat exchange unit to distribute the cryogen or refrigerant to two or more injection sites in the heat exchange unit. 31. The device of claim 30, wherein: the input manifold distributes the cryogen or refrigerant to two or more injection sites radially located in the heat exchange unit; orthe input manifold distributes the cryogen or refrigerant to two or more injection sites longitudinally located in the heat exchange unit; orthe input manifold distributes the cryogen or refrigerant to two or more injection sites longitudinally located in the heat exchange unit and to two or more injection sites axially located in the heat exchange unit. 32. The device of claim 26, wherein the outlet port 13 comprises a vent manifold that vents the cryogen or refrigerant from the heat exchange unit at two or more vent sites in the heat exchange unit. 33. The device of claim 26, further comprising one or more baffles that modulate the flow of cryogen or refrigerant within the heat exchange unit. 34. The device of claim 27, wherein the finned pipe 2f comprises: fins disposed radially along the pipe; orfins disposed longitudinally along the pipe; orfins disposed radially and longitudinally along the pipe, wherein: the fins are configured to have the same length; orthe fins are configured to have two or more different lengths. 35. The device of claim 27, wherein the fins of finned pipe 2f are notched or perforated or both. 36. The device of claim 27, wherein two or more of the fins of finned pipe 2f extend the width or length of the cavity within the heat exchange unit, thereby creating one or more channels. 37. The device of claim 36, wherein multiple channels are formed by the fins of finned pipe 2f. 38. The device of claim 37, wherein the channels are adjacent to each other or are staggered around the radius of the inner conduit 2 or about the length of inner conduit 2. 39. The device of claim 38, wherein cryogen injectors are attached to the heat exchange unit to inject cryogen into the channels formed by the fins of finned pipe 2f. 40. The device of claim 26, wherein the thermal transfer surface or the particles or both comprise a thermally conductive material selected from among copper, brass, beryllium, cadmium, cobalt, chrome nickel steel, gold, silver, iridium, iron, lead, magnesium, molybdenum, nickel, platinum, tin, zinc, carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum and any combination or alloy thereof. 41. A system for extracting thermal energy from a conduit containing a fluid, comprising: a thermal transfer device of claim 26;a cryogen supply module; anda control system to adjust the flow of a cryogen from the supply module to the thermal transfer device or the flow of cryogen through the injector or both. 42. The system of claim 41 further comprising: one or more than one heating element; orone or more than one thermal monitoring device; ora pump for pumping refrigerant through the system; orone or more flow-control metering valves; ora computer module; orany combination of a heating element, thermal monitoring device, pump, flow-control metering valve and computer module. 43. A method of freezing or chilling a fluid within a thermally conductive conduit, comprising: activating a thermal transfer device of claim 26 attached to the conduit to inject cryogen into the fluid and to extract thermal energy from the conduit and the fluid contained therein, wherein: the injection of cryogen into the fluid reduces the temperature of the fluid before it comes into contact with the area of the conduit to which the thermal transfer device is attached, andthe thermal transfer device extracts sufficient thermal energy from the fluid that the fluid freezes and forms a plug of frozen fluid that reversibly attaches to the side walls of the conduit.

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Methods, devices and systems for extraction of thermal energy from a heat conducting metal conduit

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