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Apparatus, methods and computer programs provided for metering and accounting in a commercial e-services infrastructure address the requirement for handling composite services in which higher-level services are built using simpler underlying services, each of which may be autonomously owned and oper

Apparatus, methods and computer programs provided for metering and accounting in a commercial e-services infrastructure address the requirement for handling composite services in which higher-level services are built using simpler underlying services, each of which may be autonomously owned and operated. Metering records for each service underlying a composite service are correlated by a process associated with the composite service, and then sent to an accounting service where they can be aggregated. The correlation is performed in a distributed manner with correlated usage data provided on a per-request basis. Accounting services can take account of the usage and charges associated with the underlying services to provide accounting and billing on a per-request basis or per customer-provider pair for a billing period.

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1. A computer-implemented method for metering usage of composite services accessed via a network requesting at least one composite service by a user program running on a user's computer, wherein said at least one composite service comprises a corresponding at least one service composition pair, in w

1. A computer-implemented method for metering usage of composite services accessed via a network requesting at least one composite service by a user program running on a user's computer, wherein said at least one composite service comprises a corresponding at least one service composition pair, in which a higher level service invokes a lower level service and a charging model of said higher level service determines said charging model of said at least one service composition pair, a service composition pair comprising any one of: a transaction service over a resource-centric service, in which metering information for a lower resource-centric service, including resource consumption metrics, and for a higher transaction service, including transaction usage metrics, is charged per transaction;a composite resource-centric service, in which metering information for a lower resource-centric service, including lower resource consumption metrics, and for a higher resource-centric service, is charged for composite resource consumption;a composite transactional service, in which metering information for a lower transactional service, including lower transaction usage metrics, and for a higher transaction service, including higher transaction usage metrics, is charged for composite transaction usage; anda resource-centric over a transaction service, in which metering information for a lower transaction service, including lower transaction usage metrics, and for a higher resource-centric service, including higher resource consumption metrics, is charged for resource consumption;generating, by a computer system, partial metering records for all service requested by said at least one composite service, said partial metering records corresponding to each requested service, including identities of each higher and lower service of said at least one service composition pair, and an appropriate charging model;sending, by said computer system, said partial metering records to an accounting service; andcorrelating, by said computer system, said partial metering records, by said accounting service, based on a hierarchical-tree of said at least one service composition pair, to create a complete metering record of an at least one requested composite service. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising creating, by said computer system, an accounting record that identifies a customer that requested said composite service and a provider of said composite service. 3. The method of claim 1, applying, by said computer system, a pricing policy to said accounting record to generate an invoice. 4. A computer system for metering usage of services which are accessed via a network, said system comprising: a memory that stores charging models for a composite service, wherein said composite service comprises service composition pairs, in which a higher level service invokes a lower level service and a charging model of said higher level service determines said charging model of said service composition pair, said service composition pairs comprising:a transaction service over a resource-centric service, in which metering information for a lower resource-centric service, including resource consumption metrics, and for a higher transaction service, including transaction usage metrics, is charged per transaction;a composite resource-centric service, in which metering information for a lower resource-centric service, including lower resource consumption metrics, and for a higher resource-centric service, is charged for composite resource consumption;a composite transactional service, in which metering information for a lower transactional service, including lower transaction usage metrics, and for a higher transaction service, including higher transaction usage metrics, is charged for composite transaction usage; anda resource-centric over a transaction service, in which metering information for a lower transaction service, including lower transaction usage metrics, and for a higher resource-centric service, including higher resource consumption metrics, is charged for resource consumption; anda processor configured to: request said composite service by a user program;generate partial metering records for all services requested by said composite service, said partial metering records corresponding to each requested service, including identities of each higher and lower service of said service composition pair, and an appropriate charging model;send said partial metering records to an accounting service; andcorrelate said partial metering records, by said accounting service, based on a hierarchical-tree of said service composition pairs, to create a complete metering record of said requested composite service. 5. The processor of the computer system of claim 4, being further configured to create an accounting record that identifies a customer that requested said composite service and a provider of said composite service. 6. The processor of the computer system of claim 4, being further configured to apply a pricing policy to said accounting record to generate an invoice. 7. The processor of the computer system of claim 5, being further configured to aggregate service usage accounting data on a per customer and per provider basis to generate aggregate accounting records for a billing period. 8. The processor of the computer system of claim 4, being further configured to mark records of metered usage data as complete if any of the following conditions is satisfied: a set of requested component services is empty; andmetered usage data is available for all of the set of requested component services and has been successfully correlated to generate composite service usage data. 9. The processor of the computer system of claim 4, being further configured to register said composite service with a respective accounting service, the step of registering comprising providing the accounting service with an identification of at least one charging model supported by the composite service. 10. The processor of the computer system of claim 4, wherein said correlator is wherein the accounting service comprises determining a charging model for the composite service in accordance with charging models supported by the composite service. 11. The processor of the computer system of claim 10, being configured to generate charging data from said composite service usage data and said charging models. 12. A computer system for metering usage of composite services which are accessed via a network, said system comprising: a memory that stores charging models for at least one composite service, wherein said at least one composite service comprises a corresponding at least one service composition pair, in which a higher level service invokes a lower level service and a charging model of said higher level service determines said charging model of said at least one composite service, wherein a service composition pair comprises any one of:a transaction service over a resource-centric service, in which metering information for a lower resource-centric service, including resource consumption metrics, and for a higher transaction service, including transaction usage metrics, is charged per transaction;a composite resource-centric service, in which metering information for a lower resource-centric service, including lower resource consumption metrics, and for a higher resource-centric service, is charged for composite resource consumption;a composite transactional service, in which metering information for a lower transactional service, including lower transaction usage metrics, and for a higher transaction service, including higher transaction usage metrics, is charged for composite transaction usage; anda resource-centric over a transaction service, in which metering information for a lower transaction service, including lower transaction usage metrics, and for a higher resource-centric service, including higher resource consumption metrics, is charged for resource consumption; anda processor configured to: request said at least one composite service by a user program;generate partial metering records for services requested by said at least one composite service, said partial metering records corresponding to each at least one requested service, including identities of each higher and lower service of said at least one service composition pair, and an appropriate charging model;send said partial metering records to an accounting service; andcorrelate said partial metering records, by said accounting service, based on a hierarchical-tree of said service composition pairs, to create a complete metering record of at least one requested composite service. 13. The processor of the computer system of claim 12, being further configured to create an accounting record that identifies a customer that requested said at least one composite service and a provider of said at least one composite service. 14. The processor of the computer system of claim 12, being further configured to apply a pricing policy to said accounting record to generate an invoice. 15. The processor of the computer system of claim 12, being further configured to aggregate service usage accounting data on a per customer and per provider basis to generate aggregate accounting records for a billing period. 16. The processor of the computer system of claim 12, being further configured to mark records of metered usage data as complete if any of the following conditions is satisfied: a set of requested component services is empty; andmetered usage data is available for all of the set of requested component services and has been successfully correlated to generate composite service usage data. 17. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium readable by a computer, tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable by said computer to perform a method for metering usage of composite services which are accessed via a network, the method comprising: requesting at least one composite service by a user program, wherein said at least one composite service comprises a corresponding at least one service composition pair, in which a higher level service invokes a lower level service and a charging model of said higher level service determines said charging model of said at least one composite service, a service composition pair comprising any one of: a transaction service over a resource-centric service, in which metering information for a lower resource-centric service, including resource consumption metrics, and for a higher transaction service, including transaction usage metrics, is charged per transaction;a composite resource-centric service, in which metering information for a lower resource-centric service, including lower resource consumption metrics, and for a higher resource-centric service, is charged for composite resource consumption;a composite transactional service, in which metering information for a lower transactional service, including lower transaction usage metrics, and for a higher transaction service, including higher transaction usage metrics, is charged for composite transaction usage; anda resource-centric over a transaction service, in which metering information for a lower transaction service, including lower transaction usage metrics, and for a higher resource-centric service, including higher resource consumption metrics, is charged for resource consumption;generating partial metering records for all service requested by said at least one composite service, said partial metering records corresponding to each requested service, including identities of each higher and lower service of said at least one service composition pair, and an appropriate charging model;sending said partial metering records to an accounting service; andcorrelating said partial metering records, by said accounting service, based on a hierarchical-tree of said at least one service composition pair, to create a complete metering record of an at least one requested composite service.