Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fer
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.
대표청구항▼
1. A method comprising: saccharifying a lignocellulosic material that has been exposed to an electron beam at a dose rate of about 1 Mrad/s to about 10 Mrad/s to produce a sugar by contacting the lignocellulosic material with one or more one or more microorganisms and/or enzymes, andconverting the s
1. A method comprising: saccharifying a lignocellulosic material that has been exposed to an electron beam at a dose rate of about 1 Mrad/s to about 10 Mrad/s to produce a sugar by contacting the lignocellulosic material with one or more one or more microorganisms and/or enzymes, andconverting the sugar to a hydrocarbon by fermenting the sugar utilizing one or more thermophilic microorganism(s) wherein irradiating comprises applying to the material a total dose of between about 20 MRads and about 50 MRads. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the one or more thermophilic microorganism(s) comprise a thermophilic bacterium. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the lignocellulosic material is selected from the group consisting of wood, particle board, sawdust, agricultural waste, sewage, silage, grasses, rice hulls, bagasse, cotton, jute, hemp, flax, bamboo, sisal, abaca, straw, corn cobs, corn stover, switchgrass, alfalfa, hay, coconut hair, seaweed, algae, and mixtures thereof. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the sugar is selected from the group consisting of glucose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, galactose, and mixtures thereof. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the electron beam device delivers electrons having an energy of 0.3 MeV to about 2.0 MeV. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising comminuting the lignocellulosic material. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein the hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of methane, ethane, propane, pentane, n-hexane, and combinations thereof. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein converting further comprises gasification.
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이 특허에 인용된 특허 (22)
Cullingford Hatice S. (Houston TX) George Clifford E. (Starkville MS) Lightsey George R. (Starkville MS), Apparatus and method for cellulose processing using microwave pretreatment.
Rugg Barry A. (New York NY) Brenner Walter (Teaneck NJ), Apparatus for chemical conversion of materials and particularly the conversion of cellulose waste to glucose.
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Weil Thomas A. (Naperville IL) Dzadzic Peter M. (Lisle IL) Shih Chien-Cheng J. (Irvine CA) Price Michael C. (West Chicago IL), Process for recovering hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon-containing biomass.
Scott Donald S. (Waterloo CAX) Piskorz Jan (Waterloo CAX) Radlein Desmond (Waterloo CAX) Majerski Piotr (Waterloo CAX), Process for the production of anhydrosugars from lignin and cellulose containing biomass by pyrolysis.
Roesch Susan M. (Gainesville FL) Goldman Leonard J. (Gainesville FL) Beatty Charles L. (Gainesville FL), Water dispersible delivery system for an agriculturally active chemical.
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