초록

An improved intravascular blood pump and related methods involving the broad inventive concept of equipping the intravascular blood pump with guiding features such that the intravascular blood pump can be selectively positioned at a predetermined location within the circulatory system of a patient.

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1. An intravascular blood pump system, comprising: an intravascular blood pump comprising: a rotor having a rotor hub tapering in the distal direction, at least one blade extending radially outward from the rotor hub, the hub has a distal end extending distally beyond the most distal portion of the

1. An intravascular blood pump system, comprising: an intravascular blood pump comprising: a rotor having a rotor hub tapering in the distal direction, at least one blade extending radially outward from the rotor hub, the hub has a distal end extending distally beyond the most distal portion of the blade anda shroud within which the rotor is rotatably disposed;a cannula extending from the shroud and comprising an outer cannula surface, the outer cannula surface having a substantially circular cross-section along a portion of its length;a first lumen in fluid communication with the intravascular blood pump and operatively arranged to deliver purge fluid to the intravascular blood pump; anda guide mechanism configured as a second lumen having a proximal end and a distal end, the guide mechanism adapted to guide a distal portion of said intravascular blood pump system to a predetermined location within the circulatory system of a patient;wherein an axis coaxial with and extending through a portion of said guide mechanism extends through a region delimited by the outer cannula surface, and wherein the guide mechanism is configured to allow for a guide wire to slideably advance therealong. 2. The intravascular blood pump system of claim 1, wherein the rotor comprises a second blade extending radially from the rotor hub. 3. The intravascular blood pump system of claim 1, wherein the rotor hub is generally conical. 4. The intravascular blood pump system of claim 1, wherein the guide mechanism is configured such that the guide wire passes through the region delimited by the outer cannula surface at a location proximal to where the guide wire establishes slidable contact with the guide mechanism. 5. The intravascular blood pump system of claim 1, further comprising a guide catheter, wherein the guide catheter is configured to facilitate the placement of the guide wire into the heart. 6. The intravascular blood pump system of claim 1, further comprising: an elongate catheter extending proximally with respect to the intravascular blood pump; and a blood pressure detection mechanism comprising a fluid column disposed within the catheter and configured to detect the pressure of the blood proximate the intravascular blood pump. 7. The intravascular blood pump system of claim 1, wherein the cannula is operatively arranged to bend at a location between distal and proximal ends thereof. 8. The intravascular blood pump system of claim 1, further comprising a first conduit and a second conduit, at least one of the first conduit or the second conduit terminating in a fitting that is configured to be located outside a patient when the intravascular blood pump and cannula are located inside the patient, at least one of the first conduit and second conduit in fluid communication with the first lumen. 9. The intravascular blood pump system of claim 1, wherein a distal end of the cannula is open in order to enable the guide wire to pass axially through the distal end of the cannula. 10. An intravascular blood pump system comprising: an intravascular blood pump comprising a rotor having a rotor hub tapering in the distal direction, at least one blade extending radially outward from the rotor hub, the intravascular blood pump coupled to a catheter on a proximal end and a cannula on a distal end;a first set and a second set of apertures establishing fluid communication between an interior of the cannula and an exterior region of the cannula, wherein the first set of apertures is located in proximity to the rotor and the second set of apertures is spaced apart from and located distal to the first set of apertures towards a distal region of the cannula;a guide mechanism configured as an elongate lumen and adapted to guide said intravascular blood pump, cannula, and catheter to a predetermined location within the circulatory system of a patient; anda blood pressure detection mechanism comprising a fluid column configured to detect the pressure of the blood proximate the intravascular blood pump;wherein the elongate lumen is sized substantially smaller than an inner diameter of the cannula and intravascular blood pump; anda guide wire arranged to be advanced along the lumen, wherein the lumen is arranged coaxially with at least one of a distal end or a proximal end of the cannula, and the cannula and the lumen are arranged in series longitudinally. 11. The intravascular blood pump system of claim 10, wherein the cannula is reinforced with a spiral wire. 12. The intravascular blood pump system of claim 10, further comprising a guide wire and a guide catheter, wherein the guide catheter is configured facilitate the placement of the guide wire through the vasculature into the heart. 13. The intravascular blood pump system of claim 10, wherein the rotor comprises a second blade extending radially from the rotor hub. 14. The intravascular blood pump system of claim 10, wherein the cannula comprises an outer cannula surface having a substantially circular cross-section along a portion of its length, the distal region of the outer cannula surface is distally tapered about its circumference. 15. The intravascular blood pump system of claim 10, further comprising a plurality of egress flow ports disposed in a shroud of the intravascular blood pump, and a plurality of ingress flow ports disposed at a location spaced apart from and distal to the egress flow ports. 16. The intravascular blood pump system of claim 15, wherein the ingress flow ports comprise an end port located at the cannula distal end and a plurality of ports located about the cannula and proximal to the end port. 17. The intravascular blood pump system of claim 10, wherein the first set of apertures are egress ports and the second set of apertures are ingress ports, and wherein the egress ports are configured to direct blood passing through the interior of the cannula and towards the rotor in a direction that is both proximal and radially outward with respect to the rotor hub. 18. The intravascular blood pump system of claim 10, wherein the central lumen extends through the cannula and blood pump. 19. The intravascular blood pump system of claim 10, wherein the lumen of the central lumen is proximal to the cannula. 20. The intravascular blood pump system of claim 10, wherein the cannula is operatively arranged to bend at a location between distal and proximal ends thereof. 21. The intravascular blood pump system of claim 10, wherein the distal end of the cannula is open to enable the guide wire to pass axially through the distal end of the cannula. 22. An intravascular blood pump system configured to be advanced to a predetermined location in a patient's circulatory system, the intravascular blood pump system comprising: an intravascular blood pump, the intravascular blood pump comprising a rotor having a generally conical rotor hub tapering in the distal direction, at least two blades extending radially from the rotor hub, the generally conical rotor hub having a distal tip extending distally beyond the blades;a cannula extending distally from the intravascular blood pump;a plurality of ingress ports located towards the proximal region of the cannula and a plurality of egress ports located in proximity to the blood pump such that movement of fluid proximally through an interior region of the cannula is steered towards the egress ports;a guide wire having a cross-section substantially smaller than the cannula;andan elongate lumen having a luminal interior sized (i) smaller than an inside diameter of the cannula and (ii) sufficiently large enough to accommodate the guide wire when the guide wire is advanced therealong, wherein the lumen is arranged coaxially with respect to at least one of a distal end or a proximal end of the cannula, and the lumen and the cannula are arranged in series longitudinally. 23. The intravascular blood pump system of claim 22, wherein the lumen is proximal with respect to the cannula. 24. The intravascular blood pump system of claim 22, wherein the distal end of the cannula is open to enable the guide wire to pass axially through the distal end of the cannula.