Recovery of inorganic salt during processing of lignocellulosic feedstocks
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
C12P-007/08
C12P-007/12
C13K-001/02
C13K-001/06
B01D-061/14
B01B-001/00
B01D-015/18
B01D-015/36
B01D-061/44
C05B-007/00
C05C-003/00
C05D-001/00
C05D-001/02
C05D-005/00
C05F-011/00
C12P-003/00
C12P-007/06
C12P-007/10
C12P-019/02
출원번호
US-0569308
(2012-08-08)
등록번호
US-8911979
(2014-12-16)
발명자
/ 주소
Foody, Brian
Tolan, Jeffrey S.
Rahme, Ziyad
Anand, Vijay
출원인 / 주소
Iogen Energy Corporation
대리인 / 주소
Fitzpatrick, Cella, Harper & Scinto
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
0인용 특허 :
28
초록▼
A method for recovering inorganic salt during processing of a lignocellulosic feedstock is provided. The method comprises pretreating the lignocellulosic feedstock by adding an acid to the feedstock to produce a pretreated lignocellulosic feedstock. A soluble base is then added to the pretreated lig
A method for recovering inorganic salt during processing of a lignocellulosic feedstock is provided. The method comprises pretreating the lignocellulosic feedstock by adding an acid to the feedstock to produce a pretreated lignocellulosic feedstock. A soluble base is then added to the pretreated lignocellulosic feedstock to adjust the pH and produce a neutralized feedstock. The neutralized feedstock is then enzymatically hydrolyzed to produce an enzyme hydrolyzed feedstock and a sugar stream. Inorganic salt is recovered from either a stream obtained from the lignocellulosic feedstock prior to the step of pretreating, a stream obtained from the pretreated lignocellulosic feedstock, a stream obtained from the neutralized feedstock, a stream obtained from the sugar stream, or a combination of these streams. The inorganic salt may be concentrated, clarified, recovered and purified by crystallization, electrodialysis drying, or agglomeration and granulation, and then used as desired, for example as a fertilizer.
대표청구항▼
1. A process, comprising the steps of: a) washing or leaching a lignocellulosic feedstock comprising inorganic salts which comprise at least potassium and calcium ions with an aqueous solution for a sufficient time to produce an aqueous leachate stream, wherein the washing or leaching duration and t
1. A process, comprising the steps of: a) washing or leaching a lignocellulosic feedstock comprising inorganic salts which comprise at least potassium and calcium ions with an aqueous solution for a sufficient time to produce an aqueous leachate stream, wherein the washing or leaching duration and the pH of the aqueous solution are sufficient to extract inorganic ions comprising potassium from the feedstock while substantially retaining calcium ions in the feedstock to produce i) an aqueous leachate stream comprising inorganic salts that are substantially free of calcium and ii) a solid leached or washed feedstock;b) removing the aqueous leachate stream from the leached or washed feedstock;c) pretreating the leached or washed feedstock with acid to produce a pretreated lignocellulosic feedstock comprising at least pentose sugar;d) fermenting the pentose sugar with at least one microbe;e) concentrating said aqueous leachate stream produced in step (a) by evaporation, filtering through a reverse osmosis membrane, or a combination thereof; andf) recovering a concentrated aqueous leachate stream produced in step (e). 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the lignocellulosic feedstock is selected from the group consisting of corn stover, wheat straw, barley straw, canola straw, rice straw, oat straw, soybean stover, grass, switch grass, miscanthus, cord grass, and reed canary grass, aspen wood, sawdust, bagasse, beet pulp and mixtures thereof. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the lignocellulosic feedstock contains from about 0.2% to about 4% (w/w) potassium. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the inorganic salts of the aqueous leachate stream are recovered by ion exclusion in the recovering step. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising crystallization electrodialysis, drying, or agglomeration and granulation of the inorganic salts. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the pretreatment comprises a method selected from the group consisting of batch dilute acid hydrolysis, continuous dilute acid hydrolysis, steam explosion and extrusion. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the acid in the pretreatment is selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, sulfurous acid, sulfur dioxide, phosphoric acid, and a combination thereof. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the acid is sulfuric acid. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the pretreating is performed at a temperature from about 160° C. to about 280° C., at a pH from about pH 0.4 to about 2.0 and for a period of from about 0.1 to about 30 minutes. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the fermenting produces a fermentation broth comprising ethanol and wherein the fermentation broth is distilled to produce concentrated ethanol and still bottoms. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising recovering the inorganic salt from the still bottoms followed by purifying the inorganic salt. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein prior to the step of recovering the inorganic salt from the still bottoms, the concentration of the still bottoms is increased by evaporation, or membrane filtration, to produce concentrated still bottoms, followed by a step of ion exclusion chromatography using a simulated moving bed process. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein prior to the step of ion exclusion chromatography, the concentrated still bottoms are clarified by microfiltration, plate and frame filtration or centrifugation. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the step of purifying the inorganic salt comprises crystallization, electrodialysis, drying, or agglomeration and granulation. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the concentrated aqueous leachate stream is combined with a soluble inorganic salt stream obtained from the pretreated feedstock, the neutralized feedstock, or the sugar stream to produce a combined salt stream. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the salt present in the combined salt stream is concentrated by evaporation, or membrane filtration to produce a concentrated salt solution. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the concentrated salt solution is clarified to produce a clarified salt solution. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the inorganic salt is recovered from the clarified salt solution by ion exclusion chromatography. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein in the pretreatment, at least a portion of hemicellulose in the feedstock is hydrolyzed to produce one or more than one sugar monomer selected from the group consisting of xylose, arabinose, mannose, galactose and a combination thereof. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the inorganic salt is soluble. 21. The process of claim 1, further comprising combining the concentrated aqueous leachate stream with a process stream comprising salt generated in said process. 22. A process for recovering inorganic salt, comprising the steps of: a) washing or leaching a lignocellulosic feedstock comprising inorganic salts which comprise at least potassium and calcium ions with an aqueous solution for a sufficient time to produce an aqueous leachate stream, wherein the washing or leaching duration and the pH of the aqueous solution are sufficient to extract inorganic ions comprising potassium from the feedstock while substantially retaining calcium ions in the feedstock to produce i) an aqueous leachate stream comprising inorganic salts that are substantially free of calcium and ii) a solid leached or washed feedstock;b) removing the aqueous leachate stream from the leached or washed feedstock;c) pretreating the washed or leached lignocellulosic feedstock with acid to produce a pretreated lignocellulosic feedstock;d) adding soluble base to the pretreated lignocellulosic feedstock to produce a neutralized feedstock having a pH of about 4.0 to about 6.0;e) enzymatically hydrolysing the neutralized feedstock to produce a sugar stream and an enzyme hydrolyzed feedstock;f) fermenting the sugar stream to produce a fermentation broth comprising ethanol;g) distilling the fermentation broth to produce concentrated ethanol and still bottoms;h) further purifying the ethanol produced in step (g);i) concentrating said aqueous leachate stream produced in step (b) by evaporation, filtering through a reverse osmosis membrane, or a combination thereof; andj) recovering a concentrated aqueous leachate stream produced in step (i). 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the pretreating is performed at a temperature from about 160° C. to about 280° C., at a pH from about pH 0.4 to about 2.0 and for a period of from about 0.1 to about 30 minutes. 24. The method of claim 22, further comprising separating the sugar stream from the enzyme hydrolyzed feedstock to form a solid residue and a sugar hydrolyzate stream. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the inorganic salt is concentrated by evaporation or membrane filtration. 26. The method of claim 22, wherein in the enzymatic hydrolysis, cellulase enzyme is added to the neutralized feedstock to hydrolyze at least a portion of cellulose in the neutralized feedstock and produce glucose. 27. The process of claim 22, further comprising combining the concentrated aqueous leachate stream with a process stream comprising salt generated in said process.
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