IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
|
국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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출원번호 |
US-0402425
(2012-02-22)
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등록번호 |
US-8974574
(2015-03-10)
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발명자
/ 주소 |
- Feng, Xianshe
- Lawless, Darren F.
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출원인 / 주소 |
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대리인 / 주소 |
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인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
0 인용 특허 :
9 |
초록
▼
There is provided a process for effecting permeation of at least an operative material component of an operative mixture from a higher pressure space, through a membrane, and into a lower pressure space, wherein the higher pressure space is disposed in mass transfer communication with the lower pres
There is provided a process for effecting permeation of at least an operative material component of an operative mixture from a higher pressure space, through a membrane, and into a lower pressure space, wherein the higher pressure space is disposed in mass transfer communication with the lower pressure space through the membrane.
대표청구항
▼
1. A process for effecting permeation of at least an operative material component of an operative gaseous mixture from a higher pressure space, through a membrane, and into a lower pressure space, wherein the higher pressure space is disposed in mass transfer communication with the lower pressure sp
1. A process for effecting permeation of at least an operative material component of an operative gaseous mixture from a higher pressure space, through a membrane, and into a lower pressure space, wherein the higher pressure space is disposed in mass transfer communication with the lower pressure space through the membrane, comprising: after a decrease in a partial pressure differential, between the partial pressure of an operative material component within the higher pressure space and the partial pressure of the operative material component within the lower pressure space, from a higher partial pressure differential, has been effected, and wherein the decrease in the partial pressure differential includes that effected by permeation of a permeated fraction of an operative material component disposed within the higher pressure space, from the higher pressure space, through the membrane, and into the lower pressure space, in response to, at least, the partial pressure differential, and while a permeating fraction of the higher pressure space-disposed operative material component is permeating through the membrane, in response to, at least, a reduced partial pressure differential that is below that of the higher partial pressure differential, and being collected within the lower pressure space: effecting a decrease in the partial pressure of the operative material component within the lower pressure space, by effecting discharge of an operative material component discharge fraction of the operative material component, disposed within the lower pressure space, from the lower pressure space, wherein the decrease in the partial pressure of the operative material component within the lower pressure space is a decrease from a pre-discharge pressure;wherein the ratio of the volume of the higher pressure space to the volume of the lower pressure space is greater than 1. 2. The process as claimed in claim 1; wherein, prior to the effecting of a decrease in the partial pressure of the operative material component within the lower pressure space by effecting discharge of the operative material component discharge fraction from the lower pressure space, a decrease in the partial pressure of the operative material component within the higher pressure space is effected by the permeation of the permeated fraction of the operative material component disposed within the higher pressure space. 3. The process as claimed in claim 1; wherein, prior to the effecting of a decrease in the partial pressure of the operative material component within the lower pressure space by effecting discharge of the operative material component discharge fraction from the lower pressure space, a decrease in the pressure within the higher pressure space is effected by the permeation of the permeated fraction of the operative material component disposed within the higher pressure space. 4. The process as claimed in claim 1; wherein, prior to the effecting of a decrease in the partial pressure of the operative material component within the lower pressure space by effecting discharge of the operative material component discharge fraction from the lower pressure space, an increase in the partial pressure of the operative material component within the lower pressure space is effected by the permeation of the permeated fraction of the operative material component disposed within the higher pressure space. 5. The process as claimed in claim 1; wherein, prior to the effecting of a decrease in the partial pressure of the operative material component within the lower pressure space by effecting discharge of the operative material component discharge fraction from the lower pressure space, an increase in the pressure within the lower pressure space is effected by the permeation of the permeated fraction of the operative material component disposed within the higher pressure space. 6. The process as claimed in claim 1; wherein the permeation of the permeating fraction of the operative material component disposed within the higher pressure space is being effected while at least one slower-permeating material component is permeating from the higher pressure space, through the membrane and into the lower pressure space, and wherein for each one of the slower permeating components, the ratio of the molar rate of permeation of the slower permeating component to the mole fraction of the slower permeating component within the higher pressure space is less than the ratio of the molar rate of permeation of the operative material component to the mole fraction of the operative material component within the higher pressure space. 7. The process as claimed in claim 6; wherein the higher pressure space-disposed operative material component is included within an operative material mixture disposed in the high pressure space;and wherein the permeation of the permeating fraction of the higher pressure space-disposed operative material component is being effected while at least one slower-permeating material component is permeating from the higher pressure space, through the membrane and into the lower pressure space, and wherein for each one of the slower permeating components, the ratio of the molar rate of permeation of the slower permeating component to the mole fraction of the slower permeating component within the higher pressure space is less than the ratio of the molar rate of permeation of the operative material component to the mole fraction of the operative material component within the higher pressure space, such that separation of an operative material-rich separation product, from the operative material mixture, is effected, wherein the operative material-rich separation product is disposed within the lower pressure space, and wherein the molar concentration of the operative material component is greater within the operative material-rich separation product than within the operative material mixture. 8. The process as claimed in claim 1; wherein the effecting of a decrease in the partial pressure differential includes effecting an increase in the partial pressure of the operative material component within the lower pressure space. 9. The process as claimed in claim 1; wherein the effecting of a decrease in the partial pressure differential includes effecting a decrease in the partial pressure of the operative material component within the higher pressure space. 10. The process as claimed in claim 1; wherein the effecting of a decrease in the partial pressure of the operative material component within the lower pressure space is effected in response to the sensing of a first permeating operative material component low permeation rate indication. 11. The process as claimed in claim 1; further comprising supplying a material mixture feed from a material mixture source to the higher pressure space while the permeation of the permeated fraction of the higher pressure space-disposed operative material component is being effected. 12. The process as claimed in claim 11; wherein the supplying of the material mixture feed is effected by a prime mover. 13. The process as claimed in claim 11; further comprising at least temporarily suspending the supplying of the material mixture feed prior to the effecting of a decrease in the partial pressure of the operative material component within the lower pressure space. 14. The process as claimed in claim 12; wherein the effecting of a decrease in the partial pressure of the operative material component within the lower pressure space, by effecting discharge of an operative material component discharge fraction of the operative material component disposed within the lower pressure space, from the lower pressure space, includes effecting fluid communication with a downstream space, wherein the downstream space pressure within the downstream space is less than a lower pressure space pressure of the lower pressure space, and wherein the downstream space pressure is generated by the same prime mover that has been effecting the supplying of the material mixture feed to the higher pressure space prior to the suspension of the supplying of the material mixture feed. 15. The process as claimed in claim 1; wherein the effecting of a decrease in the partial pressure of the operative material component within the lower pressure space, by effecting discharge of an operative material component discharge fraction of the operative material component, disposed within the lower pressure space, from the lower pressure space, includes effecting fluid communication with a downstream space, wherein the partial pressure of the operative material component within the downstream space is less than the partial pressure of the operative material component within the lower pressure space. 16. The process as claimed in claim 1; wherein the effecting of a decrease in the partial pressure of the operative material component in the lower pressure space effects an increase in the partial pressure differential and thereby effects an increase in the molar rate at which permeation of a permeating fraction of the higher pressure space-disposed operative material component is being effected through the membrane and into the lower pressure space. 17. The process as claimed in claim 13; wherein, after the supplying of the material mixture feed is at least temporarily suspended, and after the decrease in the partial pressure of the operative material component within the lower pressure space, from the pre-discharge pressure, has been effected, permeation of a permeating fraction of the higher pressure space-disposed operative material component is effected while the partial pressure of the operative material component within lower pressure space is disposed below the pre-discharge pressure. 18. A process for effecting permeation of at least an operative material component of an operative gaseous mixture from a higher pressure space, through a membrane, and into a lower pressure space, wherein the higher pressure space is disposed in mass transfer communication with the lower pressure space through the membrane, comprising: after a decrease in a partial pressure differential, between the partial pressure of an operative material component within a higher pressure space and the partial pressure of the operative material component within a lower pressure space, from a higher partial pressure differential, has been effected, wherein the higher pressure space is disposed in mass transfer communication with the lower pressure space through a membrane, and wherein the decrease in the partial pressure differential includes that effected by permeation of a permeated fraction of an operative material component disposed within the higher pressure space, from the higher pressure space, through the membrane, and into the lower pressure space, in response to, at least, the partial pressure differential, such that an increase in the pressure within the lower pressure space to above atmospheric pressure is effected by the permeation of the permeated fraction of the operative material component disposed within the higher pressure space, and while a permeating fraction of the higher pressure space-disposed operative material component is permeating through the membrane, in response to, at least, a reduced partial pressure differential that is below that of the higher partial pressure differential, and being collected within the lower pressure space: effecting a decrease in the partial pressure of the operative material component within the lower pressure space, by effecting discharge of an operative material component discharge fraction from the operative material component disposed within the lower pressure space. 19. The process as claimed in claim 18; wherein the effecting of a decrease in the partial pressure of the operative material component within the lower pressure space is effected in response to the sensing of a pressure within the lower pressure space that exceeds atmospheric pressure. 20. A process for effecting permeation of at least an operative material component of an operative gaseous mixture from a higher pressure space, through a membrane, and into a lower pressure space, wherein the higher pressure space is disposed in mass transfer communication with the lower pressure space through the membrane, comprising: after a decrease in a partial pressure differential, between the partial pressure of an operative material component within a higher pressure space and the partial pressure of the operative material component within a lower pressure space, from a higher partial pressure differential, has been effected, wherein the higher pressure space is disposed in mass transfer communication with the lower pressure space through a membrane, and wherein the decrease in the partial pressure differential includes that effected by permeation of a permeated fraction of an operative material component disposed within the higher pressure space, from the higher pressure space, through the membrane, and into the lower pressure space, in response to, at least, the partial pressure differential, and while a permeating fraction of the higher pressure space-disposed operative material component is permeating through the membrane, in response to, at least, a reduced partial pressure differential that is below that of the higher partial pressure differential, and being collected within the lower pressure space effecting a decrease in the partial pressure of the operative material component within the lower pressure space, by effecting discharge of an operative material component discharge fraction from the operative material component disposed within the lower pressure space, wherein the decrease in the partial pressure of the operative material component within the lower pressure space is a decrease from a pre-discharge pressure;wherein a material mixture feed is supplied from a material mixture source to the higher pressure space while the permeation of the permeated fraction of the higher pressure space-disposed operative material component is being effected, and wherein the supplying of the material mixture feed is at least temporarily suspended prior to the effecting of a decrease in the partial pressure of the operative material component within the lower pressure space;and wherein, after the supplying of the material mixture feed is at least temporarily suspended, and after the decrease in the partial pressure of the operative material component within the lower pressure space, from the pre-discharge pressure, has been effected, permeation of a permeating fraction of the higher pressure space-disposed operative material component is effected while the partial pressure of the operative material component within lower pressure space is disposed below the pre-discharge pressure and while the permeation of the permeating fraction of the higher pressure space-disposed operative material component is being effected while the partial pressure of the operative material component within the lower pressure space is disposed below the pre-discharge pressure, and a decrease in the partial pressure of the operative material component within the higher pressure space is effected in response to, at least, the permeation of the permeating fraction of the higher pressure space-disposed operative material component that is effected while the partial pressure of the operative material component within the lower pressure space is disposed below the pre-discharge pressure;and wherein, after the discharging, and after the decrease in the partial pressure of the operative material component within the higher pressure space has been effected in response to the permeation of the permeating fraction of the higher pressure space-disposed operative material component that is effected while the partial pressure of the operative material component within the lower pressure space is disposed below the pre-discharge pressure, effecting an increase in the partial pressure of the operative material component within the higher pressure space from a pre-pressure increase pressure, which thereby effects an increase in the molar rate at which the permeation of the permeating fraction of the higher pressure space-disposed operative material component is being effected through the membrane and into the lower pressure space, wherein the increase in the partial pressure of the operative material component within the higher pressure space is effected by supplying of the material mixture feed;wherein, prior to the supplying of the material mixture feed for effecting the increase in the partial pressure of the operative material component within the higher pressure space, and the increase in the molar rate at which the permeation of the permeating fraction of the higher pressure-disposed operative material component is being effected through the membrane and into the lower pressure space, discharging at least a fraction of material remaining within the higher pressure space. 21. The process as claimed in claim 20; wherein the material mixture feed includes the operative material component, and the supply of the material mixture feed effects replenishment of the operative material component within the higher pressure space. 22. The process as claimed in claim 21; wherein the supplying of the material mixture feed, for the effecting of the increase in the partial pressure of the operative material component within the higher pressure space, is effected in response to the sensing of an operative material component low permeation rate indicator. 23. The process as claimed in claim 20; wherein the combination of the discharging of at least a fraction of material remaining within the higher pressure space, followed by the supplying of the material mixture feed for effecting an increase in the partial pressure of the operative material component within the higher pressure space, is effected in response to the sensing of a second operative material component low permeation rate indicator.
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