Apparatus for absorbing shock, particularly repetitive shocks, comprises a frame and a shock-absorbing component comprising a shape memory alloy (SMA). In one type of apparatus, one or more SMA rings (65) are mounted on brackets (64) on a frame (62, 63) so that shock received by the frame from one d
Apparatus for absorbing shock, particularly repetitive shocks, comprises a frame and a shock-absorbing component comprising a shape memory alloy (SMA). In one type of apparatus, one or more SMA rings (65) are mounted on brackets (64) on a frame (62, 63) so that shock received by the frame from one direction changes the shape of the rings into ellipses with major chords in a first direction, and shock received by the frame from the opposite direction changes the shape of the rings into ellipses with major chords in a second direction which is at right angles to the first direction. In other types of apparatus, SMA shock-absorbing components (16, 27, 37, 46, 89) are mounted in a frame (11, 12,13,14,15,17, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 31, 32, 34, 35, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47) so that the way in which the shock-absorbing component is deformed is independent of the direction of the shock received by the frame. The shock-absorbing components preferably include a superelastic SMA, optionally in combination with a martensitic SMA. The apparatus is useful for a wide variety of purposes, including the protection from shock of medical devices, electronic assemblies, vehicles, bridges and buildings.
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1. Apparatus for absorbing shock from a first direction and from an opposite second direction, the apparatus comprising (1) a frame which is distorted in a first way when the apparatus is subjected to shock from the first direction and in a second way when the apparatus is subjected to shock from th
1. Apparatus for absorbing shock from a first direction and from an opposite second direction, the apparatus comprising (1) a frame which is distorted in a first way when the apparatus is subjected to shock from the first direction and in a second way when the apparatus is subjected to shock from the second direction, and(2) one or more shock-absorbing SMA components each of which consists of a shape memory alloy (SMA),at least one of the SMA components (i) being in the form of a hollow member having a cross-section which defines a void within the member, and (ii) comprising a superelastic SMA, andthe SMA shock-absorbing components being linked to the frame so that distortion of the frame in the first way distorts at least one of the SMA shock-absorbing components comprising a superelastic SMA by changing its cross-section in a first way, and distortion of the frame in the second way distorts the shock-absorbing component by changing its cross-section in a second way;the shock-absorbing SMA components being the sole shock-absorbing components of the apparatus; wherein at least one of the shock-absorbing SMA components comprises a ring which (i) has a closed annular cross-section, and (ii) comprises an annular member composed of a superelastic SMA, and distortion of the frame in the first way distorts the annular member so that a major chord of the ring decreases and distortion of the frame in the second way distorts the annular member so that the major chord of the ring increases. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the ring comprises a first annular member which is composed of a superelastic SMA and a second annular member which is composed of a martensitic SMA and which is attached to the first annular member. 3. Apparatus according claim 1 which comprises a plurality of said hollow shock-absorbing members comprising a superelastic SMA, and said hollow shock absorbing superelastic SMA components are arranged so that they provide a balanced response to shock which prevents twisting or bending of the frame when the superelastic shock-absorbing components are deformed by shock, and wherein the apparatus comprises a plurality of said hollow shock-absorbing components comprising a superelastic SMA, and each of said hollow shock absorbing components comprising a superelastic SMA is a ring which has a closed annular cross-section, and distortion of the frame in the first way distorts each of the rings so that a major chord of the ring decreases and distortion of the frame in the second way distorts each of the rings so that the major chord of the ring increases. 4. Apparatus for absorbing shock from a first direction and from a substantially different second direction, the second direction comprising a component which is opposite to the first direction, the apparatus being at a temperature of 0 to 30° C. and comprising (1) a frame which is distorted in a first way when the apparatus is subjected to shock from the first direction and in a second way when the apparatus is subjected to shock from the second direction and(2) one or more shock-absorbing SMA components each of which consists of a shape memory alloy (SMA),at least one of the SMA components being a single hollow member which (i) has a cross-section which defines a void within the member, and (ii) comprises an SMA which is a superelastic SMA in the temperature range 0 to 30° C.;said SMA shock-absorbing components being linked to the frame so that distortion of the frame in the first way distorts said hollow shock-absorbing member comprising a superelastic SMA by changing its cross-section in a first way, and distortion of the frame in the second way distorts said hollow shock-absorbing member comprising a superelastic SMA by changing its cross-section in the first way or in a second way;the apparatus being free from hydraulic and pneumatic fluids;the apparatus being constructed entirely of metal, andthe apparatus(i) being at a temperature of 0 to 30° C.,(ii) being constructed entirely of metal; andiii comprising a plurality of SMA shock-absorbing components arranged on opposite sides of a central member which is not subject to bending forces when the shock-absorbing components are deformed by shock.
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Placek ; deceased Vladimir (late of Oakville CAX by Anna Placek ; executrix), Bumper fascia and process to bond ionomers to metal.
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