This disclosure related to polymer electrolyte member fuel cells and components thereof.
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1. A polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell, comprising: an electrochemical package comprising a cathode, an anode, and a polymer membrane interposed between the cathode and the anode;a first and a second bipolar plate;an anode compartment disposed between the first bipolar plate and the anode of th
1. A polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell, comprising: an electrochemical package comprising a cathode, an anode, and a polymer membrane interposed between the cathode and the anode;a first and a second bipolar plate;an anode compartment disposed between the first bipolar plate and the anode of the electrochemical package; anda cathode compartment disposed between the second bipolar plate and the cathode of the electrochemical package, wherein at least one of the first bipolar plate and the second bipolar plate is a bipolar plate assembly comprising: a flat bipolar plate with a porous spacer attached to one side and a formed metal sheet attached to the other side, ortwo formed metal sheets attached to each other wherein the formed metal sheets provide open flowfields between the bipolar plate assemblies and the electrochemical packages; wherein the formed metal sheet(s) is a corrugated metal sheet comprising ridges and grooves, orthe formed metal sheet(s) comprises a plurality of protrusions,at least one of the anode compartment or the cathode compartment comprises an open flowfield,the electrochemical package is in direct contact with at least one of the bipolar plate assembly, the porous spacer, or one of the formed metal sheets, andto the extent present, the porous spacer(s) is chosen from a metal foam, a graphite foam, an expanded metal mesh, and a metal wire mesh. 2. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the first bipolar plate is a bipolar plate assembly, and the cathode compartment further comprises a porous spacer providing an open flowfield, wherein said porous spacer is chosen from a metal foam, a graphite foam, an expanded metal mesh, and a metal wire mesh. 3. The fuel cell of claim 2, wherein the first bipolar plate is in direct contact with the anode of the electrochemical package. 4. The fuel cell of claim 2, further comprising a porous spacer interposed between the first bipolar plate and the anode of the electrochemical package, wherein the porous spacer provides an open flowfield and is chosen from a metal foam, a graphite foam, an expanded metal mesh, and a metal wire mesh. 5. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the second bipolar plate is a bipolar plate assembly, and the anode compartment further comprises a porous spacer providing an open flowfield, wherein said porous spacer is chosen from a metal foam, a graphite foam, an expanded metal mesh, and a metal wire mesh. 6. The fuel cell of claim 5, wherein the second bipolar plate is in direct contact with the cathode of the electrochemical package. 7. The fuel cell of claim 5, further comprising a porous spacer interposed between the second bipolar plate and the cathode of the electrochemical package, wherein the porous spacer provides an open flowfield and is chosen from a metal foam, a graphite foam, an expanded metal mesh, and a metal wire mesh. 8. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the anode of the electrochemical package comprises an anode catalyst and a gas diffusion layer. 9. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the cathode of the electrochemical package comprises a cathode catalyst and a gas diffusion layer. 10. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein at least one of the formed metal sheets comprises a plurality of protrusions and a profile of a protrusion on a cross section perpendicular to the planar direction of the at least one of the formed metal sheets is curvilinear, or is composed of straight line segments, or is composed of one or more curves and one or more straight line segments. 11. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein at least one of the formed metal sheets comprises a plurality of protrusions and the height of the protrusion in the at least one of the formed metal sheets ranges from 0.1 - 3.0 mm. 12. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein at least one of the formed metal sheets comprises a plurality of protrusions and a density of the protrusions in the at least one of the formed metal sheets ranges from 5 and 400 protrusions per square centimeter. 13. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein at least one of the formed metal sheets comprises a plurality of protrusions and the density of the protrusions is uniform across the at least one of the formed metal sheets. 14. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein at least one of the formed metal sheets comprises a plurality of protrusions and the density of the protrusions varies across the at least one of the formed metal sheets. 15. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein, to the extent present, one or more of the formed metal sheets have a plurality of protrusions on one side of the metal sheet(s). 16. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein, to the extent present, one or more of the formed metal sheets have a plurality of protrusions on both sides of the metal sheet(s). 17. A fuel cell stack, comprising: a plurality of electrochemical packages, each comprising an anode, a cathode, and a polymer membrane interposed between the anode and the cathode;a plurality of bipolar plate assemblies wherein the bipolar plate assemblies comprise: a flat bipolar plate with a porous spacer attached to one side and a formed metal sheet attached to the other side, ortwo formed metal sheets attached to each other wherein the formed metal sheets provide open flowfields between the bipolar plate assemblies and the electrochemical packages,wherein the formed metal sheet(s) is a corrugated metal sheet comprising ridges and grooves, orthe formed metal sheet(s) comprises a plurality of protrusions;a plurality of anode compartments disposed between the bipolar plate assemblies and the anodes of the electrochemical packages; anda plurality of cathode compartments disposed between the bipolar plate assemblies and the cathodes of the electrochemical packages, wherein, the electrochemical packages and the bipolar plate assemblies are alternately stacked against each other so that an electrochemical package is interposed between two bipolar plate assemblies to form a fuel cell, anda bipolar plate assembly is interposed between two electrochemical packages, wherein,the electrochemical packages are in direct contact with at least one of the bipolar plate assemblies, the porous spacer, or one of the formed metal sheets,at least one of the anode compartment or the cathode compartment of the fuel cells comprises an open flowfield, andif present, the porous spacer(s) provide an open flowfield. 18. The fuel cell stack of claim 17, wherein the bipolar plate assemblies comprise a flat bipolar plate with a porous spacer attached to one side and the formed metal sheet attached to the other side, the porous spacer provides an open flowfield and is chosen from a metal foam, a graphite foam, an expanded metal mesh, and a metal wire mesh. 19. The fuel cell stack of claim 17, wherein the bipolar plate assemblies are formed by welding, brazing, adhesion, and mechanical pressuring. 20. The fuel cell stack of claim 17, wherein the bipolar plate assemblies comprise two formed metal sheets attached to each other wherein the formed metal sheets provide open flowfields between the bipolar plate assemblies and the electrochemical packages. 21. A polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell, comprising: an electrochemical package comprising a cathode, an anode, and a polymer membrane interposed between the anode and the cathode; anda bipolar plate assembly stacked against the electrochemical package providing an open flowfield therebetween, wherein the bipolar plate assembly comprises a flat bipolar plate with a porous spacer attached to one side and a formed metal sheet attached to the other side, wherein the formed metal sheet comprises ridges and grooves, protrusions and indentations, or channels,wherein the electrochemical package is in direct contact with the bipolar plate assembly, the formed metal sheet, or the porous spacer, andwherein, to the extent present, the porous spacer(s) is chosen from a metal foam, a graphite foam, an expanded metal mesh, and a metal wire mesh. 22. The fuel cell of claim 21, wherein the formed metal sheet of the bipolar plate assembly is in direct contact with the anode of the electrochemical package. 23. The fuel cell of claim 21, wherein the formed metal sheet of the bipolar plate assembly is in direct contact with the cathode of the electrochemical package.
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이 특허에 인용된 특허 (11)
Mikhail, Youssef M; Vyas, Gayatri, Approach to make a high performance membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for a PEM fuel cell.
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