초록 ▼

Provided are methods, devices and systems for controlled removal of thermal energy from a fluid within a thermally conducting metal conduit. The system allows for the in situ formation of a reversible plug that can stop the flow of fluid through the conduit, particularly without inducing thermally i

Provided are methods, devices and systems for controlled removal of thermal energy from a fluid within a thermally conducting metal conduit. The system allows for the in situ formation of a reversible plug that can stop the flow of fluid through the conduit, particularly without inducing thermally induced stress fractures or breaches in the conduit. The devices and systems include a thermal transfer device that can be adapted to be in thermal communication with a thermal conducting metal conduit containing a fluid, particularly a flowing fluid. The devices and systems allows for controlled re-heating of the conduit without inducing thermally induced stress fractures or breaches in the conduit to restore fluid flow through the conduit.

대표청구항 ▼

1. A cryo-thermodynamic valve device, comprising: a heat exchange unit, comprising: an inlet port for introducing a refrigerant;an outlet port for venting the refrigerant;a first conduit connectable to a pipeline transporting a hydrocarbon fluid, wherein the first conduit conveys the hydrocarbon flu

1. A cryo-thermodynamic valve device, comprising: a heat exchange unit, comprising: an inlet port for introducing a refrigerant;an outlet port for venting the refrigerant;a first conduit connectable to a pipeline transporting a hydrocarbon fluid, wherein the first conduit conveys the hydrocarbon fluid of the pipeline when connected to the pipeline;a second conduit having a diameter larger than a diameter of the first conduit, wherein: the second conduit encircles and is attached to the first conduit forming a cavity between the first conduit and the second conduit;the cavity contains or is filled with filings, turnings, shavings, pellets or beads of a thermally conductive material; andat least a portion of the filings, turnings, shavings, pellets or beads of a thermally conductive material are in thermal communication with the first conduit and the refrigerant as the refrigerant passes through the heat exchange unit; anda cryogen injector module, comprising: an injection port through which cryogen is injected; anda valve for controlling the flow of the cryogen through the injection port;wherein: the cryogen injector module is attached to the first conduit upstream of the heat exchange device and when activated injects cryogen into the hydrocarbon fluid conveyed in the first conduit. 2. The cryo-thermodynamic valve device of claim 1, further comprising an auxiliary injector device that introduces a material other than a cryogen into the hydrocarbon fluid, wherein the auxiliary injector device is positioned upstream of the cryogen injector module. 3. The cryo-thermodynamic valve device of claim 1, wherein the heat exchange unit further comprises one or more heating channels that traverse a portion of the length or the full length of the heat exchange unit, wherein: the heating channels are configured to contain a fluid; orthe heating channels comprise one or more than one heating unit. 4. The cryo-thermodynamic valve device of claim 3, wherein the heating unit is selected from among a Curie temperature heater, a temperature limited heater, a conductor-in-conduit heat source, a heater strip, a resistive heating strip, a Positive Thermal Coefficient ceramic heater, a thick film ceramic heater, a resistance wire and a resistance ribbon heating device. 5. The cryo-thermodynamic valve device of claim 1, wherein the thermally conductive material comprises copper, brass, beryllium, cadmium, cobalt, chrome nickel steel, gold, silver, iridium, iron, lead, magnesium, molybdenum, nickel, platinum, tin, zinc, carbon steel, stainless steel or any combination or alloy thereof. 6. The cryo-thermodynamic valve device of claim 1, further comprising thermally conducting fins attached to the exterior surface of the first conduit and extending into the cavity between the first conduit and the second conduit. 7. The cryo-thermodynamic valve device of claim 6, wherein: the fins are configured to have the same length; orthe fins are configured to have two or more different lengths. 8. The cryo-thermodynamic valve device of claim 6, wherein: (a) the fins are disposed radially along the pipe; or(b) the fins are disposed longitudinally along the pipe. 9. The cryo-thermodynamic valve device of claim 6, wherein the fins are notched or perforated or both. 10. A cryo-thermodynamic valve system for forming a plug in a thermally conducting conduit containing a hydrocarbon fluid, the system comprising: a cryo-thermodynamic valve device of claim 1 in thermal communication with the conduit;a refrigerant supply module connected to the heat exchange unit of the cryo-thermodynamic valve device of claim 1;a cryogen supply module connected to the cryogen injector module of the cryo-thermodynamic valve device of claim 1; anda control system to modulate the flow of a refrigerant from the refrigerant supply module to the heat exchange unit or the flow of cryogen from the cryogen supply module to the injector or both. 11. The system of claim 10, further comprising one or more components selected from among: a flow-control metering valve to modulate the flow of refrigerant through the heat exchange unit or the flow of cryogen to the cryogen injector unit or both;a thermal monitoring device;an auxiliary injector device for injecting a material other than a cryogen into the hydrocarbon fluid in the conduit;a computer module with a computer processor in communication with one or more of the components of the system; andan exhaust circuit, comprising: a vent tube adapted to vent the cryogen from the system after it has absorbed thermal energy from the conduit; ora recirculating circuit that directs the cryogen from the system after it has absorbed thermal energy from the conduit to a refrigeration system that removes the absorbed thermal energy from the cryogen and recirculates the cryogen back to the cryogen supply module. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the refrigerant supply module delivers a refrigerant comprising liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, liquid helium, liquid neon, liquid methane, liquid natural gas, liquid argon, liquid nitrous oxide, or liquid carbon dioxide or a combination thereof. 13. A method for temporarily preventing the flow of a hydrocarbon fluid in a pipeline, comprising activating a cryo-thermodynamic valve device of claim 1 attached to the pipeline, wherein the injection of cryogen into the hydrocarbon fluid and the heat exchange unit of the cryo-thermodynamic valve device remove sufficient thermal energy to cause the hydrocarbon fluid in the pipeline to form a plug that prevents hydrocarbon fluid from flowing through the pipeline. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein: the cryo-thermodynamic valve device attached to an intact pipeline is activated as an emergency shut off mechanism of the pipeline in case of failure or breach of the pipeline; orthe cryo-thermodynamic valve device attached to a breached or broken pipeline is activated as an emergency shut off mechanism. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the activating step comprises: injecting a cryogen through the injection port of the cryogen injector module into the hydrocarbon fluid in the pipeline; andintroducing a refrigerant into the heat exchange unit of the cryo-thermodynamic valve device, wherein thermal energy is extracted from the pipeline and the hydrocarbon fluid therein by flowing the refrigerant through the heat exchange unit and removing the warmed refrigerant from the heat exchange unit. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein: the cryogen is selected from among liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, liquid helium, liquid neon, liquid argon, liquid nitrous oxide, liquid carbon dioxide and combinations thereof; andthe refrigerant is selected from among liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, liquid helium, liquid neon, liquid argon, liquid nitrous oxide, liquid carbon dioxide and combinations thereof. 17. The method of claim 13, further comprising injecting a composition comprising a bridging fluid or surface active agent or a combination thereof into the hydrocarbon fluid in the pipeline prior to the hydrocarbon fluid entering the heat exchange unit of the cryo-thermodynamic valve device. 18. The method of claim 13, further comprising warming the heat exchange unit, thereby melting at least a portion of the plug to restore flow of hydrocarbon fluid in the pipeline. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the warming comprises application of thermal energy to the conduit in proximity to the frozen plug to form a channel through the plug through which liquid hydrocarbon fluid can flow without launching the frozen plug through the pipeline.