Apparatus, compositions, and methods of breaking fracturing fluids
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
C09K-008/60
E21B-043/22
E21B-043/16
E21B-043/26
C09K-008/68
출원번호
US-0079081
(2011-04-04)
등록번호
US-9012378
(2015-04-21)
발명자
/ 주소
Ekstrand, Barry
Zamora, Frank
Kakadjian, Sarkis R.
출원인 / 주소
Ekstrand, Barry
대리인 / 주소
Strozier, Robert W
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
0인용 특허 :
130
초록▼
Apparatus and compositions for reducing the viscosity of a gelled fluid is provided. In one embodiment, a viscosity reducing microbe is disposed in a capsule and added to the gelled fluid. The gelled fluid may include a thickening agent adapted to increase its viscosity. Upon release from the capsul
Apparatus and compositions for reducing the viscosity of a gelled fluid is provided. In one embodiment, a viscosity reducing microbe is disposed in a capsule and added to the gelled fluid. The gelled fluid may include a thickening agent adapted to increase its viscosity. Upon release from the capsule, the microbe begins to digest the thickening agent in the gelled fluid and/or releases enzymes that that breakdown the thickening agent.
대표청구항▼
1. A composition for reducing viscosity of a gelled fluid, comprising: a first amount of a capsule containing a viscosity reducing microbe disposed within the capsule, anda second amount of non-encapsulated viscosity reducing microbe,wherein the capsule is adapted to release the viscosity reducing m
1. A composition for reducing viscosity of a gelled fluid, comprising: a first amount of a capsule containing a viscosity reducing microbe disposed within the capsule, anda second amount of non-encapsulated viscosity reducing microbe,wherein the capsule is adapted to release the viscosity reducing microbe into the gelled fluid over time or in response to a change in a fluid property to release the microbes, where the first and second amounts are adjusted to produce a desired viscosity reduction profile, and where the microbes are selected from the group of hyperthermophilic bacteria and fungi. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the change in the fluid property includes changing a temperature of the fluid, exposing the fluid to an aqueous fluid, changing a pH of the fluid, changing a pressure exerted on the fluid, exposing the fluid to shear, exposing the fluid to an additive designed to remove or destroy the capsule, or a combination of some or all of these deencapsulating conditions. 3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the change in the fluid property comprises changing a temperature of the fluid to a temperature sufficient to remove or destroy the capsule. 4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the change in the fluid property comprises exposing the fluid to an aqueous fluid, where the aqueous fluid removes or destroys the capsule. 5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the change in the fluid property comprises changing a pH of the fluid to a pH sufficient to remove or destroy the capsule. 6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the change in the fluid property comprises changing a pressure to a pressure sufficient to remove or destroy the capsule. 7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the change in the fluid property comprises exposing the fluid to shear, where the shear is sufficient to remove or destroy the capsule. 8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the change in the fluid property comprises exposing the fluid to an additive designed to remove or destroy the capsule. 9. An composition for reducing viscosity of a gelled fluid, comprising: a first amount of an apparatus comprising: an outer shell, andan interior filled with a viscosity reducing microbe, anda second amount of non-encapsulated viscosity reducing microbe,where the outer shell is adapted to rupture in response to a change in a fluid property, where the first and second amounts are adjusted to produce a desired viscosity reduction profile, and where the microbes are selected from the group of hyperthermophilic bacteria and fungi. 10. The composition of claim 9, wherein the change in the fluid property includes changing a temperature of the fluid, exposing the fluid to an aqueous fluid, changing a pH of the fluid, changing a pressure exerted on the fluid, exposing the fluid to shear, exposing the fluid to an additive designed to remove or destroy the outer shell, or a combination of some or all of these deencapsulating conditions. 11. The composition of claim 9, wherein the change in the fluid property comprises changing a temperature of the fluid to a temperature sufficient to remove or destroy the outer shell. 12. The composition of claim 9, wherein the change in the fluid property comprises exposing the fluid to an aqueous fluid, where the aqueous fluid removes or destroys the outer shell. 13. The composition of claim 9, wherein the change in the fluid property comprises changing a pH of the fluid to a pH sufficient to remove or destroy the outer shell. 14. The composition of claim 9, wherein the change in the fluid property comprises changing a pressure to a pressure sufficient to remove or destroy the outer shell. 15. The composition of claim 9, wherein the change in the fluid property comprises exposing the fluid to shear, where the shear is sufficient to remove or destroy the outer shell. 16. The composition of claim 9, wherein the change in the fluid property comprises exposing the fluid to an additive designed to remove or destroy the outer shell. 17. A fluid composition for wellbore operations, comprising: an aqueous fluid;a fluid thickener;a first amount of an unecapsulated viscosity reducing microbe, anda second amount of a capsule containing a viscosity reducing microbe,where the capsule is designed to release the microbe in response to a change in a fluid property, where the first and second amounts are adjusted to produce a desired viscosity reduction profile, and where the microbes are selected from the group of hyperthermophilic bacteria and fungi. 18. The composition of claim 17, wherein the change in the fluid property includes changing a temperature of the fluid, exposing the fluid to an aqueous fluid, changing a pH of the fluid, changing a pressure, exposing the fluid to shear, exposing the fluid to an additive designed to remove or destroy the encapsulating agent, or a combination of some or all of these deencapsulating conditions. 19. The composition of claim 17, wherein the change in the fluid property comprises changing a temperature of the fluid to a temperature sufficient to remove or destroy the capsule. 20. The composition of claim 17, wherein the change in the fluid property comprises exposing the fluid to an aqueous fluid, where the aqueous fluid removes or destroys the capsule. 21. The composition of claim 17, wherein the change in the fluid property comprises changing a pH of the fluid to a pH sufficient to remove or destroy the capsule. 22. The composition of claim 17, wherein the change in the fluid property comprises changing a pressure to a pressure sufficient to remove or destroy the capsule. 23. The composition of claim 17, wherein the change in the fluid property comprises exposing the fluid to shear, where the shear is sufficient to remove or destroy the capsule. 24. The composition of claim 17, wherein the change in the fluid property comprises exposing the fluid to an additive designed to remove or destroy the capsule. 25. The composition of claim 1, wherein the hyperthermophilic bacteria are selected from the group consisting of Thermotogas bacteria, Bacillus bacteria, Citrobacter bacteria, and Enterococcus bacteria. 26. The composition of claim 1, wherein the microbes and fungi are selected from the group consisting of Thermotoga neapolitana, Thermotoga maritime, Bacillus subtilis, Citrobacter freundii, and Enterococcus faecalies, and Aspergillus niger. 27. The composition of claim 9, wherein the hyperthermophilic bacteria are selected from the group consisting of Thermotogas bacteria, Bacillus bacteria, Citrobacter bacteria, and Enterococcus bacteria. 28. The composition of claim 9, wherein the microbes and fungi are selected from the group consisting of Thermotoga neapolitana, Thermotoga maritime, Bacillus subtilis, Citrobacter freundii, and Enterococcus faecalies, and Aspergillus niger. 29. The composition of claim 17, wherein the hyperthermophilic bacteria are selected from the group consisting of Thermotogas bacteria, Bacillus bacteria, Citrobacter bacteria, and Enterococcus bacteria. 30. The composition of claim 17, wherein the microbes and fungi are selected from the group consisting of Thermotoga neapolitana, Thermotoga maritime, Bacillus subtilis, Citrobacter freundii, and Enterococcus faecalies, and Aspergillus niger.
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