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An exemplary printable composition of a liquid or gel suspension of diodes comprises a plurality of diodes, a first solvent and/or a viscosity modifier. An exemplary apparatus comprises: a plurality of diodes; at least a trace amount of a first solvent; and a polymeric or resin film at least partial

An exemplary printable composition of a liquid or gel suspension of diodes comprises a plurality of diodes, a first solvent and/or a viscosity modifier. An exemplary apparatus comprises: a plurality of diodes; at least a trace amount of a first solvent; and a polymeric or resin film at least partially surrounding each diode of the plurality of diodes. Various exemplary diodes have a lateral dimension between about 10 to 50 microns and about 5 to 25 microns in height. Other embodiments may also include a plurality of substantially chemically inert particles having a range of sizes between about 10 to about 50 microns.

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1. An apparatus comprising: a plurality of diodes, each diode of the plurality of diodes comprising:a light emitting or absorbing region having a lateral dimension between 20 microns to 30 microns and a height between 2.5 to 7 microns;a first terminal coupled to the light emitting or absorbing regio

1. An apparatus comprising: a plurality of diodes, each diode of the plurality of diodes comprising:a light emitting or absorbing region having a lateral dimension between 20 microns to 30 microns and a height between 2.5 to 7 microns;a first terminal coupled to the light emitting or absorbing region on a first side, the first terminal having a height between 1 to 6 microns; anda second terminal coupled to the light emitting or absorbing region on a second side opposite the first side, the second terminal having a height between 1 to 6 microns;wherein each diode of the plurality of diodes is substantially hexagonal laterally, has a lateral dimension between 10 to 50 microns measured opposing face-to-face, and a height between 5 to 25 microns;one or more first conductors coupled to a first plurality of first terminals of the plurality of diodes;a first dielectric layer coupled to the one or more first conductors; andone or more second conductors coupled to a first plurality of second terminals of the plurality of diodes. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a film substantially surrounding each diode of the plurality of diodes, the film comprising a polymer or a resin and having a thickness between 10 nm to 300 nm. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the film comprises a methylcellulose resin. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the film comprises a cured, polymerized or dried viscosity modifier selected from the group consisting of: clays; saccharides; polysaccharides; celluloses; modified celluloses; polymers and copolymers; glycols; fumed silica, silica powders; modified ureas; and mixtures thereof. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising at least a trace amount of a first solvent, wherein the first solvent comprises at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of: water; alcohols; ethers; esters; glycols; carbonates; glycerols; acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethyl formamide (DMF), N-methyl formamide (NMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); and mixtures thereof. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising at least a trace amount of a second solvent different from the first solvent, wherein the second solvent is at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of: water; alcohols; ethers; esters; glycols; carbonates; glycerols; acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethyl formamide (DMF), N-methyl formamide (NMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); and mixtures thereof. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each diode of the plurality of diodes has a lateral dimension between 20 to 30 microns and a height between 5 to 15 microns. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a plurality of substantially optically transparent and chemically inert particles, each inert particle of the plurality of substantially optically transparent and chemically inert particles between 10 to 50 microns. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the light emitting or absorbing region of each diode of the plurality of diodes is substantially hexagonal, square, triangular, rectangular, lobed, stellate, or toroidal. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the light emitting or absorbing region of each diode of the plurality of diodes has a surface texture selected from the group consisting of: a plurality of circular rings, a plurality of substantially curvilinear trapezoids, a plurality of parallel stripes, a stellate pattern, and mixtures thereof. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first and second terminals of each diode of the plurality of diodes are each comprised of one or more metals or metal alloys. 12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first and second terminals of each diode of the plurality of diodes are each comprised of a conductor. 13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each diode of the plurality of diodes is 20 to 30 microns in lateral dimension measured opposing face-to-face, and is 5 to 15 microns in height. 14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the lateral sides of each diode of the plurality of diodes are less than 10 microns in height. 15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the lateral sides of each diode of the plurality of diodes are between 2.5 to 6 microns in height. 16. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the lateral sides of each diode of the plurality of diodes are substantially sigmoidal and terminate in a curved point. 17. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each diode of the plurality of diodes comprises at least one inorganic semiconductor selected from the group consisting of: silicon, gallium arsenide (GaAs), gallium nitride (GaN), GaP, InAlGaP, AlInGaAs, InGaNAs, and AlInGaSb. 18. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one diode of the plurality of diodes has a first terminal coupled to at least one second conductor and a second terminal coupled to at least one first conductor. 19. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each diode of a second plurality of diodes has a first terminal coupled to at least one second conductor and a second terminal coupled to at least one first conductor. 20. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: an interface circuit coupled to the one or more first conductors and to the one or more second conductors, the interface circuit further couplable to a power source or power supply. 21. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more first conductors comprise: first electrode comprising a first busbar and a first plurality of elongated conductors extending from the first busbar, wherein the first busbar or the first plurality of elongated conductors are coupled to the first plurality of first terminals of the plurality of diodes; anda second electrode comprising a second busbar and a second plurality of elongated conductors extending from the second busbar. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the second plurality of elongated conductors are interdigitated with the first plurality of elongated conductors. 23. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the one or more second conductors are further coupled to the second plurality of elongated conductors. 24. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first dielectric layer is between the one or more first conductors and the one or more second conductors, and has a thickness between 1 to 7 microns. 25. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a barrier layer coupled to the dielectric layer and to the one or more second conductors, wherein the barrier layer comprises a cured, dried or polymerized viscosity modifier selected from the group consisting of: clays; saccharides; polysaccharides; celluloses; modified celluloses; polymers and copolymers; glycols; fumed silica, silica powders; modified ureas; and mixtures thereof. 26. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a substantially optically transmissive base wherein the base coupled to the plurality of diodes on a first side; anda phosphor layer coupled to the base on the second side. 27. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a substantially optically transmissive base coupled to the plurality of diodes on a first side;a first phosphor layer coupled over the one or more second conductors; anda second phosphor layer coupled to the base on the second side;wherein the one or more second conductors are substantially optically transmissive. 28. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a substantially optically transmissive base coupled to the one or more first conductors on a first side;a first phosphor layer coupled over the one or more second conductors; anda second phosphor layer coupled to the base on the second side:wherein the one or more first conductors and the one or more second conductors are substantially optically transmissive. 29. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a substantially flat base, and wherein a mean concentration of the plurality of diodes is from 25 diodes to 50,000 diodes per square centimeter of the base. 30. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: one or more third conductors coupled to the one or more first conductors or to the one or more second conductors; anda second dielectric layer coupled to the one or more third conductors. 31. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is flexible, foldable and bendable. 32. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is die cut and folded into a selected shape. 33. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus has an average surface area concentration of the plurality of diodes from 25 to 50,000 diodes per square centimeter. 34. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of diodes are light emitting diodes, and wherein the apparatus is adapted, when operative, to emit light in an amount of at least 10 lumens per watt of power consumed. 35. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of diodes are light emitting diodes, wherein density of the plurality of diodes is 25 to 100 diodes per square centimeter, and wherein a surface temperature of the apparatus when operative is less than 100° C. 36. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of diodes are light emitting diodes, wherein a density of the plurality of diodes is 25 to 100 diodes per square centimeter, and wherein a surface temperature of the apparatus when operative is less than 70° C. 37. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of diodes are light emitting diodes, and wherein the apparatus is adapted, when operative, to emit light in an amount of at least 60 lumens per watt of power consumed. 38. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the light emitting or absorbing region of each diode of the plurality of diodes has a surface texture. 39. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first and second terminals of each diode of the plurality of diodes are electrically conductive. 40. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first and second terminals of each diode of the plurality of diodes provide ohmic contacts to the light emitting or absorbing region. 41. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more first conductors are comprised of a substantially optically transparent conductor. 42. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the substantially optically transparent conductor comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting essentially of indium tin oxide (ITO), antimony tin oxide (ATO), polyethylene-dioxithiophene, and combinations or mixtures thereof. 43. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more second conductors are comprised of a substantially optically transparent conductor. 44. The apparatus of claim 43, wherein the substantially optically transparent conductor comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting essentially of: indium tin oxide (ITO), antimony tin oxide (ATO), polyethylene-dioxithiophene, and combinations or mixtures thereof. 45. An apparatus comprising: a plurality of diodes, each diode of the plurality of diodes comprising: a light emitting or absorbing region having a lateral dimension between 10 microns to 40 microns and a height between 2 to 7 microns;a first terminal coupled to the light emitting or absorbing region on a first side, the first terminal having a height less than 6 microns; anda second terminal coupled to the light emitting or absorbing region on a second side opposite the first side, the second terminal having a height less than 6 microns;wherein each diode of the plurality of diodes is substantially hexagonal laterally, has a lateral dimension between 10 to 50 microns measured opposing face-to-face, and a height between 5 to 25 microns;one or more first conductors coupled to a first plurality of first terminals of the plurality of diodes;a first dielectric layer coupled to the one or more first conductors; andone or more second conductors coupled to a first plurality of second terminals of the plurality of diodes. 46. The apparatus of claim 45, further comprising a film substantially surrounding each diode of the plurality of diodes, the film comprising a polymer or a resin and having a thickness between 10 nm to 300 nm. 47. The apparatus of claim 46, wherein the film comprises a methylcellulose resin. 48. The apparatus of claim 46, wherein the film comprises a cured, polymerized or dried viscosity modifier selected from the group consisting of: clays; saccharides; polysaccharides; celluloses; modified celluloses; polymers and copolymers; glycols; fumed silica, silica powders; modified ureas; and mixtures thereof. 49. The apparatus of claim 45, further comprising at least a trace amount of a first solvent, wherein the first solvent comprises at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of: water; alcohols; ethers; esters; glycols; carbonates; glycerols; acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethyl formamide (DMF), N-methyl formamide (NMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); and mixtures thereof. 50. The apparatus of claim 49, further comprising at least a trace amount of a second solvent different from the first solvent, wherein the second solvent is at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of: water; alcohols; ethers; esters; glycols; carbonates; glycerols; acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethyl formamide (DMF), N-methyl formamide (NMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); and mixtures thereof. 51. The apparatus of claim 45, wherein each diode of the plurality of diodes has a lateral dimension between 20 to 30 microns and a height between 5 to 15 microns. 52. The apparatus of claim 45, further comprising: a plurality of substantially optically transparent and chemically inert particles, each inert particle of the plurality of substantially optically transparent and chemically inert particles between 10 to 50 microns. 53. The apparatus of claim 45, wherein the light emitting or absorbing region of each diode of the plurality of diodes is substantially hexagonal, square, triangular, rectangular, lobed, stellate, or toroidal. 54. The apparatus of claim 45, wherein the light emitting or absorbing region of each diode of the plurality of diodes has a surface texture. 55. The apparatus of claim 45, wherein the light emitting or absorbing region of each diode of the plurality of diodes has a surface texture selected from the group consisting of: a plurality of circular rings, a plurality of substantially curvilinear trapezoids, a plurality of parallel stripes, a stellate pattern, and mixtures thereof. 56. The apparatus of claim 45, wherein the first and second terminals of each diode of the plurality of diodes are comprised of one or more metals or metal alloys. 57. The apparatus of claim 45, wherein the first and second terminals of each diode of the plurality of diodes are electrically conductive. 58. The apparatus of claim 45, wherein the first and second terminals of each diode of the plurality of diodes are each comprised of one or more electrically conductive compounds. 59. The apparatus of claim 45, wherein the first and second terminals of each diode of the plurality of diodes provide ohmic contacts to the light emitting or absorbing region. 60. The apparatus of claim 45, wherein each diode of the plurality of diodes is 20 to 30 microns in lateral dimension measured opposing face-to-face, and is 5 to 15 microns in height. 61. The apparatus of claim 45, wherein the lateral sides of each diode of the plurality of diodes are less than 10 microns in height. 62. The apparatus of claim 45, wherein the lateral sides of each diode of the plurality of diodes are between 2.5 to 6 microns in height. 63. The apparatus of claim 45, wherein the lateral sides of each diode of the plurality of diodes are substantially sigmoidal and terminate in a curved point. 64. The apparatus of claim 45, wherein each diode of the plurality of diodes comprises at least one inorganic semiconductor selected from the group consisting of: silicon, gallium arsenide (GaAs), gallium nitride (GaN), GaP, InAIGaP, AlInGaAs, InGaNAs, and AlInGaSb. 65. The apparatus of claim 45, wherein at least one diode of the plurality of diodes has a first terminal coupled to at least one second conductor and a second terminal coupled to at least one first conductor. 66. The apparatus of claim 45, wherein each diode of a second plurality of diodes has a first terminal coupled to at least one second conductor and a second terminal coupled to at least one first conductor. 67. The apparatus of claim 45, further comprising: an interface circuit coupled to the one or more first conductors and to the one or more second conductors, the interface circuit further couplable to a power source or power supply. 68. The apparatus of claim 45, wherein the one or more first conductors comprise: a first electrode comprising a first busbar and a first plurality of elongated conductors extending from the first busbar, wherein the first busbar or the first plurality of elongated conductors are coupled to the first plurality of first terminals of the plurality of diodes, anda second electrode comprising a second busbar and a second plurality of elongated conductors extending from the second busbar. 69. The apparatus of claim 68, wherein the second plurality of elongated conductors are interdigitated with the first plurality of elongated conductors. 70. The apparatus of claim 68, wherein the one or more second conductors are further coupled to the second plurality of elongated conductors. 71. The apparatus of claim 45, wherein the first dielectric layer is between the one or more first conductors and the one or more second conductors, and has a thickness between 1 to 7 microns. 72. The apparatus of claim 45, further comprising: a barrier layer coupled to the dielectric layer and to the one or more second conductors, wherein the barrier layer comprises a cured, dried or polymerized viscosity modifier selected from the group consisting of: clays; saccharides; polysaccharides; celluloses; modified celluloses; polymers and copolymers; glycols; fumed silica, silica powders; modified ureas; and mixtures thereof. 73. The apparatus of claim 45, further comprising: a substantially optically transmissive base coupled to the plurality of diodes on a first side; anda phosphor layer coupled to the base on the second side. 74. The apparatus of claim 45, further comprising: a substantially optically transmissive base coupled to the plurality of diodes on a first side;a first phosphor layer coupled over the one or more second conductors; anda second phosphor layer coupled to the base on the second side;wherein the one or more second conductors are substantially optically transmissive. 75. The apparatus of claim 45, further comprising: a substantially optically transmissive base coupled to the one or more first conductors on a first side;a first phosphor layer coupled over the one or more second conductors; anda second phosphor layer coupled to the base on the second side;wherein the one or more first conductors and the one or more second conductors are substantially optically transmissive. 76. The apparatus of claim 45, further comprising: one or more third conductors coupled to the one or more first conductors or to the one or more second conductors; anda second dielectric layer coupled to the one or more third conductors. 77. The apparatus of claim 45, wherein the one or more first conductors are comprised of a substantially optically transparent conductor. 78. The apparatus of claim 77, wherein the substantially optically transparent conductor comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting essentially of: indium tin oxide (ITO), antimony tin oxide (ATO), polyethylene-dioxithiophene, and combinations or mixtures thereof. 79. The apparatus of claim 45, wherein the one or more second conductors are comprised of a substantially optically transparent conductor. 80. The apparatus of claim 79, wherein the substantially optically transparent conductor comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting essentially of: indium tin oxide (ITO), antimony tin oxide (ATO), polyethylene-dioxithiophene, and combinations or mixtures thereof. 81. The apparatus of claim 45, wherein the apparatus is flexible, foldable and bendable. 82. The apparatus of claim 45, wherein the apparatus is die cut and folded into a selected shape. 83. An apparatus comprising: a substantially optically transmissive base;a plurality of diodes, each diode of the plurality of diodes comprising: a light emitting or absorbing region having a lateral dimension between 10 microns to 50 microns and a height between 2 to 7 microns;a first terminal coupled to the light emitting or absorbing region on a first side, the first terminal having a height less than about 6 microns; anda second terminal coupled to the light emitting or absorbing region on a second side opposite the first side, the second terminal having a height less than 6 microns;wherein each diode of the plurality of diodes is substantially hexagonal laterally, has a lateral dimension between 10 to 50 microns measured opposing face-to-face, and a height between 5 to 25 microns; andwherein each diode of the plurality of diodes comprises at least one inorganic semiconductor selected from the group consisting of: silicon, gallium arsenide (GaAs), gallium nitride (GaN), GaP, InAIGaP, AlInGaAs, InGaNAs, and AlInGaSb;a plurality of substantially optically transparent and chemically inert particles, each inert particle of the plurality of substantially optically transparent and chemically inert particles between 10 to 50 microns;one or more first conductors coupled to a first plurality of first terminals of the plurality of diodes;a first dielectric layer coupled to the one or more first conductors; andone or more second conductors coupled to a first plurality of second terminals of the plurality of diodes. 84. A lighting apparatus comprising: a flexible base having an adhesive on a first side;a plurality of first conductors coupled to the base;a plurality of light emitting diodes distributed substantially randomly and in parallel on a first conductor of the plurality of first conductors, at least some of the plurality of light emitting diodes having a first, forward-bias orientation and at least one of the plurality of light emitting diodes having a second, reverse-bias orientation;at least one second conductor coupled to the plurality of diodes and coupled to a second conductor of the plurality of first conductors;a luminescent layer coupled to the at least one second conductor or an intervening stabilization layer;a protective coating coupled to the luminescent layer;an electrical interface coupled to the plurality of first conductors; andoptionally a power source couplable to the electrical interface. 85. The lighting apparatus of claim 84, further comprising: a polymer or resin lattice coupled to the plurality of light emitting diodes. 86. The lighting apparatus of claim 84, wherein the apparatus emits light in an amount of at least about 10 lm/W. 87. The lighting apparatus of claim 84, wherein the plurality of light emitting diodes comprise an average particle size of from about 20 microns to about 30 microns in diameter. 88. The lighting apparatus of claim 84, wherein the base is selected from the group consisting of: flexible materials, porous materials, permeable materials, transparent materials, translucent materials, opaque materials and mixtures thereof. 89. The lighting apparatus of claim 84, wherein the base is selected from the group consisting of: plastics, polymer materials, natural rubber, synthetic rubber, natural fabrics, synthetic fabrics, glass, ceramics, silicon-derived materials, silica-derived materials, concrete, stone, extruded polyolefinic films, polymeric nonwovens, cellulosic paper, and mixtures thereof. 90. The lighting apparatus of claim 84, wherein the base is sufficient to provide electrical insulation and wherein the protective coating forms a weatherproof) seal. 91. The lighting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus has an average surface area concentration of the plurality of light emitting diodes from about 5 to 10,000 diodes per square centimeter. 92. The lighting apparatus of claim 84, wherein the electrical interface comprises at least one interface selected from the group consisting of: ES, E27, SES, E14, Ll, PL—2 pin, PL—4 pin, G9 halogen capsule, G4 halogen capsule, GU10, GU5.3, bayonet, and small bayonet. 93. The lighting apparatus of claim 84, further comprising a composition selected from the group consisting of: a. a first composition comprising: a plurality of diodes; a first solvent; and a viscosity modifier;b. a second composition comprising: a plurality of diodes; and a viscosity modifier;c. a third composition comprising: a plurality of diodes; a first solvent; a second solvent; and a viscosity modifier;d. a fourth composition comprising: a plurality of diodes; and a wetting solvent;e. a fifth composition comprising: a plurality of diodes; and an adhesive viscosity modifier;f. a sixth composition comprising: a plurality of diodes; a first solvent comprising N-propanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, or cyclohexanol; a viscosity modifier comprising methoxyl cellulose or hydroxypropyl cellulose resin; a second, nonpolar resin solvent;g. a seventh composition comprising: a plurality of diodes; a first solvent comprising N-propanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, or cyclohexanol; a viscosity modifier comprising of methoxyl cellulose or hydroxypropyl cellulose resin; and a dibasic ester;h. an eighth composition comprising: a plurality of diodes; N-propanol; methoxyl cellulose resin; and dimethyl glutarate;i. a ninth composition comprising: a plurality of diodes; N-propanol; hydroxypropyl cellulose resin; and dimethyl glutarate;j. a tenth composition comprising: a plurality of diodes; N-propanol; methoxyl cellulose resin or hydroxypropyl cellulose resin; dimethyl glutarate; and dimethyl succinate; andk. mixtures thereof. 94. The lighting apparatus of claim 84, further comprising a composition selected from the group consisting of: a. a first composition comprising: a plurality of diodes; a first solvent; and a viscosity modifier;b. a second composition comprising: a plurality of diodes; and a viscosity modifier;c. a third composition comprising: a plurality of diodes; a first solvent; a second solvent; and a viscosity modifier;d. a fourth composition comprising: a plurality of diodes; and a wetting solvent;e. a fifth composition comprising: a plurality of diodes; and an adhesive viscosity modifier;f. a sixth composition comprising: a plurality of diodes; a first solvent comprising N-propanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, or cyclohexanol; a viscosity modifier comprising methoxyl cellulose or hydroxypropyl cellulose resin; a second, nonpolar resin solvent;g. a seventh composition comprising: a plurality of diodes; a first solvent comprising N-propanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, or cyclohexanol; a viscosity modifier comprising of methoxyl cellulose or hydroxypropyl cellulose resin; and a dibasic ester;h. an eighth composition comprising: a plurality of diodes; N-propanol; methoxyl cellulose resin; and dimethyl glutarate;i. a ninth composition comprising: a plurality of diodes; N-propanol; hydroxypropyl cellulose resin; and dimethyl glutarate;j. a tenth composition comprising: a plurality of diodes; N-propanol; methoxyl cellulose resin or hydroxypropyl cellulose resin; dimethyl glutarate; and dimethyl succinate; andk. mixtures thereof. 95. A lighting apparatus comprising: a translucent or transparent housing;an electrical interface coupled to the housing and couplable to a power source;a base;a plurality of first conductors coupled to the base and coupled to the electrical interface;a plurality of light emitting diodes distributed substantially randomly and in parallel on a first conductor of the plurality of first conductors, at least some of the plurality of light emitting diodes having a first, forward-bias orientation and at least one of the plurality of light emitting diodes having a second, reverse-bias orientation;at least one second conductor coupled to the plurality of diodes and coupled to a second conductor of the plurality of first conductors;a luminescent layer coupled to the at least one second conductor or an intervening stabilization layer; anda protective coating coupled to the luminescent layer. 96. The lighting apparatus of claim 95, further comprising: a polymer or resin lattice coupled to the plurality of light emitting diodes. 97. The lighting apparatus of claim 95, wherein the apparatus emits light in an amount of at least about 10 lm/W. 98. The lighting apparatus of claim 95, wherein the plurality of light emitting diodes comprise an average particle size of from about 20 microns to about 30 microns in diameter. 99. The lighting apparatus of claim 95, wherein the base is selected from the group consisting of of flexible materials, porous materials, permeable materials, transparent materials, translucent materials, opaque materials and mixtures thereof. 100. The lighting apparatus of claim 95, wherein the base is selected from the group consisting of: plastics, polymer materials, natural rubber, synthetic rubber, natural fabrics, synthetic fabrics, glass, ceramics, silicon-derived materials, silica-derived materials, concrete, stone, extruded polyolefinic films, polymeric nonwovens, cellulosic paper, and mixtures thereof. 101. The lighting apparatus of claim 95, wherein the base is sufficient to provide electrical insulation. 102. The lighting apparatus of claim 95, wherein the protective coating forms a weatherproof seal. 103. The lighting apparatus of claim 95, wherein the apparatus has an average surface area concentration of the plurality of light emitting diodes from about 5 to 10,000diodes per square centimeter. 104. The lighting apparatus of claim 95, wherein the electrical interface comprises at least one interface selected from the group consisting of: ES, E27, SES, E14, Ll, PL—2 pin, PL—4 pin, G9 halogen capsule, G4 halogen capsule, GU10, GU5.3, bayonet, and small bayonet. 105. The lighting apparatus of claim 95, wherein the housing has a size adapted to fit into a user's hand.