Protective and precipitation layers for PEM fuel cell
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
H01M-004/36
H01M-004/92
H01M-008/10
출원번호
US-0863159
(2008-01-03)
등록번호
US-9023551
(2015-05-05)
국제출원번호
PCT/US2008/050075
(2008-01-03)
§371/§102 date
20100715
(20100715)
국제공개번호
WO2009/085327
(2009-07-09)
발명자
/ 주소
Burlatsky, Sergei F.
Cipollini, Ned E.
Condit, David A.
Madden, Thomas H.
Motupally, Sathya
Protsailo, Lesia V.
Patterson, Timothy W.
Chen, Lei
Gummalla, Mallika
출원인 / 주소
Ballard Power Systems Inc.
대리인 / 주소
Seed IP Law Group PLLC
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
0인용 특허 :
10
초록▼
A membrane electrode assembly is provided which includes an anode; a cathode; a membrane between the anode and the cathode; and a protective layer between the membrane and at least one electrode of the anode and the cathode, the protective layer having a layer of ionomer material containing a cataly
A membrane electrode assembly is provided which includes an anode; a cathode; a membrane between the anode and the cathode; and a protective layer between the membrane and at least one electrode of the anode and the cathode, the protective layer having a layer of ionomer material containing a catalyst, the layer having a porosity of between 0 and 10%, an ionomer content of between 50 and 80% vol., a catalyst content of between 10 and 50% vol., and an electrical connectivity between catalyst particles of between 35 and 75%. A configuration using a precipitation layer to prevent migration of catalyst ions is also provided.
대표청구항▼
1. A membrane electrode assembly, comprising: an anode;a cathode;a membrane between the anode and the cathode; anda protective layer between the membrane and at least one electrode of the anode and the cathode, the protective layer comprising a layer of ionomer material containing a catalyst, the la
1. A membrane electrode assembly, comprising: an anode;a cathode;a membrane between the anode and the cathode; anda protective layer between the membrane and at least one electrode of the anode and the cathode, the protective layer comprising a layer of ionomer material containing a catalyst, the layer having a porosity of between 0 and 10%, an ionomer content of between 50 and 80% vol., a catalyst content of between 10 and 50% vol., and an electrical connectivity between catalyst particles of between 35 and 75%, and further wherein the layer has a thickness of less than or equal to about 5 μm, andwherein the catalyst is supported on carbon having a surface area of less than 250 m2/g and has an active metal catalyst surface area of less than 10 m2/g. 2. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the protective layer has a porosity of <3%, an ionomer content of 75% vol., a catalyst content of 25% vol., and an electrical connectivity between catalyst particles of 70%. 3. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the layer is hydrophilic. 4. A membrane electrode assembly, comprising: an anode;a cathode;a membrane between the anode and the cathode; anda protective layer between the membrane and at least one electrode of the anode and the cathode, the protective layer comprising a layer of ionomer material containing a catalyst, the layer having a porosity of between 0 and 10%, an ionomer content of between 50 and 80% vol., a catalyst content of between 10 and 50% vol., and an electrical connectivity between catalyst particles of between 35 and 75%, and further wherein the layer has a thickness of less than or equal to about 5 μm, andwherein the catalyst is an un-supported catalyst having an active metal catalyst surface area of between 3 and 30 m2/g. 5. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the catalyst comprises a platinum alloy. 6. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the catalyst comprises a binary or ternary platinum alloy. 7. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the catalyst comprises: a binary alloy having the formula PtxY1-x, where Y can be Co, Ni, V, Cu, Fe, Cr, Pd, Ti, W, Al, Ag, and/or Cu, and x can range from 0.1 to 0.9;xMyY1-x-y, where M can be Ir, Rh, Co, and/or Ni, Y can be Co, Ni, V, Cu, Fe, Cr, Pd, Ti, W, Al, Ag, and/or Cu, and x and y can range from 0.1 to 0.9, wherein the catalyst is supported on carbon. 8. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the catalyst comprises a platinum-cobalt binary alloy. 9. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the catalyst comprises a platinum-iridium-cobalt ternary alloy. 10. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the catalyst comprises functionalized carbon. 11. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the catalyst comprises carbon selected from the group consisting of furnace blacks, acetylene blacks, active carbons, natural or synthetic graphite, pulverized glassy carbon, carbon fibers and mixtures thereof. 12. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the catalyst has greater lateral gas permeability than through-plane gas permeability. 13. The assembly of claim 12, wherein the protective layer comprises electrically conductive platelet structures. 14. The assembly of claim 12, wherein the protective layer comprises electrically conductive nanotube structures. 15. The assembly of claim 12, wherein the protective layer comprises electrically conductive nanofiber structures. 16. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the catalyst or catalyst support is a mixed ion conductor. 17. The assembly of claim 16 where the mixed ion conductor is a bronze material. 18. The assembly of claim 17, wherein the bronze material is a tungsten bronze. 19. The assembly of claim 18, wherein the tungsten bronze comprises sodium tungsten bronze. 20. The assembly of claim 16, wherein the mixed ion conductor is selected from the group consisting of pthalocyanines, metal doped phthalocyanines and combinations thereof. 21. The assembly of claim 16, wherein the mixed ion conductor is selected from the group consisting of phosphotungstic acid, phosphozirconic acid and combinations thereof. 22. The assembly of claim 16, wherein the mixed ion conductor is catalyzed with platinum, gold or mixtures thereof. 23. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the catalyst or catalyst support comprises a resistive material. 24. The assembly of claim 23, wherein the resistive material is selected from the group consisting of cubic oxides, perovskites, pthalocyanines, metal doped phthalocyanines, fluorite structures, and combinations thereof. 25. The assembly of claim 23, wherein the resistive material is catalyzed with platinum, gold or mixtures thereof. 26. The assembly of claim 1, further comprising an ionomer isolation layer between the at least one electrode and the protective layer, where the electrode and the underlayer are connected at discrete locations throughout the layer. 27. The assembly of claim 26, wherein the at least one electrode, the isolation layer and the protective layer define, in combination, a composite electrode structure. 28. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one electrode is the cathode. 29. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the protective layer has a thickness, and wherein the catalyst includes large particles having a particle size which is between 60 and 90% of the thickness of the protective layer. 30. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the protective layer has a thickness, and wherein the catalyst includes large particles having a particle size which is between 65 and 75% of the thickness of the protective layer. 31. The assembly of claim 29, wherein the large particles constitute less than 20% of a total weight of the catalyst in the protective layer. 32. The assembly of claim 29, wherein the large particles constitute between 5 and 20% of a total weight of the catalyst in the protective layer. 33. The assembly of claim 29, wherein the large particles constitute between 7 and 12% of a total weight of the catalyst in the protective layer. 34. A membrane electrode assembly, comprising: an anode;a cathode;a membrane between the anode and the cathode; anda protective layer between the membrane and at least one electrode of the anode and the cathode, the protective layer comprising a layer of ionomer material containing a catalyst, wherein the layer has a porosity of between 0 and 10%, an ionomer content of between 50 and 80% vol., a catalyst content of between 10 and 50% vol., wherein the layer has a thickness of less than or equal to about 5 μm, wherein the layer is selectively positioned in areas of the assembly, and wherein the catalyst is supported on carbon having a surface area of less than 250 m2/g and has an active metal catalyst surface area of less than 10 m2/g. 35. The assembly of claim 4, wherein the protective layer has a porosity of <3%, an ionomer content of 75% vol., a catalyst content of 25% vol., and an electrical connectivity between catalyst particles of 70%. 36. The assembly of claim 4, wherein the layer is hydrophilic. 37. The assembly of claim 4, wherein the catalyst comprises a platinum alloy. 38. The assembly of claim 4, wherein the catalyst comprises a binary or ternary platinum alloy. 39. The assembly of claim 4, wherein the catalyst comprises: a binary alloy having the formula PtxY1-x, where Y can be Co, Ni, V, Cu, Fe, Cr, Pd, Ti, W, Al, Ag, and/or Cu, and x can range from 0.1 to 0.9;or a ternary alloy having the formula PtxMyY1-x-y, where M can be Ir, Rh, Co, and/or Ni, Y can be Co, Ni, V, Cu, Fe, Cr, Pd, Ti, W, Al, Ag, and/or Cu, and x and y can range from 0.1 to 0.9. 40. The assembly of claim 4, wherein the catalyst comprises a platinum-cobalt binary alloy. 41. The assembly of claim 4, wherein the catalyst comprises a platinum-iridium-cobalt ternary alloy. 42. The assembly of claim 4, wherein the catalyst comprises functionalized carbon. 43. The assembly of claim 4, wherein the catalyst comprises carbon selected from the group consisting of furnace blacks, acetylene blacks, active carbons, natural or synthetic graphite, pulverized glassy carbon, carbon fibers and mixtures thereof. 44. The assembly of claim 4, wherein the catalyst has greater lateral gas permeability than through-plane gas permeability. 45. The assembly of claim 44, wherein the protective layer comprises electrically conductive platelet structures. 46. The assembly of claim 44, wherein the protective layer comprises electrically conductive nanotube structures. 47. The assembly of claim 44, wherein the protective layer comprises electrically conductive nanofiber structures. 48. The assembly of claim 4, wherein the catalyst or catalyst support is a mixed ion conductor. 49. The assembly of claim 48 where the mixed ion conductor is a bronze material. 50. The assembly of claim 49, wherein the bronze material is a tungsten bronze. 51. The assembly of claim 50, wherein the tungsten bronze comprises sodium tungsten bronze. 52. The assembly of claim 48, wherein the mixed ion conductor is selected from the group consisting of pthalocyanines, metal doped phthalocyanines and combinations thereof. 53. The assembly of claim 48, wherein the mixed ion conductor is selected from the group consisting of phosphotungstic acid, phosphozirconic acid and combinations thereof. 54. The assembly of claim 4, wherein the catalyst or catalyst support comprises a resistive material. 55. The assembly of claim 54, wherein the resistive material is selected from the group consisting of cubic oxides, perovskites, pthalocyanines, metal doped phthalocyanines, fluorite structures, and combinations thereof. 56. The assembly of claim 4, further comprising an ionomer isolation layer between the at least one electrode and the protective layer, where the electrode and the underlayer are connected at discrete locations throughout the layer. 57. The assembly of claim 56, wherein the at least one electrode, the isolation layer and the protective layer define, in combination, a composite electrode structure. 58. The assembly of claim 4, wherein the at least one electrode is the cathode. 59. The assembly of claim 4, wherein the protective layer has a thickness, and wherein the catalyst includes large particles having a particle size which is between 60 and 90% of the thickness of the protective layer. 60. The assembly of claim 4, wherein the protective layer has a thickness, and wherein the catalyst includes large particles having a particle size which is between 65 and 75% of the thickness of the protective layer. 61. The assembly of claim 59, wherein the large particles constitute less than 20% of a total weight of the catalyst in the protective layer. 62. The assembly of claim 59, wherein the large particles constitute between 5 and 20% of a total weight of the catalyst in the protective layer. 63. The assembly of claim 59, wherein the large particles constitute between 7 and 12% of a total weight of the catalyst in the protective layer.
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이 특허에 인용된 특허 (10)
Dufner Bryan Franz ; Breault Richard David, Electrochemical cell with a porous support plate.
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