[미국특허]
Electrode structure and method for making the same
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
H01M-004/38
H01M-004/13
H01M-010/056
C23C-014/00
H01M-004/04
H01M-004/134
H01M-004/1395
H01M-004/36
H01M-010/052
H01M-010/0565
출원번호
US-0850437
(2013-03-26)
등록번호
US-9040197
(2015-05-26)
발명자
/ 주소
Affinito, John D.
Lowe, Gregory K.
출원인 / 주소
Sion Power Corporation
대리인 / 주소
Wolf, Greenfield & Sacks, P.C.
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
13인용 특허 :
158
초록▼
Electrode structures, and more specifically, electrode structures for use in electrochemical cells, are provided. The electrode structures described herein may include one or more protective layers. In one set of embodiments, a protective layer may be formed by exposing a lithium metal surface to a
Electrode structures, and more specifically, electrode structures for use in electrochemical cells, are provided. The electrode structures described herein may include one or more protective layers. In one set of embodiments, a protective layer may be formed by exposing a lithium metal surface to a plasma comprising ions of a gas to form a ceramic layer on top of the lithium metal. The ceramic layer may be highly conductive to lithium ions and may protect the underlying lithium metal surface from reaction with components in the electrolyte. In some cases, the ions may be nitrogen ions and a lithium nitride layer may be formed on the lithium metal surface. In other embodiments, the protective layer may be formed by converting lithium to lithium nitride at high pressures. Other methods for forming protective layers are also provided.
대표청구항▼
1. An article for use in an electrochemical cell, comprising: a composite structure having a first side and a second, opposing side, the composite structure comprising:at the first side, a predominantly lithium metal electroactive portion;at the second side, a predominantly lithium nitride portion,
1. An article for use in an electrochemical cell, comprising: a composite structure having a first side and a second, opposing side, the composite structure comprising:at the first side, a predominantly lithium metal electroactive portion;at the second side, a predominantly lithium nitride portion, whereinat a location at least 10 microns from the first side toward the second side, the composite structure is free of Li3N or has a molar ratio of Li metal to Li3N of greater than 5:1, andat a location at least 1 micron from the second side toward the first side, the composite structure has a molar ratio of Li metal to Li3N of less than 1:1000 and a lithium ion conductivity of at least 1×10−4 S/cm, anda gradient region comprising both lithium metal and Li3N between the first side and the second side, the gradient region having a thickness of at least 0.005 microns;an electrolyte layer adjacent the lithium nitride portion, wherein the electrolyte layer has a yield strength of greater than 50 N/cm2, andwherein the article is under an applied anisotropic force, the anisotropic force having a component normal to a surface of the article, wherein the component defines a pressure of at least 80 N/cm2. 2. An article of claim 1, wherein the article is under an applied anisotropic force, the anisotropic force having a component normal to a surface of the article, wherein the component defines a pressure of at least 160 N/cm2. 3. An article of claim 1, wherein the lithium nitride portion is substantially impermeable to liquids. 4. An article of claim 1, wherein the lithium nitride portion comprises pores. 5. An article of claim 4, wherein at least a portion of the pores of the lithium nitride portion are filled, partially or completely, with a polymer. 6. An article of claim 1, further comprising a polymer layer adjacent the lithium nitride portion. 7. An article of claim 1, wherein the lithium metal portion has a thickness of at least 5 microns. 8. An article of claim 1, wherein the lithium metal is doped with a metal. 9. An article of claim 1, wherein the lithium metal portion is formed at least in part by condensing lithium vapor onto a substrate in the presence of a gaseous material to co-deposit the electroactive portion. 10. An article of claim 9, wherein the gaseous material is selected from one or more of the group consisting of carbon dioxide, acetylene, nitrogen, nitrous oxide, nitrogen dioxide, ethylene, sulfur dioxide, hydrocarbons, alkyl phosphate esters, alkyl sulfite esters, and alkyl sulfate esters. 11. An article of claim 10, wherein the gaseous material is nitrous oxide. 12. An article of claim 1, further comprising a cathode comprising sulfur as an active cathode species. 13. An article of claim 12, wherein the sulfur is elemental sulfur. 14. An article of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte layer comprises a polymer gel and a lithium salt. 15. An article of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte layer has a lithium ion conductivity of at least 1×10−4 S/cm. 16. An article of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte layer has a yield strength of greater than 160 N/cm2. 17. An article of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte layer has a yield strength of greater than 80 N/cm2. 18. An article of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte layer has a yield strength greater than a yield strength of lithium metal. 19. An article of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte layer has a yield strength of greater than 2 times the normal component of the pressure applied to the article. 20. An article of claim 1, wherein the yield strength of the electrolyte layer is less than 20 times the normal component of the pressure applied to the article. 21. An article of claim 1, further comprising a separator adjacent the electrolyte layer. 22. An article for use in an electrochemical cell, comprising: a composite structure comprising:a lithium metal electroactive portion present at a first side of the composite structure, the lithium metal electroactive portion having a thickness of at least 10 microns;a lithium nitride portion present at a second side of the composite structure, the lithium nitride portion having a thickness of greater than 1 micron and a lithium ion conductivity of at least 1×10−4 S/cm; anda gradient region comprising both lithium metal and Li3N between the first side and the second side, the gradient region having a thickness of at least 0.005 microns;an electrolyte layer adjacent the lithium nitride portion, wherein the electrolyte layer has a yield strength of greater than 50 N/cm2, andwherein the article is under an applied anisotropic force, the anisotropic force having a component normal to a surface of the article, wherein the component defines a pressure of at least 80 N/cm2. 23. An article of claim 22, wherein the lithium nitride portion is substantially impermeable to liquids. 24. An article of claim 22, wherein the lithium nitride portion comprises pores. 25. An article of claim 24, wherein at least a portion of the pores of the lithium nitride portion are filled, partially or completely, with a polymer. 26. An article of claim 22, further comprising a cathode comprising sulfur as an active cathode species. 27. An article of claim 26, wherein the sulfur is elemental sulfur.
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