Integrated power generation and carbon capture using fuel cells
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
H01M-008/06
H01M-008/04
H01M-008/14
F02C-003/22
C21B-015/00
C04B-007/36
C01B-003/50
C07C-029/151
C10G-002/00
C07C-001/04
C10K-003/04
출원번호
US-0315479
(2014-06-26)
등록번호
US-9077006
(2015-07-07)
발명자
/ 주소
Berlowitz, Paul J.
Barckholtz, Timothy Andrew
Hershkowitz, Frank H.
출원인 / 주소
ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company
대리인 / 주소
Weisberg, David M.
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
0인용 특허 :
47
초록▼
Systems and methods are provided for capturing CO2 from a combustion source using molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs). The fuel cells are operated to have a reduced anode fuel utilization. Optionally, at least a portion of the anode exhaust is recycled for use as a fuel for the combustion source. Op
Systems and methods are provided for capturing CO2 from a combustion source using molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs). The fuel cells are operated to have a reduced anode fuel utilization. Optionally, at least a portion of the anode exhaust is recycled for use as a fuel for the combustion source. Optionally, a second portion of the anode exhaust is recycled for use as part of an anode input stream. This can allow for a reduction in the amount of fuel cell area required for separating CO2 from the combustion source exhaust and/or modifications in how the fuel cells are operated.
대표청구항▼
1. A method for capturing carbon dioxide from a combustion source, the method comprising: introducing a fuel stream and an O2-containing stream into a combustion zone;performing a combustion reaction in the combustion zone to generate a combustion exhaust, the combustion exhaust comprising CO2;proce
1. A method for capturing carbon dioxide from a combustion source, the method comprising: introducing a fuel stream and an O2-containing stream into a combustion zone;performing a combustion reaction in the combustion zone to generate a combustion exhaust, the combustion exhaust comprising CO2;processing a cathode inlet stream, the cathode inlet stream comprising at least a first portion of the combustion exhaust, with a fuel cell array of one or more molten carbonate fuel cells to form a cathode exhaust stream from at least one cathode outlet of the fuel cell array, the one or more molten carbonate fuel cells comprising one or more fuel cell anodes and one or more fuel cell cathodes, the one or more molten carbonate fuel cells being operatively connected to the combustion zone through at least one cathode inlet;reacting carbonate from the one or more fuel cell cathodes with H2 within the one or more fuel cell anodes to produce electricity and an anode exhaust stream from at least one anode outlet of the fuel cell array, the anode exhaust steam comprising CO2 and H2;separating CO2 from the anode exhaust stream in one or more separation stages to form a CO2-depleted anode exhaust stream;passing at least a combustion-recycle portion of the CO2-depleted anode exhaust stream to the combustion zone; andrecycling at least an anode-recycle portion of the CO2-depleted anode exhaust stream to the one or more fuel cell anodes,wherein a fuel utilization in the one or more fuel cell anodes is about 65% or less. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the fuel utilization in the one or more fuel cell anodes is about 30% to about 50%. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more fuel cell anodes comprise a plurality of anode stages and the one or more fuel cell cathodes comprise a plurality of cathode stages, wherein a fuel utilization in a low utilization anode stage in the plurality of anode stages is about 65% or less, the low utilization anode stage corresponding to high CO2-content cathode stage of the plurality of cathode stages, the high CO2-content cathode stage having a CO2 content at a cathode inlet as high as or higher than a CO2 content at a cathode inlet of any other cathode stage of the plurality of cathode stages. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the fuel utilization in the low utilization anode stage is at least about 40%. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein a fuel utilization in each anode stage of the plurality of anode stages is about 65% or less. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the combustion-recycle portion of the CO2-depleted anode exhaust stream comprises at least about 25% of the CO2-depleted anode exhaust stream, and wherein the anode-recycle portion of the CO2-depleted anode exhaust stream comprises at least about 25% of the CO2-depleted anode exhaust stream. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising passing carbon-containing fuel into the one or more fuel cell anodes. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising: reforming at least a portion of the carbon-containing fuel to generate H2; andpassing at least a portion of the generated H2 into the one or more fuel cell anodes. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the carbon-containing fuel is passed into the one or more fuel cell anodes without passing the carbon-containing fuel into a reforming stage prior to entering the one or more fuel cell anodes. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the carbon-containing fuel comprises CH4. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the combustion exhaust comprises about 10 vol % or less of CO2, the combustion exhaust comprising CO2 optionally comprising at least about 4 vol % of CO2. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising recycling a second portion of the combustion exhaust to the combustion zone, the second portion of the combustion exhaust comprising CO2. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein recycling the second portion of the combustion exhaust to the combustion zone comprises: exchanging heat between a second portion of the combustion exhaust and an H2O-containing stream to form steam;separating water from the second portion of the combustion exhaust to form an H2O-depleted combustion exhaust stream; andpassing at least a portion of the H2O-depleted combustion exhaust into the combustion zone. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the second portion of the combustion exhaust comprises at least about 6 vol % CO2. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the anode exhaust stream, prior to the separating CO2 from the anode exhaust stream in one or more separation stages, comprises at least about 5.0 vol % of H2. 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising exposing the anode exhaust stream to a water gas shift catalyst to form a shifted anode exhaust stream prior to the separating CO2 from the anode exhaust stream in one or more separation stages, a H2 content of the shifted anode exhaust stream after exposure to the water gas shift catalyst being greater than a H2 content of the anode exhaust stream prior to exposure to the water gas shift catalyst. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the combustion-recycle portion of the CO2-depleted anode exhaust stream is combined with the fuel stream prior to passing the combustion-recycle portion of the CO2-depleted anode exhaust stream to the combustion zone. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein a cathode exhaust stream has a CO2 content of about 2.0 vol % or less. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein separating CO2 from the anode exhaust stream in one or more separation stages comprises cooling the anode exhaust stream to form a condensed phase of CO2. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein separating CO2 from the anode exhaust stream in one or more separation stages further comprises separating water from the anode exhaust stream prior to forming the condensed phase of CO2.
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