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Embodiments of the present invention provide a data transmission method, apparatus, and system. The method includes receiving transmitter antenna quality information sent by a receiver; determining, according to the transmitter antenna quality information, a transmitter antenna that transmits data;

Embodiments of the present invention provide a data transmission method, apparatus, and system. The method includes receiving transmitter antenna quality information sent by a receiver; determining, according to the transmitter antenna quality information, a transmitter antenna that transmits data; switching a first transmission mode to a second transmission mode when the transmitter antenna quality information satisfies a preset condition; and transmitting the data by using the second transmission mode and the determined transmitter antenna.

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1. A data transmission method, comprising: receiving transmitter antenna quality information sent by a receiver;determining, according to the transmitter antenna quality information, a transmitter antenna that transmits data;switching a first transmission mode to a second transmission mode when the

1. A data transmission method, comprising: receiving transmitter antenna quality information sent by a receiver;determining, according to the transmitter antenna quality information, a transmitter antenna that transmits data;switching a first transmission mode to a second transmission mode when the transmitter antenna quality information satisfies a preset condition, wherein at least one of the first transmission mode or the second transmission mode is a single-antenna sending mode; andtransmitting the data by using the second transmission mode and the determined transmitter antenna;wherein the transmitter antenna quality information indicates a candidate or non-candidate transmitter antenna set;wherein, in a multi-antenna sending mode, a candidate transmitter antenna is an antenna of a set of transmitter antennas with at least one transmitter antenna quality measurement that is greater than a respective preset threshold value, and a non-candidate transmitter antenna is an antenna without at least one transmitter antenna quality measurement that is greater than a respective preset threshold value; andwherein the at least one transmitter antenna quality measurement is at least one of a ratio of, or a difference between, an average signal strength value for each transmitter antenna of the set of transmitter antennas and an average value or maximum value of the average signal strength values for the set of transmitter antennas. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the switching the first transmission mode to the second transmission mode comprises switching the first transmission mode to the second transmission mode when a number of determined transmitter antennas is not consistent with a number of transmitter antennas required by the first transmission mode. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: receiving a transmitter antenna mode switching command sent by the receiver;wherein the switching the first transmission mode to the second transmission mode comprises switching the first transmission mode to the second transmission mode according to the transmitter antenna mode switching command. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the transmitter antenna mode switching command comprises a channel quality indicator special value indicating the second transmission mode to which a switchover is required; and wherein the channel quality indicator special value comprises a channel quality indicator 0 or a channel quality indicator 31. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second transmission mode to which a switchover is performed is a single-antenna sending mode and wherein the method further comprises sending pilot information through a transmitter antenna that does not transmit data, so that the receiver measures channel quality of a transmitter antenna. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein, when a number of determined transmitter antennas is not consistent with a number of transmitter antennas required by the first transmission mode, the switching the first transmission mode to the second transmission mode comprises: switching a multi-antenna sending mode to a single-antenna sending mode if the first transmission mode is a multi-antenna sending mode and the number of determined transmitter antennas is one; andswitching the single-antenna sending mode to the multi-antenna sending mode if the first transmission mode is the single-antenna sending mode and the number of determined transmitter antennas is more than one. 7. A data transmission method, comprising: measuring channel quality of all transmitter antennas of a transmitter to obtain transmitter antenna quality information, wherein the transmitter antenna quality information comprises a candidate or non-candidate transmitter antenna set or a precoding control indication implying a candidate or non-candidate transmitter antenna set, wherein a candidate transmitter antenna is an antenna with the transmitter antenna quality above a predetermined antenna quality threshold, and wherein a non-candidate transmitter antenna is an antenna with a transmitter antenna quality that is not above the predetermined antenna quality threshold; andsending the transmitter antenna quality information to the transmitter, so that the transmitter determines, according to the transmitter antenna quality information, whether transmission mode switching is required to be performed;wherein a first transmitter antenna quality measurement is a ratio of an average signal strength value for each transmitter antenna to an average value or a maximum value of the average signal strength values for all of the transmitter antennas;wherein a second transmitter antenna quality measurement is a difference between an average signal strength value of each transmitter antenna and one of the average value or the maximum value of the average signal strength values for all of the transmitter antennas;wherein, in a multi-antenna sending mode, a candidate transmitter antenna is an antenna with a first transmitter antenna quality measurement that is greater than a first preset threshold value or a second transmitter antenna quality measurement that is greater than a second preset threshold value; andwherein, in a multi-antenna sending mode, a non-candidate transmitter antenna is an antenna with neither a first transmitter antenna quality measurement that is greater than the first preset threshold value nor a second transmitter antenna quality measurement that is greater than the second preset threshold value. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the measuring the channel quality of all the transmitter antennas comprises: in a multi-antenna sending mode or a single-antenna sending mode, measuring the channel quality of each of the transmitter antennas to obtain the respective average signal strength values of each of the respective transmitter antennas and the average value or the maximum value of the average signal strength values of all of the transmitter antennas; anddetermining the transmitter antenna quality information according to the respective average signal strength values of each of the transmitter antennas and the average value or the maximum value of the average signal strength values of all of the transmitter antennas. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein in the multi-antenna sending mode, the determining the transmitter antenna quality information comprises: determining whether the first transmitter antenna quality measurement for each transmitter antenna is greater than the first preset threshold value, and if yes, determining that the respective transmitter antenna is a candidate transmitter antenna, otherwise, determining that the respective transmitter antenna is a non-candidate transmitter antenna; ordetermining whether the second transmitter antenna quality measurement for each transmitter antenna is greater than the second preset threshold value, and if yes, determining that the respective transmitter antenna is a candidate transmitter antenna, otherwise, determining that the respective transmitter antenna is a non-candidate transmitter antenna. 10. The method according to claim 8, wherein in the single-antenna sending mode, the determining a candidate transmitter antenna or a non-candidate transmitter antenna according to the average signal strength values of the transmitter antennas and the average value or the maximum value of the average signal strength comprises: determining whether the first transmitter antenna quality measurement of each transmitter antenna is smaller than a third preset threshold value, and if yes, and a number of transmitter antennas satisfying the third preset threshold value is greater than 1, determining that the respective transmitter antenna is a candidate transmitter antenna, otherwise, determining that the respective transmitter antenna is a non-candidate transmitter antenna; ordetermining whether the second transmitter antenna quality measurement of each transmitter antenna is smaller than a fourth preset threshold value, and if yes, and a number of transmitter antennas satisfying the fourth preset threshold value is greater than 1, determining that the respective transmitter antenna is a candidate transmitter antenna, otherwise, determining that the respective transmitter antenna is a non-candidate transmitter antenna. 11. A data transmission apparatus, comprising: a receiving unit, configured to receive transmitter antenna quality information sent by a receiver;a determining unit, configured to determine, according to the transmitter antenna quality information, a transmitter antenna that transmits data;a switching unit, configured to switch a first transmission mode to a second transmission mode when the transmitter antenna quality information satisfies a preset condition, wherein at least one of the first transmission mode or the second transmission mode is a single-antenna sending mode; anda first transmission unit, configured to transmit the data by using the second transmission mode and the determined transmitter antenna:,wherein the transmitter antenna quality information indicates a candidate or non-candidate transmitter antenna set;wherein, in a multi-antenna sending mode, a candidate transmitter antenna is an antenna of a set of transmitter antennas with at least one transmitter antenna quality measurement that is greater than a respective preset threshold value, and a non-candidate transmitter antenna is an antenna without at least one transmitter antenna quality measurement that is greater than a respective preset threshold value; andwherein the at least one transmitter antenna quality measurement is at least one of a ratio of, or a difference between, an average signal strength value for each transmitter antenna of the set of transmitter antennas and an average value or maximum value of the average signal strength values for the set of transmitter antennas. 12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the switching unit comprises: a first switching unit, configured to switch the first transmission mode to the second transmission mode when a number of determined transmitter antennas is not consistent with a number of transmitter antennas required by the first transmission mode. 13. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the receiving unit is further configured to receive a transmitter antenna mode switching command sent by the receiver; and wherein the switching unit comprises a second switching unit configured to switch a current first transmission mode to the second transmission mode according to the transmitter antenna mode switching command. 14. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the transmitter antenna mode switching command received by the receiving unit comprises a channel quality indicator special value indicating the second transmission mode to which a switchover is required. 15. The apparatus according claim 11, further comprising: a second sending unit, configured to, when the second transmission mode to which a switchover is performed is a single-antenna sending mode, send pilot information through a transmitter antenna that does not transmit data, so that the receiving unit measures channel quality of a transmitter antenna. 16. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the switching unit comprises: a first mode switching unit, configured to, when the first transmission mode is a multi-antenna sending mode and a number of determined transmitter antennas is one, switch the multi-antenna sending mode to a single-antenna sending mode; anda second mode switching unit, configured to, when the first transmission mode is a single-antenna sending mode and a number of determined transmitter antennas is more than one, switch the single-antenna sending mode to a multi-antenna sending mode. 17. A data transmission apparatus, comprising: a measurement unit, configured to measure channel quality each transmitter antenna of a transmitter to obtain transmitter antenna quality information, wherein the transmitter antenna quality information comprises a candidate or non-candidate transmitter antenna set or a precoding control indication implying a candidate or non-candidate transmitter antenna set, a ratio of an average signal strength value of each of the transmitter antennas to the average value or the maximum value of the average signal strength values is greater than a first preset threshold value;a transmission unit, configured to send the transmitter antenna quality information to the transmitter, so that the transmitter determines, according to the transmitter antenna quality information, whether transmission mode switching is required to be performed;wherein a first transmitter antenna quality measurement is a ratio of an average signal strength value for each transmitter antenna to an average value or a maximum value of the average signal strength values for all of the transmitter antennas;wherein a second transmitter antenna quality measurement is a difference between an average signal strength value of each transmitter antenna and one of the average value or the maximum value of the average signal strength values for all of the transmitter antennas;wherein, in a multi-antenna sending mode, a candidate transmitter antenna is an antenna with a first transmitter antenna quality measurement that is greater than a first preset threshold value or a second transmitter antenna quality measurement that is greater than a second preset threshold value; andwherein, in the multi-antenna sending mode, a non-candidate transmitter antenna is an antenna with neither a first transmitter antenna quality measurement that is greater than the first preset threshold value nor a second transmitter antenna quality measurement that is greater than the second preset threshold value. 18. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the measurement unit comprises: a channel quality measurement unit, configured to, in the multi-antenna sending mode or a single-antenna sending mode, measure the channel quality of all the transmitter antennas to obtain the respective average signal strength values of all the transmitter antennas and the average value or the maximum value of the average signal strength values; anda determining unit, configured to determine the transmitter antenna quality information according to the respective average signal strength values of all the transmitter antenna and the average value or the maximum value of the average signal strength values. 19. The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the determining unit comprises: a first judgment unit, a first determining unit, and a second determining unit; ora second judgment unit, a third determining unit, and a fourth determining unit;wherein the first judgment unit is configured to determine, in the multi-antenna sending mode, whether the first transmitter antenna quality measurement for each transmitter antenna is greater than the first preset threshold value;wherein the first judgment unit is further configured to send a determination result of yes to the first determining unit, and send a determination result of no to the second determining unit;wherein the first determining unit is configured to receive the determination result of yes sent by the first judgment unit, and determine, according to the determination result of yes, that a transmitter antenna is a candidate transmitter antenna;wherein the second determining unit is configured to receive the determination result of no sent by the first judgment unit, and determine, according to the determination result of no, that the transmitter antenna is a non-candidate transmitter antenna;wherein the second judgment unit is configured to determine, in the multi-antenna sending mode, whether the second transmitter antenna quality measurement for each transmitter antenna is greater than the second preset threshold value;wherein the second judgment unit is further configured to send a determination result of yes to the third determining unit, and send a determination result of no to the fourth determining unit;wherein the third determining unit is configured to receive the determination result of yes sent by the second judgment unit, and determine, according to the determination result of yes, that a transmitter antenna is a candidate transmitter antenna; andwherein the fourth determining unit is configured to receive the determination result of no sent by the second judgment unit, and determine, according to the determination result of no, that the transmitter antenna is a non-candidate transmitter antenna. 20. The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the determining unit comprises: a third judgment unit, a fifth determining unit, and a sixth determining unit; ora fourth judgment unit, a seventh determining unit, and an eighth determining unit;wherein the third judgment unit is configured to determine, in the single-antenna sending mode, whether the first transmitter antenna quality measurement for each transmitter antenna is smaller than a third preset threshold value, and if yes, continue to determine whether a number of transmitter antennas satisfying the third preset threshold value is greater than 1;wherein the third judgment unit is further configured send a determination result of being greater than 1 to the fifth determining unit, and send a determination result of being smaller than 1 or being greater than the third preset threshold value to the sixth determining unit;wherein the fifth determining unit is configured to receive the determination result of yes sent by the third judgment unit, and determine, according to the determination result of yes, that a transmitter antenna is a candidate transmitter antenna;wherein the sixth determining unit is configured to receive the determination result, sent by the third judgment unit, of being smaller than 1 or being greater than the third preset threshold value, and determine, according to the determination result, that the transmitter antenna is a non-candidate transmitter antenna;wherein the fourth judgment unit is configured to determine, in the single-antenna sending mode, whether the second transmitter antenna quality measurement for each transmitter antenna is smaller than a fourth preset threshold value, and if yes, continue to determine whether a number of transmitter antennas satisfying the fourth preset threshold value is greater than 1;wherein the fourth judgment unit is further configured to send a determination result of being greater than 1 to the seventh determining unit, and send a determination result of being smaller than 1 or being greater than the fourth preset threshold value to the eighth determining unit;wherein the seventh determining unit is configured to receive the determination result of yes sent by the fourth judgment unit, and determine, according to the determination result of yes, that the transmitter antenna is a candidate transmitter antenna; andwherein the sixth determining unit is configured to receive the determination result, sent by the fourth judgment unit, of being smaller than 1 or being greater than the fourth preset threshold value, and determine, according to the determination result, that the transmitter antenna is a non-candidate transmitter antenna.