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Embodiments of the present invention relate generally to cartridges and modifications for an M16/AR15 rifle. In one embodiment, a modified M16/AR15 rifle or carbine includes a bolt having a maximum outside diameter greater than that of a standard M16/AR15 bolt; and a bolt extractor pivoted to the bo

Embodiments of the present invention relate generally to cartridges and modifications for an M16/AR15 rifle. In one embodiment, a modified M16/AR15 rifle or carbine includes a bolt having a maximum outside diameter greater than that of a standard M16/AR15 bolt; and a bolt extractor pivoted to the bolt. The bolt and the bolt extractor are operable to: transport a cartridge from a magazine to a barrel, and eject a spent cartridge from the barrel. The rifle or carbine further includes a barrel extension configured to receive the bolt; a standard M16/AR15 upper receiver coupled to the barrel extension; a standard M16/AR15 lower receiver coupled to the upper receiver.

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1. A kit for modifying an M16 rifle, M4 carbine, or AR15 rifle or carbine, comprising: a bolt having a maximum outside diameter (K in FIG. 3C) greater than that of a standard M16/M4 bolt (existing M16A1-A4 versions and M4 and M4A1 versions);an ejector carried by the bolt;a bolt extractor pivoted to

1. A kit for modifying an M16 rifle, M4 carbine, or AR15 rifle or carbine, comprising: a bolt having a maximum outside diameter (K in FIG. 3C) greater than that of a standard M16/M4 bolt (existing M16A1-A4 versions and M4 and M4A1 versions);an ejector carried by the bolt;a bolt extractor pivoted to the bolt and having a maximum width (F in FIG. 4D) greater than that of a standard M16/M4 bolt extractor (existing M16A1-A4 versions and M4 and M4A1 versions),wherein: the bolt, the ejector, and the bolt extractor operable to: transport a cartridge from a magazine to a barrel, andeject a spent cartridge from the barrel,a length of the cartridge is equal to or slightly less than 2.26 inches, andthe cartridge comprises: a case having a case head diameter greater than 0.378 inch; anda bullet having a diameter greater than or equal to 0.224 inch; anda barrel extension configured to receive the bolt. 2. The kit of claim 1, wherein: the case head diameter is greater than or equal to 0.4 inch, andthe bullet diameter is greater than or equal to 0.243 inch. 3. The kit of claim 1, wherein the case head diameter is greater than or equal to 0.425 inch. 4. The kit of claim 1, wherein the case head diameter is greater than or equal to 0.45 inch. 5. The kit of claim 1, further comprising the magazine configured to hold a plurality of the cartridges. 6. The kit of claim 1, further comprising the barrel configured to receive the cartridge and connected to the barrel extension. 7. The kit of claim 1, wherein the bolt has an inside diameter (I in FIG. 3C) greater than that of the standard M16/M4 bolt. 8. The kit of claim 7, wherein the barrel extension has a maximum inside diameter (I in FIG. 5C) greater than that of a standard M16/M4 barrel extension (existing M16A1-A4 versions and M4 and M4A1 versions). 9. The kit of claim 8, wherein: the bolt has an outer diameter (H in FIG. 3C) greater than that of the standard M16/M4 bolt, andthe barrel extension has an inner diameter (J in FIG. 5C) greater than that of the standard M16/M4 barrel extension. 10. A kit for modifying an M16 rifle, M4 carbine, or AR15 rifle or carbine, comprising: a bolt having a maximum outside diameter (K in FIG. 3C) and an inside diameter (I in FIG. 3C) greater than those of a standard M16/M4 bolt (existing M16A1-A4 versions and M4 and M4A1 versions);an ejector carried by the bolt;a bolt extractor pivoted to the bolt,wherein: the bolt, the ejector, and the bolt extractor operable to: transport a cartridge from a magazine to a barrel, andeject a spent cartridge from the barrel,a length of the cartridge is equal to or slightly less than 2.26 inches, andthe cartridge comprises: a case having a case head diameter greater than 0.378 inch; anda bullet having a diameter greater than or equal to 0.224 inch; anda barrel extension having a maximum inside diameter (I in FIG. 5C) greater than that of a standard M16/M4 barrel extension (existing M16A1-A4 versions and M4 and M4A1 versions) for receiving the bolt. 11. The kit of claim 10, wherein: the bolt has an outer diameter (H in FIG. 3C) greater than that of the standard M16/M4 bolt, andthe barrel extension has an inner diameter (J in FIG. 5C) greater than that of the standard M16/M4 barrel extension. 12. The kit of claim 10, wherein: the case head diameter is greater than or equal to 0.4 inch, andthe bullet diameter is greater than or equal to 0.243 inch.