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An air-cooled absorption refrigerating system and method is provided An evaporated refrigerant is mixed with a weak refrigerant stream Portions of the evaporated refrigerant are absorbed into the weak refrigerant stream via air-cooled absorber means to form a reconstituted solution which is pumped i

An air-cooled absorption refrigerating system and method is provided An evaporated refrigerant is mixed with a weak refrigerant stream Portions of the evaporated refrigerant are absorbed into the weak refrigerant stream via air-cooled absorber means to form a reconstituted solution which is pumped into heater means in heat exchange relationship with a hot weak refrigerant. The hot weak refrigerant stream is conducted therefrom Refrigerant is evaporated from the reconstituted solution via generator means in heat exchange relationship with a heat transfer fluid The generator means stream is separated into a hot weak refrigerant stream and a main refrigerant vapor stream The main refrigerant vapor stream is condensed via air-cooled condenser means The pressure of a condensed refrigerant vapor stream is reduced and conducted into evaporator means, where it is evaporated to form an evaporated refrigerant stream and conducted therefrom.

대표청구항 ▼

1. An air-cooled absorption refrigerating system comprising: a generator in heat exchange relationship with a stream of heat transfer fluid or gas, a separator adapted to separate a stream from said generator into a weak refrigerant solution stream and a main refrigerant vapor stream, an air-cooled

1. An air-cooled absorption refrigerating system comprising: a generator in heat exchange relationship with a stream of heat transfer fluid or gas, a separator adapted to separate a stream from said generator into a weak refrigerant solution stream and a main refrigerant vapor stream, an air-cooled condenser to condense said main refrigerant vapor stream, an expansion valve to reduce the pressure of a condensed refrigerant stream from said air-cooled condenser, an evaporator to form an evaporated refrigerant stream from a stream from said expansion valve and to cool a surrounding material, a heat exchanger to exchange heat between said weak refrigerant solution stream and a high-pressure rich refrigerant solution stream, a mixer to produce a mixed stream from said evaporated refrigerant stream from said evaporator and from said weak refrigerant solution stream from said heat exchanger, an air-cooled absorber to reconstitute said mixed stream, and a pump to produce said high-pressure rich refrigerant solution stream from the reconstituted mixed stream from said air-cooled absorber, wherein said heat exchanger is split into a first and a second heat exchange stage; wherein i) the first heat exchange stage exchanges heat between said weak refrigerant solution stream and a stream of high-pressure rich refrigerant solution from said second heat exchanger stare; and ii) the second heat exchange stage exchanges heat between said mixed stream from said mixer and said high-pressure rich refrigerant solution stream from said pump, wherein said air-cooled absorber is adapted to reconstitute said mixed stream obtained from said second heat exchanger stare; and wherein said high-pressure rich refrigerant solution stream from said first heat exchange stage is adapted to be introduced into said generator. 2. The system according to claim 1 further comprising an additional heat exchanger adapted to exchange heat between said condensed refrigerant stream from said air-cooled condenser and said evaporated refrigerant stream from said evaporator. 3. The system according to claim 2, further comprising a main compressor to compress a stream of evaporated refrigerant obtained from said additional heat exchanger and introduce the compressed stream of evaporated refrigerant into said mixer. 4. The system according to claim 3, further comprising an additional compressor, or multistage compressor, adapted to compress a stream of compressed refrigerant from the main compressor and introduce said stream of compressed refrigerant from the main compressor into said air-cooled condenser. 5. The system according to claim 4, further comprising two three-way valves adapted to change said system between two operating states: i) a first three-way valve wherein a stream of compressed vapors from said main compressor is directed into the mixer and the main stream of refrigerant vapor is directed into said air-cooled condenser; andii) a second three-way valve wherein a stream of compressed evaporate from said main compressor is directed into said additional compressor, a stream of compressed refrigerant from said additional compressor is directed into said air-cooled condenser, and said main stream of refrigerant vapor is precluded from reaching said air-cooled condenser. 6. The system according to claim 5, further comprising a controller adapted to change the states of said first and said second three-way valves, and operate said compressor means to change the state of said system between said two operating states. 7. The system according to claim 4, further comprising additional valves and conduits adapted to change the mode of operation of said system between two states: a heating mode wherein the compressed refrigerant stream from said additional compressor, or multistage compressor, is conducted into said evaporator, a stream of evaporated refrigerant from said evaporator is conducted into a first inlet of said additional heat exchanger, a stream of condensed refrigerant from said air-cooled condenser is conducted into a second inlet of said additional heat exchanger which is then conducted therefrom into said main compressor; anda cooling mode wherein the compressed refrigerant stream from the additional compressor, or multistage compressor, is conducted into said air-cooled condenser, a stream of condensed refrigerant from said air-cooled condenser is conducted into said first inlet of said additional heat exchanger, a stream of evaporated refrigerant from said evaporator is conducted into said second inlet of said additional heat exchanger which is then conducted therefrom into said main compressor. 8. The system according to claim 7, further comprising a controller adapted to change the states of said additional valves, and operate said compressor to change the state of said system between the modes of operation. 9. The system according to claim 1, wherein said stream of heat transfer fluid or gas is supplied from a type of low grade heat source. 10. The system according to claim 1, further comprising an additional separator to separate said stream of high-pressure rich refrigerant solution from said first heat exchanger stage into an additional refrigerant vapor stream that is introduced into said main refrigerant vapor stream, and a solution that is introduced into the generator. 11. The system according to claim 1, further comprising an additional separator to separate said stream of rich refrigerant solution from said second heat exchange stage into a further refrigerant vapor stream that is introduced into said main refrigerant vapor stream, and a refrigerant solution that is introduced into said first heat exchange stage. 12. The system according to claim 1, further comprising a pre-cooler unit to cool said main refrigerant vapor stream provided to said air-cooled condenser to a temperature near its saturation temperature. 13. The system according to claim 6, wherein said mixer is a type of jet ejector mixer. 14. The system according to claim 1, further comprising a pressure reducer adapted to reduce the pressure of said stream of weak refrigerant solution provided to said mixer from said first heat exchange stage. 15. The system according to claim 1, wherein said refrigerant solution comprises an absorbent material based on one or more of the following phosphates: trimethylphosphate C3H9PO4; triethylphosphate C6H15PO4; tri n-butylphosphate C12H27PO4, on a phosphonate dimethylmethylphosphonate C3H9PO3,based on one or more of the following ethylene glycol materials: ethylene glycol C2H6O2; dimethylether of tetraethyleneglycol C10H22O5; 1,3-propanediol (trimethylene glycol) C3H8O2,based on one or more N—C═O bonds selected from: N,N dimethylacetamide C4H9NO; N-methyl,2-pyrrolidinone(methyl-2-pyrrolidone,M-pyrrol) C5H9NO; N-methyl; e-caprolactam (hexahydro,1-methyl,2H-azepin 2-one) C7H13NO; 1,3-dimethyl,2-imidazolidinone (dimethylethyleneurea) C5H10N2O; 1,3-dimethyl,3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-pyrimidinone (dimethylpropyleneurea) C6H12N2O), or combinations thereof. 16. The system according to claim 1, wherein said refrigerant material is selected from the group consisting of: HFC, HFC refrigerants (R32-difluoromethane CH2F2, R152a—1,1 difluoroethane CH3CHF2, R134a—1,1,1,2 tetrafluoroethane CH2FCF3, R125—pentafluoroethane CF3CHF2, R226ea—1,1,1,2,3,3 hexafluoropropane CF3CHFCHF2, R226fa—1,1,1,3,3,3 heptafluoropropane CF3CH2CF3, R227ea—1,1,1,2,3,3,3 heptafluoropropane CF3CHFCF3), R600a (iso-butane (CH3)3CH), and R630 (monomethylamine CH3NH2, —dimethylamine(CH3)2NH). 17. A method for cooling a refrigerated space comprising: mixing a stream of evaporated refrigerant with a stream of weak refrigerant solution to provide a mixed stream;producing a reconstituted solution stream by absorbing portions of the mixed stream by means of an air-cooled absorber;pumping said reconstituted solution into a heat exchanger wherein the heat exchanger is split into a first and a second heat exchange stage comprising: i) a first heat exchange stage used for exchanging heat between said weak refrigerant solution stream and a stream of reconstituted solution from said second heat exchange stage, and conducting said weak refrigerant solution therefrom for use in said mixing; andii) a second heat exchange stage to exchange heat between said mixed stream obtained in said mixing and said reconstituted solution stream,wherein said absorbing in said air-cooled absorber comprises reconstituting said mixed stream obtained from said second stage heat exchange;evaporating refrigerant from a stream of said reconstituted solution from said first heat exchange stage by means of a generator being in heat exchange relationship with a stream of heat transfer fluid or gas;separating a stream from said generator into said stream of hot weak refrigerant solution and a main refrigerant vapor stream;condensing said main refrigerant vapor stream by means of an air-cooled condenser;reducing the pressure of a stream of condensed refrigerant vapor from said air-cooled condenser and conducting said stream of condensed refrigerant vapor having reduced pressure into an evaporator; andevaporating said condensed refrigerant vapor having reduced pressure in said evaporator to form said stream of evaporated refrigerant and conducting said stream of evaporated refrigerant therefrom for use in said mixing. 18. The method according to claim 17, further comprising cooling said condensed refrigerant vapor stream from said air-cooled condenser by means of a cooler being in heat exchange relationship with said stream of evaporated refrigerant, and conducting said stream of evaporated refrigerant therefrom for use in said mixing. 19. The method according to claim 18, further comprising compressing a stream of evaporated refrigerant obtained from said cooler and using it in said mixing. 20. The method according to claim 19, further comprising conducting the stream of compressed refrigerant into said air-cooled condenser for condensing. 21. A method for cooling a refrigerated space having a stream of compressed refrigerant comprising arbitrating said stream of compressed refrigerant between two operation states wherein said stream of compressed refrigerant is used for the condensing according to claim 20. 22. The method according to claim 21, further comprising changing the mode of operation between two states: a heating mode comprising conducting the stream of compressed refrigerant into said evaporator, conducting a stream of evaporated refrigerant from said evaporator into a first inlet of said cooler, conducting a stream of condensed refrigerant from said air-cooled condenser into a second inlet of said cooler and conducting it therefrom for the compressing; anda cooling mode comprising conducting the compressed refrigerant stream into said air-cooled condenser, conducting a stream of condensed refrigerant from said air-cooled condenser into said first inlet of said cooler, conducting a stream of evaporated refrigerant from said evaporator into said second inlet of said cooler and conducting it therefrom for the compressing. 23. A method for cooling a refrigerated space having a stream of compressed refrigerant comprising arbitrating said stream of compressed refrigerant between two operation states wherein said stream of compressed refrigerant is used in the mixing according to claim 19. 24. The method according to claim 23, further comprising changing the mode of operation between two states: a heating mode comprising conducting the stream of compressed refrigerant into said evaporator, conducting a stream of evaporated refrigerant from said evaporator into a first inlet of said cooler, conducting a stream of condensed refrigerant from said air-cooled condenser into a second inlet of said cooler and conducting it therefrom for the compressing; anda cooling mode comprising conducting the compressed refrigerant stream into said air-cooled condenser, conducting a stream of condensed refrigerant from said air-cooled condenser into said first inlet of said cooler, conducting a stream of evaporated refrigerant from said evaporator into said second inlet of said cooler and conducting it therefrom for the compressing. 25. The method according to claim 17, wherein the stream of heat transfer fluid or gas is supplied from a type of low grade heat source. 26. The method according to claim 17, further comprising separating a stream of reconstituted solution obtained from said heat exchanger into an additional refrigerant vapor stream and conducting it into said main refrigerant vapor stream, and conducting a remaining stream of reconstituted solution into said generator. 27. The method according to claim 17, further comprising separating a stream of reconstituted solution from said second heat exchange stage into a further refrigerant vapor stream and conducting it into the main refrigerant vapor stream, and conducting a remaining stream of reconstituted solution into said first heat exchange stage. 28. The method according to claim 17, further comprising cooling the main refrigerant vapor stream provided to said air-cooled condenser to a temperature near its saturation temperature. 29. The method according to claim 17, further comprising reducing the pressure of said stream of weak refrigerant solution provided for use in said mixing from said first heat exchange stage. 30. An air-cooled absorption refrigerating system comprising: a generator in heat exchange relationship with a stream of heat transfer fluid or gas,a separator adapted to separate a stream from said generator into a weak refrigerant solution stream and a main refrigerant vapor stream,an air-cooled condenser to condense said main refrigerant vapor stream,an expansion valve to reduce the pressure of a condensed refrigerant stream from said air-cooled condenser,an evaporator to form an evaporated refrigerant stream from a stream from said expansion valve and to cool a surrounding material,a heat exchanger to exchange heat between said weak refrigerant solution stream and a high-pressure rich refrigerant solution stream,a mixer to produce a mixed stream from said evaporated refrigerant stream from said evaporator and from said weak refrigerant solution stream from said heat exchanger,an air-cooled absorber to reconstitute said mixed stream, anda pump to produce said high-pressure rich refrigerant solution stream from the reconstituted mixed stream from said air-cooled absorber,wherein said system further comprises an additional separator to separate said high-pressure rich refrigerant solution from the heat exchanger into an additional refrigerant vapor stream that is introduced into said main refrigerant vapor stream, and a solution that is introduced into said generator. 31. A method for cooling a refrigerated space comprising: mixing a stream of evaporated refrigerant with a stream of weak refrigerant solution to provide a mixed stream;producing a reconstituted solution by absorbing portions of said mixed stream by means of an air-cooled absorber;pumping said reconstituted solution into a heater being in heat exchange relationship with a stream of hot weak refrigerant solution and conducting said weak refrigerant solution therefrom for use in said mixing;evaporating refrigerant from a stream of reconstituted solution from said heater by means of a generator being in heat exchange relationship with a stream of heat transfer fluid or gas;separating a stream from said generator into said stream of hot weak refrigerant solution and a main refrigerant vapor stream;condensing said main refrigerant vapor stream by means of an air-cooled condenser;reducing the pressure of a stream of condensed refrigerant vapor from said air-cooled condenser and conducting the same into an evaporator;evaporating said condensed refrigerant in said evaporator to form said stream of evaporated refrigerant and conducting said stream of evaporated refrigerant therefrom for use in said mixing;wherein the method further comprises separating a stream of reconstituted solution obtained from the heater into an additional refrigerant vapor stream and conducting said additional refrigerant vapor stream into the main refrigerant vapor stream, and conducting a remaining stream of reconstituted solution into the generator.