Reverse osmosis membranes made by interfacial polymerization of a monomer in a nonpolar (e.g. organic) phase together with a monomer in a polar (e.g. aqueous) phase on a porous support membrane. Interfacial polymerization process is disclosed for preparing a highly permeable RO membrane, comprising:
Reverse osmosis membranes made by interfacial polymerization of a monomer in a nonpolar (e.g. organic) phase together with a monomer in a polar (e.g. aqueous) phase on a porous support membrane. Interfacial polymerization process is disclosed for preparing a highly permeable RO membrane, comprising: contacting on a porous support membrane, a) a first solution containing 1,3-diaminobenzene, and b) a second solution containing trimesoyl chloride, wherein at least one of solutions a) and b) contains nanoparticles when said solutions are first contacted, and recovering a highly permeable RO membrane.
대표청구항▼
1. An interfacial polymerization process for preparing a highly permeable reverse osmosis (RO) membrane, comprising: contacting on a porous support membrane, a) a first solution containing a polyfunctional acyl halide, andb) a second solution containing a polyamine, wherein a metal beta-diketonate c
1. An interfacial polymerization process for preparing a highly permeable reverse osmosis (RO) membrane, comprising: contacting on a porous support membrane, a) a first solution containing a polyfunctional acyl halide, andb) a second solution containing a polyamine, wherein a metal beta-diketonate compound is present in a) or b) during the polymerization reaction,wherein at least one of solutions a) and b) contains nanoparticles; andrecovering a highly permeable RO membrane. 2. A RO membrane prepared according to the process of claim 1 wherein the Ro membrane is characterized by a flux that is greater than the flux of a RO membrane prepared in the absence of the metal beta-diketonate compound. 3. The interfacial polymerization process of claim 1 in which the first solution contains a polyfunctional acyl halide and nanoparticles. 4. An interfacial polymerization process for preparing a highly permeable reverse osmosis (RO) membrane, comprising: contacting on a porous support membrane to form a discrimination layer by interfacial polymerization: a) a first solution containing a polyfunctional acyl halide; andb) a second solution containing a polyamine and a metal additive selected from among strontium hexafluoroacetylacetonate (Sr(F6acac)2) and aluminum acetylacetonate (Al(acac)3),wherein at least one of solutions a) and b) contains nanoparticles; andrecovering a highly permeable RO membrane comprising the porous support membrane and the discrimination layer, wherein the RO membrane is characterized by a flux that is greater than the flux of a RO membrane prepared in the absence of the metal additive. 5. The process of claim 4, wherein the polyamine is selected from among diaminobenzene, triaminobenzene, m-phenylene diamine, p-phenylene diamine, 3,5-diamino-benzoic acid, 2,4-diaminotoluene, 2,4-diaminoanisole, xylylene-diamine, ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, piperazine, and tris(2-diaminoethyl)amine. 6. The process of claim 4 wherein the polyfunctional acid halide is selected from among trimesoyl chloride, trimellitic acid chloride, isophthaloyl chloride, and terephthaloyl chloride. 7. The process of claim 4, further comprising exposing the discrimination layer to a sodium carbonate solution of pH 8-12 for a time period from about 10 seconds to about 30 minutes. 8. The process of claim 4, further comprising applying a rinse to the discrimination layer, wherein: a) the rinse comprises water at a temperature of from 60° C. to 98° C.; orb) the rinse comprises a chlorine species. 9. A RO membrane prepared according to the process of claim 4, wherein the membrane exhibits: a) a salt rejection of at least 99.5% when the membrane is exposed to deionized water containing 32,000 ppm NaCl at a temperature of 25° C. and at a pressure of 800 psi; orb) a flux of at least 30 gfd when the membrane is exposed to deionized water containing 32,000 ppm NaCl at a temperature of 25° C. and at a pressure of 800 psi; orc) both a) and b). 10. A method of purifying brackish water or seawater, comprising contacting the brackish water or seawater with the RO membrane of claim 9.
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