A distance measuring apparatus and method for calculating a distance in a conducting structure are provided. One distance measuring apparatus provides for calculating a distance between a reflection body in a conducting structure and an injection point provided on an end section of the conducting st
A distance measuring apparatus and method for calculating a distance in a conducting structure are provided. One distance measuring apparatus provides for calculating a distance between a reflection body in a conducting structure and an injection point provided on an end section of the conducting structure for electromagnetic waves is provided. The distance measuring apparatus includes a transmitting and receiving device with a conduction cross-over provided at the injection point for the coaxially-inductive coupling of the transmitting and receiving device to the conducting structure in order to inject an electromagnetic wave into the conducting structure and to decouple the electromagnetic wave reflected on the reflection body from the conducting structure. The distance measuring apparatus also includes an analysis device for calculating a distance between the injection point and the reflection body from the phase difference between the injected electromagnetic wave and the decoupled electromagnetic wave.
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1. A distance measuring apparatus for calculating a distance between a reflection body in a conducting structure and an injection point provided on an end section of the conducting structure for electromagnetic waves, the distance measuring apparatus comprising: a transmitting and receiving device w
1. A distance measuring apparatus for calculating a distance between a reflection body in a conducting structure and an injection point provided on an end section of the conducting structure for electromagnetic waves, the distance measuring apparatus comprising: a transmitting and receiving device with a conduction cross-over provided at the injection point for coaxially-inductive coupling of the transmitting and receiving device to the conducting structure in order to inject an electromagnetic wave into the conducting structure and to decouple the electromagnetic wave reflected on the reflection body from the conducting structure, the conduction cross-over including an electrically conductive, inductive mode transformer that is configured to inject the electromagnetic wave, the transmitting and receiving device comprising a 2-channel receiver for receiving vertically and horizontally polarized waves at the same time;and an analysis device for calculating a distance between the injection point and the reflection body from the phase difference between the injected electromagnetic wave and the decoupled electromagnetic wave. 2. The distance measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the conducting structure is in the form of a hollow cylinder. 3. The distance measuring apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the hollow cylinder is in the form of a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder or measuring cylinder. 4. The distance measuring apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising: a piston in the hollow cylinder acting as a reflection body. 5. The distance measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the injection of the electromagnetic wave into the conducting structure is a frequency range between 1 MHz and 100 GHz in the form of a monomodal electromagnetic wave. 6. The distance measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the injection of the electromagnetic wave into the conducting structure is in an H11 or E01 mode, or with a coaxial conductor structure in a TEM mode. 7. The distance measuring apparatus according to claim 6, wherein a linearly polarized, electromagnetic wave in the E01 mode is generated by in phase injection of a coaxial wave into the conducting structure by the electrically conductive, inductive mode transformer or by two or four electrically conductive, inductive mode transformers. 8. The distance measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive, inductive mode transformer configured to inject a horizontally or vertically linearly polarized, electromagnetic wave into the conducting structure. 9. The distance measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the conduction cross-over comprises two of the electrically conductive, inductive mode transformers that are arranged offset by 180 degrees in relation to one another over a circular path of a circle provided in the region of the end section, the two electrically conductive, inductive mode transformers configured to inject linearly polarized, electromagnetic waves, which are phase-shifted by 180 degrees in relation to one another, into the conducting structure. 10. The distance measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the conduction cross-over comprises two of the electrically conductive, inductive mode transformers that are arranged offset by 90 degrees in relation to one another over a circular path of a circle provided in the region of the end section, the two electrically conductive inductive mode transformers configured to inject vertically or horizontally polarized, electromagnetic waves in parallel into the conducting structure. 11. The distance measuring apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the electrically conductive, inductive mode transformers are configured for operation with multiple piston systems with at least one outer piston and at least one inner piston to decouple both the electromagnetic wave reflected by the outer piston and reflected by the inner piston to detect the distance between the outer piston or the inner piston and the injection point. 12. The distance measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the conduction cross-over comprises four electrically conductive, inductive mode transformers that are arranged offset by 90 degrees in relation to one another over a circular path of a circle provided in the region of the end section, and offset by 180 degrees in relation to one another are configured to inject wherein two of the transformers are vertically polarized, electromagnetic waves, which are phase-shifted by 180 degrees in relation to one another, in parallel into the conducting structure and two of the transformers offset by 180 degrees in relation to one another are configured to inject horizontally polarized electromagnetic waves, which are phase-shifted by 180 degrees in relation to one another, in parallel into the conducting structure, and which are respectively offset by 90 degrees in relation to the mode transformers for the vertically polarized, electromagnetic waves. 13. The distance measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the conduction cross-over comprises two electrically conductive, inductive mode transformers that are arranged offset by 90 degrees in relation to one another over a circular path of a circle provided in the region of the end section, the two electrically conductive, inductive mode transformers configured to inject linearly polarized, electromagnetic waves, which are phase-shifted by 90 degrees in relation to one another into the conducting structure. 14. The distance measuring apparatus according to claim 13 wherein the transmitting and receiving device for the respective mode transformer comprises a branch line coupler and a coupler downstream of the latter with a 3dB coupling and with a phase rotation of 180 degrees. 15. The distance measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the conduction cross-over comprises four of the electrically conductive, inductive mode transformers that are arranged offset by 90 degrees in relation to one another over a circular path of a circle provided in the region of the end section, the two electrically conductive, inductive node transformers configured to inject circularly polarized, electromagnetic waves, which are fed, phase-shifted by 90 degrees, respectively, in a clockwise direction. 16. The distance measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the respective mode transformer has the shape of a mechanical stairway. 17. The distance measuring apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the mechanical stairway is arranged with a decreasing step height in the direction of the reflection body on the conducting structure. 18. The distance measuring apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the respective stairway is designed with at least two steps. 19. The distance measuring apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the conduction cross-over includes for the coupling of the transmitting and receiving device to the conducting structure, a contacting between the respective mode transformer and a coaxial inner conductor, which is inserted on the end of the conducting structure into the rear surface of a highest step of the mechanical stairway of the transformer. 20. The distance measuring apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the conducting structure further comprising a cover rear wall and wherein an end section is between the rear surface of a highest step of the mechanical stairway and the cover rear wall of the conducting structure. 21. The distance measuring apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a dielectric disc adjacent to the electrically conductive, inductive mode transformer, wherein the dielectric disc is provided in a center with an inner tube such that a damping piston can plunge into the inner tube. 22. The distance measuring apparatus according to claim 21, wherein the inner tube is formed from metal. 23. The distance measuring apparatus according to claim 21, wherein the dielectric disc is configured to act as a piston stop. 24. The distance measuring apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising, in the conducting structure, a piston stop that co-operates as two quadrant rings with the conducting structure. 25. A method for calculating a distance between a reflection body in a conducting structure and an injection point for electromagnetic waves provided at an end section of the conducting structure, the method comprising: injecting an electromagnetic wave into the conducting structure via a coaxially inductive conduction cross-over at the injection point, the conduction cross-over including an electrically conductive, inductive mode transformer that injects the electromagnetic wave;decoupling the electromagnetic wave reflected on the reflection body from the conducting structure via the conduction cross-over;calculating a distance between the injection point and the reflection body from the phase difference between the injected and the decoupled electromagnetic waveconverting an anti-clockwise or clockwise electromagnetic wave with circular polarization using a branch line coupler into a horizontally or vertically polarized electromagnetic wave, a total reflection on the reflection body with circular polarization causing a reversal in the direction of rotation, wherein a left-circular wave becomes a right-circular wave or vice versa. 26. The method according to claim 25, wherein e electromagnetic wave is injected into the conducting structure in an E01 mode or in an H11 mode, or with the coaxial conductor structure in a TEM mode. 27. The method according to claim 25, wherein transmission signals with different transmission frequencies are injected with the electromagnetic wave. 28. The method according to claim 27, wherein the transmission frequencies are selected such that the difference between the transmission frequencies is about a 1% difference from the absolute value. 29. The method according to claim 27, wherein the transmission frequencies are selected such that the difference between the transmission frequencies is about a 20% difference from the absolute value. 30. The method according to claim 25, wherein the transmission signals radiated by the electromagnetic wave are provided continuously. 31. The method according to claim 25, wherein the transmission signals are in the form of CW signals and injected with the electromagnetic wave. 32. The method according to claim 25, wherein further comprising analyzing in parallel electromagnetic waves formed with vertical and horizontal polarization. 33. The distance measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the distance measuring apparatus is in the form of an end section of the conducting structure. 34. The distance measuring apparatus according to claim 33, wherein the distance measuring apparatus is arranged detachably on the conducting structure. 35. The conducting structure according to claim 33, wherein the distance measuring apparatus is held in the conducting structure on the side facing towards the reflection body by a protrusion provided on the conducting structure which co-operates with the distance measuring apparatus. 36. The conducting structure according to claim 33, wherein the distance measuring apparatus is held in the conducting structure on the side facing away from the reflection body by a clamping ring which co-operates with the conducting structure and the end section. 37. The conducting structure according to claim 33, wherein the distance measuring apparatus is held in the conducting structure by at least one locking pin which co-operates with the conducting structure and the end section. 38. The conducting structure according to claim 33, further comprising a seal between the distance measuring apparatus and the conducting structure. 39. The conducting structure according to claim 38, wherein the seal is in the form of a sealing ring.
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이 특허에 인용된 특허 (5)
Gunther Trummer DE; Armin Seitz DE; Alfred Neugobauer DE; Karl Forster, Distance measuring device and method for determining a distance.
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