A system configured for the production of at least one product selected from the group consisting of syngas, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products, power, and chemicals, the system comprising a dual fluidized bed gasification apparatus and at least one apparatus selected from power production apparatus
A system configured for the production of at least one product selected from the group consisting of syngas, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products, power, and chemicals, the system comprising a dual fluidized bed gasification apparatus and at least one apparatus selected from power production apparatus configured to produce power from the gasification product gas, partial oxidation reactors configured for oxidation of at least a portion of the product gas, tar removal apparatus configured to reduce the amount of tar in the product gas, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis apparatus configured to produce Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products from at least a portion of the product gas, chemical production apparatus configured for the production of at least one non-Fischer-Tropsch product from at least a portion of the product gas, and dual fluidized bed gasification units configured to alter the composition of the product gas. Methods of operating the system are also provided.
대표청구항▼
1. A system configured for the production of at least one product selected from the group consisting of synthesis gas, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products, power, and chemicals, the system comprising: a dual fluidized bed gasification apparatus comprising: a gasifier and a combustor, wherein the comb
1. A system configured for the production of at least one product selected from the group consisting of synthesis gas, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products, power, and chemicals, the system comprising: a dual fluidized bed gasification apparatus comprising: a gasifier and a combustor, wherein the combustor is configured for heating a particulate heat transfer material, thus producing a combustor flue gas; and wherein the gasifier is configured to receive the heated particulate heat transfer material and a carbonaceous feedstock, whereby the heated particulate heat transfer material provides heat for endothermic gasification of the carbonaceous feedstock, thus producing a gasification product gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and entrained particulate material;at least one combustor particulate separator configured to separate heated particulate heat transfer material from the combustor flue gas; anda gasifier seal pot, wherein the gasifier seal pot is directly connected with the at least one combustor particulate separator, whereby all of the separated heated particulate heat transfer material is introduced directly from the at least one combustor particulate separator into the gasifier seal pot, wherein the gasifier seal pot is configured to prevent backflow of material from the gasifier into the at least one combustor particulate separator, wherein the gasifier seal pot contains a distributor selected from the group consisting of ring distributors, pipe distributors, and Christmas tree distributors, and whereby a gasifier seal pot fluidization gas can be introduced thereto, and wherein the gasifier seal pot comprises a single outlet, said single outlet directly connected with an inlet of the gasifier; andpower production apparatus configured to produce power from a first portion of the gasification product gas and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis apparatus configured to produce Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products from a second portion of the gasification product gas. 2. The system of claim 1 further comprising at least one expander downstream of at least one combustor particulate separator, and configured to recover energy from a particulate-reduced flue gas introduced thereto. 3. The system of claim 2 further comprising heat recovery apparatus downstream of the at least one expander. 4. The system of claim 1 comprising at least one combustor particulate separator that is a cyclone, wherein the at least one combustor cyclone is operable at a superficial velocity in the range of from about 70 to about 85 ft/s. 5. The system of claim 1 comprising (a) at least one primary gasifier particulate separator configured to separate particulate heat transfer material from the entrained product, thus providing a particulate-reduced product comprising ash, and at least one secondary gasifier particulate separator configured to separate particulate heat transfer material from the particulate-reduced product, (b) at least one primary combustor particulate separator configured to separate particulate heat transfer material from the flue gas, thus providing a particulate-reduced flue gas comprising ash, and at least one secondary combustor particulate separator configured to separate particulate heat transfer material from the particulate-reduced flue gas; or both (a) and (b). 6. The system of claim 5 configured for introduction of the separated particulate materials from the primary gasifier particulate separator, the secondary gasifier particulate separator, or both into the combustor for heating therein. 7. The system of claim 5 further comprising a scrubber downstream of the secondary gasifier particulate separator, a scrubber downstream of the secondary combustor particulate separator, or both, wherein the scrubber is configured to scrub sulfur from a gas introduced thereto, via contact thereof with a liquid comprising at least a portion of the ash. 8. The system of claim 5 wherein the at least one primary gasifier particulate separator, the at least one primary combustor particulate separator, or both is configured for removal of greater than 99, 99.9, or 99.98 weight percent of the particulate heat transfer material from a gas introduced thereto. 9. The system of claim 8 wherein the at least one secondary gasifier particulate separator, the at least one secondary combustor particulate separator, or both is configured for removal of greater than about 60, 70, 80, 85, or 90 weight percent of the ash from a gas introduced thereto. 10. The system of claim 1 further comprising one or more heat recovery apparatus configured for recovery of heat from the gasification product gas, from the combustor flue gas, or from both the gasification product gas and the combustor flue gas. 11. The system of claim 10 wherein the at least one heat recovery apparatus comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of air preheaters, boiler feedwater preheaters, steam superheaters, waste heat boilers, waste heat superheaters, and economizers. 12. The system of claim 11 comprising an air preheater configured to recover heat from the gasification product gas and introduce heated air into the combustor. 13. The system of claim 10 comprising (a) at least one heat recovery apparatus located downstream of the at least one primary gasifier particulate separator, (b) at least one heat recovery apparatus located downstream of the at least one primary combustor particulate separator, or both (a) and (b). 14. The system of claim 10 comprising (a) at least one heat recovery apparatus located upstream of the at least one secondary gasifier particulate separator, (b) at least one heat recovery apparatus located upstream of the at least one secondary combustor particulate separator, or both (a) and (b). 15. The system of claim 14 wherein the at least one secondary particulate separator downstream of the at least one heat recovery apparatus is operable at a temperature of less than about 400° F. 16. The system of claim 1 further comprising heat recovery apparatus downstream of at least one particulate separator. 17. The system of claim 1 further comprising at least one gasifier particulate separator, and at least one sealing apparatus selected from seal pots and valves configured to prevent backflow of material from the combustor into the at least one gasifier particulate separator. 18. The system of claim 17 comprising a valve selected from J-valves and L-valves. 19. A system configured for the production of at least one product selected from the group consisting of synthesis gas, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products, power, and chemicals, the system comprising: a dual fluidized bed gasification apparatus comprising: a gasifier and a combustor, wherein the combustor is configured for heating a particulate heat transfer material, thus producing a combustor flue gas; and wherein the gasifier is configured to receive the heated particulate heat transfer material and a carbonaceous feedstock, whereby the heated particulate heat transfer material provides heat for endothermic gasification of the carbonaceous feedstock, thus producing a gasification product gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and entrained particulate material;a combustor particulate separator configured to separate heated particulate heat transfer material from the combustor flue gas, to provide a particulate-reduced flue gas;at least one expander downstream of the combustor particulate separator and configured to recover energy from the particulate-reduced flue gas;a J-valve configured to prevent backflow of material from the gasifier into the at least one combustor particulate separator; wherein the J valve is directly connected with the combustor particulate separator, whereby all of the separated heated particulate heat transfer material is introduced directly from the at least one combustor particulate separator into the J valve, and wherein the J valve comprises a single outlet, said single outlet directly connected with an inlet of the gasifier; andpower production apparatus configured to produce power from a first portion of the gasification product gas and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis apparatus configured to produce Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products from a second portion of the gasification product gas. 20. The system of claim 17 further comprising at least one combustor seal pot configured to prevent backflow of material from the combustor into the at least one gasifier particulate separator. 21. The system of claim 20 wherein the gasifier seal pot, the at least one combustor seal pot, or both is configured for operation at a minimum fluidization velocity of greater than about 0.2 ft/s. 22. The system of claim 21 wherein the gasifier seal pot, the at least one combustor seal pot, or both is configured for operation at a minimum fluidization velocity of greater than about 1.5 ft/s. 23. The system of claim 20 wherein the pressure drop across the gasifier seal pot, the at least one combustor seal pot, or both is at least 2 psig, is less than about 20 psig, or both. 24. The system of claim 20 wherein the at least one gasifier particulate separator comprises a dipleg extending from at or near a bottom thereof, and wherein the dipleg extends a distance into the at least one combustor seal pot from at or near a top thereof; wherein the at least one combustor particulate separator comprises a dipleg extending from at or near a bottom thereof, and wherein the dipleg extends a distance into the gasifier seal pot from at or near a top thereof; or both. 25. The system of claim 24 wherein the at least one combustor seal pot comprises a combustor seal pot distributor and wherein the dipleg of the at least one gasifier particulate separator extends to a distance no less than about 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, or 18 inches from the combustor seal pot distributor; wherein the dipleg of the at least one combustor particulate separator extends to a distance no less than about 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, or 18 inches from the gasifier seal pot distributor; or both. 26. The system of claim 24 wherein the minimum distance from a dipleg to a side or bottom of the seal pot into which said dipleg extends is at least 10 inches. 27. A system configured for the production of at least one product selected from the group consisting of synthesis gas, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products, power, and chemicals, the system comprising: a dual fluidized bed gasification apparatus comprising: a gasifier and a combustor, wherein the combustor is configured for heating a particulate heat transfer material, thus producing a combustor flue gas; and wherein the gasifier is configured to receive the heated particulate heat transfer material and a carbonaceous feedstock, whereby the heated particulate heat transfer material provides heat for endothermic gasification of the carbonaceous feedstock, thus producing a gasification product gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and entrained particulate material; andat least two gasifier particulate separators configured to separate gasification product gas from the entrained product, each gasifier particulate separator comprising a dipleg extending a distance into a combustor seal pot; at least two combustor particulate separators configured to separate heated particulate heat transfer material from the combustor flue gas, each combustor particulate separator comprising a dipleg extending a distance into a gasifier seal pot; or least two gasifier particulate separators and at least two combustor particulate separators,wherein the minimum dipleg to dipleg separation within a seal pot is at least 10 inches; andpower production apparatus configured to produce power from a first portion of the gasification product gas and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis apparatus configured to produce Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products from a second portion of the gasification product gas. 28. The system of claim 20 wherein an angle selected from the group consisting of an angle formed between an at least one combustor seal pot and the combustor and an angle formed between the gasifier seal pot and the gasifier is in the range of from about 5° to about 90°. 29. The system of claim 28 wherein the angle is less than about 45°. 30. The system of claim 20, wherein the at least one combustor seal pot is fluidized by a combustor seal pot fluidization gas. 31. The system of claim 30 wherein the combustor is configured for fluidization with a combustor fluidization gas comprising primarily air or oxygen. 32. The system of claim 31 configured for introduction of at least or about 20% of the combustor fluidization gas needed in the combustor via the at least one combustor seal pot. 33. The system of claim 20 wherein at least one combustor seal pot, the gasifier seal pot, or both is substantially round or rectangular. 34. The system of claim 33 wherein at least one seal pot is substantially rectangular and wherein the operating pressure of the at least one rectangular seal pot is less than about 15 psig.
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