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Kafe 바로가기국가/구분 | United States(US) Patent 등록 |
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국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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출원번호 | US-0445003 (2012-04-12) |
등록번호 | US-9353682 (2016-05-31) |
발명자 / 주소 |
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출원인 / 주소 |
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대리인 / 주소 |
|
인용정보 | 피인용 횟수 : 3 인용 특허 : 531 |
A method of controlling a power plant that comprises a working fluid and a recirculation loop, wherein the power plant includes a combustor operably connected to a turbine, the method including the steps of: recirculating at least a portion of the working fluid through the recirculation loop; contro
A method of controlling a power plant that comprises a working fluid and a recirculation loop, wherein the power plant includes a combustor operably connected to a turbine, the method including the steps of: recirculating at least a portion of the working fluid through the recirculation loop; controlling the power plant such that the combustor at least periodically operates at a preferred stoichiometric ratio; and extracting the working fluid from at least one of a first extraction point and a second extraction point positioned on the recirculation loop during the periods when the combustor operates at the preferred stoichiometric ratio.
1. A method of controlling a power plant that comprises a working fluid and a recirculation loop, wherein the power plant includes a combustor operably connected to a turbine, and wherein the recirculation loop comprises a recirculation compressor, the combustor positioned downstream of the recircul
1. A method of controlling a power plant that comprises a working fluid and a recirculation loop, wherein the power plant includes a combustor operably connected to a turbine, and wherein the recirculation loop comprises a recirculation compressor, the combustor positioned downstream of the recirculation compressor, the turbine positioned downstream of the combustor, and a recirculation conduit configured to direct an outflow of the working fluid from the turbine to the recirculation compressor, the method including the steps of: recirculating at least a portion of the working fluid through the recirculation loop;controlling the power plant such that the combustor at least periodically operates at a preferred stoichiometric ratio by controlling an amount of a compressed oxidant supplied to the combustor at an oxidant input and an amount of a fuel supplied to the combustor at a fuel input, wherein the recirculation loop is configured to prevent the input of the compressed oxidant and the fuel to all locations except for the oxidant input and the fuel input, respectively, occurring in the combustor;extracting the working fluid from a first extraction point and a second extraction point positioned on the recirculation loop during periods when the combustor operates at the preferred stoichiometric ratio;determining a characteristic of the working fluid at the first extraction point;determining the characteristic of the working fluid at the second extraction point; andbased on the characteristic of the working fluid at the first extraction point and the characteristic of the working fluid at the second extraction point, extracting the working fluid from both the first extraction point and the second extraction point;determining a preferred value for the characteristic of the working fluid based on an intended downstream application; andcontrollably mixing the working fluid extracted from the first extraction point and the working fluid extracted from the second extraction point such that a combined flow of extracted working fluid comprises the preferred value for the characteristic of the working fluid. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: the first extraction point comprises a first controllable extraction valve, wherein the first controllable extraction valve is controllable to at least three settings: a closed setting that prevents extraction of the working fluid at the first extraction point and two open settings that allow for the extraction of differing levels of the working fluid at the first extraction point;the second extraction point comprises a second controllable extraction valve, wherein the second controllable extraction valve is controllable to at least three settings: a closed setting that prevents extraction of the working fluid at the second extraction point and two open settings that allow for the extraction of differing levels of the working fluid at the second extraction point; andwherein extracting the working fluid from the first extraction point and the second extraction point comprises controlling the settings of the first and second controllable extraction valves, respectively. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein: the step of controlling the amount of the compressed oxidant supplied to the combustor includes: compressing oxidant in an oxidant compressor to generate the compressed oxidant; directing the compressed oxidant derived from the oxidant compressor through an oxidant conduit that includes a controllable oxidant valve that is controllable to at least two open settings that allow controlled delivery of the amount of the compressed oxidant to the combustor; and manipulating the at least two open settings of the controllable oxidant valve to vary the amount of the compressed oxidant delivered to the combustor; andthe step of controlling the amount of the fuel amount supplied to the combustor includes: directing the fuel derived from a fuel supply through a controllable fuel valve to the combustor, wherein the controllable fuel valve is controllable to at least two open settings that allow controlled delivery of the amount of the fuel to the combustor; andmanipulating the at least two open settings of the controllable fuel valve to vary the amount of the fuel delivered to the combustor. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein: the outflow of the working fluid from the turbine comprises exhaust gases, which, via the recirculation conduit, are directed to the recirculation compressor;the recirculation compressor is configured to compress the exhaust gases such that the outflow of the working fluid from the recirculation compressor comprises compressed exhaust gases;the step of controlling the power plant such that the combustor at least periodically operates at the preferred stoichiometric ratio includes using a computerized control unit that is configured to control the settings of the controllable oxidant valve and the controllable fuel value; andthe preferred stoichiometric ratio comprises a stoichiometric ratio of about 1. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the preferred stoichiometric ratio comprises a range of stoichiometric ratios between 0.75 and 1.25. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the preferred stoichiometric ratio comprises a range of stoichiometric ratios between 0.9 and 1.1. 7. The method according to claim 2, wherein the step of controllably mixing the working fluid extracted from the first extraction point and the second extraction point includes the steps of: controlling the setting of the first controllable extraction valve such that a first predetermined amount of the working fluid is extracted from the first extraction point;controlling the setting of the second controllable extraction valve such that a second predetermined amount of the working fluid is extracted from the second extraction point; andcombining the first predetermined amount of the working fluid with the second predetermined amount of the working fluid at a combining junction such that a combined flow of the working fluid extracted from the first extraction point and from the second extraction point is formed;wherein, given the characteristic of the working fluid at the first extraction point and the the characteristic of the working fluid at the second extraction point, the first predetermined amount of the working fluid extracted from the first extraction point and the second predetermined amount of the working fluid extracted from the second extraction point comprise amounts of the working fluid that, once mixed, result in the combined flow of the working fluid having the preferred value for the characteristic. 8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of determining the intended downstream application for the working fluid extracted from the first extraction point and from the second extraction point; wherein the preferred value for the characteristic of the working fluid is based on a predetermined preferred value given the intended downstream application. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein extracting the working fluid from the first extraction point and the second extraction point comprises the steps of: when the preferred value for the characteristic is within a predetermined range nested between the characteristic of the working fluid at the first extraction point and the characteristic of the working fluid at the second extraction point, extracting the working fluid from the first extraction point and the second extraction point. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the characteristic of the working fluid comprises pressure or temperature. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein: the first extraction point comprises a predetermined first location within the recirculation loop, wherein the predetermined first location is at the recirculation compressor, at the turbine, or downstream of the turbine and upstream of the recirculation compressor; andthe second extraction point comprises a predetermined second location within the recirculation loop, wherein the predetermined second location is at the recirculation compressor, at the turbine, or downstream of the turbine and upstream of the recirculation compressor. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein: the predetermined first location is within the recirculation compressor; andthe predetermined second location is within the turbine. 13. The method according to claim 11, wherein: the predetermined first location is within the recirculation compressor; andthe predetermined second location is within the recirculation conduit. 14. The method according to claim 11, wherein: the predetermined first location is within the turbine; andthe predetermined second location is within the recirculation conduit. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein: the first extraction point comprises a first location within the recirculation compressor, the first location being selected because the first location coincides with a desired pressure or temperature level for the working fluid at the first location during a first mode of operation for the power plant; andthe second extraction point comprises a second location within the recirculation compressor, the second location being selected because the second location coincides with the desired pressure or temperature level for the working fluid at the second location during a second mode of operation for the power plant;and wherein the method further comprises the step of extracting the working fluid from the first extraction point at the first location when the power plant operates in the first mode of operation, and extracting the working fluid from the second extraction point at the second location when the power plant operates in a second mode of operation. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the first mode of operation comprises a base load mode of operation and the second mode of operation comprises a turndown mode of operation. 17. The method according to claim 1, wherein: the first extraction point comprises a first location within the turbine, the first location being selected because the first location coincides with a desired pressure or temperature level for the working fluid during a first mode of operation for the power plant; andthe second extraction point comprises a second location within the turbine, the second location being selected because the second location coincides with the desired pressure or temperature level for the working fluid during a second mode of operation for the power plant;further comprising the step of extracting the working fluid from the first extraction point when the power plant operates in the first mode of operation, and extracting the working fluid from the second extraction point when the power plant operates in a second mode of operation. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the first mode of operation comprises a base load mode of operation and the second mode of operation comprises a turndown mode of operation. 19. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: dumping the working fluid extracted at the first extraction point, the second extraction point, or both to atmosphere. 20. A power plant comprising: a recirculation loop about which a working fluid is recirculated, the recirculation loop comprising a plurality of components configured to accept an outflow of the working fluid from a neighboring upstream component and provide an inflow of the working fluid to a neighboring downstream component, wherein the recirculation loop includes: a recirculation compressor; a combustor positioned downstream of the recirculation compressor; a turbine positioned downstream of the combustor; and a recirculation conduit configured to direct the outflow of the working fluid from the turbine as the inflow of the working fluid to the recirculation compressor;a first extraction means for extracting the working fluid from a first extraction point on the recirculation loop, wherein the first extraction point is located in the recirculation compressor, in the turbine, or in the recirculation conduit;a second extraction means for extracting the working fluid from a second extraction point on the recirculation loop, wherein the second extraction point is located in the recirculation compressor, in the turbine, or in the recirculation conduit;means for controlling the power plant such that the combustor operates at least in periods at a preferred stoichiometric ratio; andwherein the means for controlling the power plant comprises a computerized control unit configured to control extraction of the working fluid from the first extraction point, by the first extraction means, and from the second extraction point, by the second extraction means, during periods when the combustor operates at the preferred stoichiometric ratio, wherein the computerized control unit is configured to control mixing of the working fluid extracted from the first extraction point and the working fluid extracted from the second extraction point to generate a combined working fluid having a preferred value for a characteristic of the combined working fluid based on an intended downstream application. 21. The power plant according to claim 20, wherein: the means for controlling the power plant such that the combustor operates at least in the periods at the preferred stoichiometric ratio comprises means for controlling an amount of a compressed oxidant supplied to the combustor and means for controlling an amount of a fuel supplied to the combustor;the first extraction means for extracting the working fluid comprises a first controllable extraction valve at the first extraction point, and wherein the first controllable extraction valve is controllable to at least two settings: a closed setting that prevents extraction of the working fluid and an open setting that allows the extraction of the working fluid; andthe second extraction means for extracting the working fluid comprises a second controllable extraction valve at the second extraction point, and wherein the second controllable is controllable to at least two settings: a closed setting that prevents extraction of the working fluid and an open setting that allows the extraction of the working fluid. 22. The power plant according to claim 21, wherein: the means for controlling the amount of the compressed oxidant supplied to the combustor includes an oxidant compressor, an oxidant conduit that is configured to direct the compressed oxidant derived from the oxidant compressor to the combustor, and a controllable oxidant valve disposed on the oxidant conduit that is controllable to at least two open settings that allow delivery of the amount of the compressed oxidant to the combustor and manipulating the at least two open settings of the controllable oxidant valve to vary the amount of the compressed oxidant delivered to the combustor; andthe means for controlling the amount of the fuel supplied to the combustor comprises a combustor fuel supply that includes a controllable fuel valve, the controllable fuel valve being controllable to at least two open settings that allow delivery of the amount of the fuel to the combustor; and manipulating the at least two open settings of the controllable fuel valve to vary the amount of the fuel delivered to the combustor. 23. The power plant according to claim 22, wherein: the outflow of the working fluid from the turbine comprises exhaust gases, which, via the recirculation conduit, are directed to the recirculation compressor;the recirculation compressor is configured to compress the exhaust gases such that the outflow of the working fluid from the recirculation compressor comprises compressed exhaust gases; and wherein the computerized control unit that is configured to control the settings of the controllable oxidant valve and the controllable fuel valve and means for determining a current stoichiometric ratio at which the combustor operates and whether the current stoichiometric ratio is equal to the preferred stoichiometric ratio. 24. The power plant according to claim 23, wherein the preferred stoichiometric ratio comprises a stoichiometric ratio of between 0.75 and 1.25. 25. The power plant according to claim 23, wherein the preferred stoichiometric ratio comprises a stoichiometric ratio of between 0.9 and 1.1. 26. The power plant according to claim 23, wherein the means for determining the current stoichiometric ratio at which the combustor operates comprises: means for measuring the amount of the compressed oxidant being supplied to the combustor and means for measuring the amount of the fuel being supplied to the combustor; andthe computerized control unit being configured to calculate the current stoichiometric ratio at which the combustor operates based on a measurement of the amount of the compressed oxidant and a measurement of the amount of the fuel being supplied to the combustor. 27. The power plant according to claim 26, wherein the means for determining the current stoichiometric ratio at which the combustor operates comprises a testing means for testing the working fluid exhausted from the combustor, the testing means comprises at least one of a sensor for detecting excess oxidant and a sensor for detecting unspent fuel; and the testing location comprises a location within a range of positions on the recirculation loop, the range of positions being defined between an inlet to the turbine, and proceeding in an downstream direction, an inlet to the combustor. 28. The power plant according to claim 23, wherein the computerized control unit is configured to selectively extract the working fluid from at least one of the first extraction point or the second extraction point based on whether the current stoichiometric ratio in the combustor is determined to be equal to the preferred stoichiometric ratio. 29. The power plant according to claim 23, wherein: the recirculation conduit is configured to collect a portion of the exhaust gases from the turbine and direct the portion of the exhaust gases to an intake of the recirculation compressor;the recirculation conduit further comprises a heat recovery steam generator, the heat recovery steam generator including a boiler, the heat recovery steam generator being configured such that the exhaust gases from the turbine comprises a heat source for the boiler;the recirculation conduit includes at least one of a chiller and a blower positioned thereon, the chiller being configured to controllably remove an amount of heat from the exhaust gases flowing through the recirculation conduit such that a more desirable temperature is achieved at the intake of the recirculation compressor, and the blower being configured to controllably circulate the exhaust gases flowing through the recirculation conduit such that a more desirable pressure is achieved at the intake of the recirculation compressor. 30. The power plant according to claim 23, further comprising: means for determining a characteristic of the working fluid at the first extraction point;means for determining the characteristic of the working fluid at the second extraction point; andwherein the computerized control unit is configured to selectively extract the working fluid from just the first extraction point, just the second extraction point, or both the first extraction point and the second extraction point based on the characteristic of the working fluid at the first extraction point and the second extraction point. 31. The power plant according to claim 30, wherein: the first extraction point comprises a location within the recirculation compressor; andthe second extraction point comprises a location within the turbine. 32. The power plant according to claim 30, wherein: the first extraction point comprises a location within the recirculation compressor; andthe second extraction point comprises a location within the recirculation conduit. 33. The power plant according to claim 30, wherein: the first extraction point comprises a location within the turbine; andthe second extraction point comprises a location within the recirculation conduit. 34. The power plant according to claim 30, wherein: the first extraction point comprises a first location within the recirculation compressor, the first location being selected to provide a desired pressure or temperature level for the working fluid during a first mode of operation for the power plant; andthe second extraction point comprises a second location within the recirculation compressor, the second location being selected to provide the desired pressure or temperature level for the working fluid during a second mode of operation for the power plant;the computerized control unit is configured to extract the working fluid from the first extraction point when the power plant operates in the first mode of operation and extract the working fluid from the second extraction point when the power plant operates in the second mode of operation. 35. The power plant according to claim 34, wherein the first mode of operation comprises a base load mode of operation and the second mode of operation comprises a turndown mode of operation. 36. The power plant according to claim 30, wherein: the first extraction point comprises a first location within the turbine, the first location being selected to provide a desired pressure or temperature level for the working fluid during a first mode of operation for the power plant; andthe second extraction point comprises a second location within the turbine, the second location being selected to provide the desired pressure or temperature level during a second mode of operation for the power plant;the computerized control unit is configured to extract the working fluid from the first extraction point when the power plant operates in the first mode of operation, and extract the working fluid from the second extraction point when the power plant operates in the second mode of operation. 37. The power plant according to claim 36, wherein the first mode of operation comprises a base load mode of operation and the second mode of operation comprises a turndown mode of operation.
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