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The application relates to a composition comprising: a stably integrating delivery vector; a modified mammalian thymidylate kinase (tmpk) wherein the modified mammalian tmpk increases phosphorylation of a prodrug relative to phosophorylation of the prodrug by wild-type human tmpk; and a detection ca

The application relates to a composition comprising: a stably integrating delivery vector; a modified mammalian thymidylate kinase (tmpk) wherein the modified mammalian tmpk increases phosphorylation of a prodrug relative to phosophorylation of the prodrug by wild-type human tmpk; and a detection cassette fused to tmpk. The application also relates to use of these compositions in methods of treatment of diseases such as graft versus host disease and cancer.

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1. A method of enhancing the capability of a mammalian cell in phosphorylating AZT comprising introducing into the cell in vitro or ex vivo a a stably integrating delivery vector, the vector comprising;i) a modified human thymidylate kinase (tmpk) polynucleotide that encodes a modified human tmpk po

1. A method of enhancing the capability of a mammalian cell in phosphorylating AZT comprising introducing into the cell in vitro or ex vivo a a stably integrating delivery vector, the vector comprising;i) a modified human thymidylate kinase (tmpk) polynucleotide that encodes a modified human tmpk polypeptide comprising a modification selected from (a) a F to Y mutation at amino acid position 105 of SEQ ID NO: 11, (b) a R to G point mutation at amino acid position 16 of SEQ ID NO: 12, or (c) a R to A mutation at amino acid position 200 of SEQ ID NO: 16 that increases phosphorylation of azidothymidine (AZT) relative to phosphorylation of AZT by wild type human tmpk polypeptide;ii) a detection cassette polynucleotide that encodes a detection cassette polypeptide that is cell surface expressed, wherein the detection cassette polynucleotide is fused to the modified human tmpk polynucleotide and the detection cassette polypeptide is fused to the modified human tmpk polypeptide; andiii) a promoter functional in a mammalian cell operably connected to the coding sequence of the tmpk/detection cassette fusion polynucleotide;wherein introduction of the delivery vector into the cell and expression of the modified human tmpk polypeptide enhances the capacity of the cell in phosphorylating AZT. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the mammalian cell is selected from the group consisting of a stem cell, an embryonic stem cell, a mesenchymal stem cell, an induced pluripotent stem (IPS) cell, a hematopoietic cell, a T cell and a human cell. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising isolating the mammalian cell. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the mammalian cell is isolated by contacting the cell with an antibody that binds to the detection cassette polypeptide. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the isolated mammalian cell is transplanted into a mammal. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the modified human tmpk polynucleotide comprises a polynucleotide with at least 90% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOS: 15, 21, and 22. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the modified human tmpk polypeptide further comprises SEQ ID NO: 17 or the amino acid sequence RARGEL. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the delivery vector further comprises a therapeutic polynucleotide cassette. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the therapeutic polynucleotide cassette is selected from the group consisting of adenosine deaminase, γc interleukin receptor subunit, α-galactosidase A, codon optimized α-galactosidase A, acid ceramidase, galactocerebrosidase, and transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) molecules. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the therapeutic polynucleotide cassette is selected from α-galactosidase A and codon optimized α-galactosidase A. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the codon optimized α-galactosidase A comprises: (a) SEQ ID NO: 46;(b) SEQ ID NO: 46 wherein T is substituted with U; or(c) a sequence with at least 95% identity to SEQ ID NO:46, wherein the sequence is not identical to the polynucleotide having accession number NM_000169. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the delivery vector is selected from the group consisting of a retroviral vector, an adenoviral vector, an adeno-associated viral vector, a spumaviral vector and a plasmid. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the delivery vector is a lentiviral vector that has a pHR′ backbone, a pDY backbone or a pCCL backbone and comprises 5′-Long terminal repeat (LTR), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) signal sequence, HIV Psi signal 5′-splice site (SD), delta-GAG element, Rev Responsive Element (RRE), 3′-splice site (SA), Elongation factor (EF) 1-alpha promoter and 3′-Self inactivating LTR (SIN-LTR). 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the detection cassette is fused to the tmpk polynucleotide by a linker. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the detection cassette polypeptide fused to the modified human tmpk polypeptide comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO:38. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the detection cassette polypeptide is epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), CD19, truncated CD19, low affinity nerve growth receptor (LNGFR) or truncated LNGFR.