초록 ▼

Present ice skates 10 have a relatively great distance between the sole and the surface of the blades 40 for contacting the ice in use. This leads to instability. The present invention provides an ice skate comprising a boot or shoe, a sole and at least one blade 140 integral therewith, wherein the

Present ice skates 10 have a relatively great distance between the sole and the surface of the blades 40 for contacting the ice in use. This leads to instability. The present invention provides an ice skate comprising a boot or shoe, a sole and at least one blade 140 integral therewith, wherein the distance between the blade surface, for contact with ice in use, and the underside of the sole is approximately 20 mm or less.

대표청구항 ▼

1. A moving cellular communication system forming part of a cellular communication network having a core element, the system comprising: at least one moving relay including at least one base station functionality and at least one mobile station functionality and a relay resource manager, all co-loca

1. A moving cellular communication system forming part of a cellular communication network having a core element, the system comprising: at least one moving relay including at least one base station functionality and at least one mobile station functionality and a relay resource manager, all co-located,at least one emergency moving relay from among said moving relays further includinga simulated stationary network that includes a simulated IP connectivity gateway operative to communicate with a simulated mobility management entity; said simulated stationary network simulates the operation of a stationary network;said emergency moving relay being a root of a sub tree that includes at least one moving relay and at least one mobile station, and is configured to utilize its mobile station functionality, base station functionality and relay resource manager for operating in at least the following modes of operations: (i) normal mode of operation wherein the emergency moving relay communicates with other relays in the network and with the stationary network, wherein the emergency moving relay's mobile station functionality provides at least one backhauling link toward the core element; and(ii) in response to an emergency event in which the backhauling link ceases to exist due to disconnection, operating in an emergency mode of operation in which the emergency relay's mobile station functionality is no longer used for the backhauling link and instead, the mobile station functionality is operative for finding new networks to connect to. 2. A system according to claim 1 wherein the mobile station functionality of the moving relay reflects bearer requests of a mobile station connected thereto by getting at least one bearer assignment whose performance and requirements are at least as high as the performance and requirements, respectively, of at least one bearer assignment of the moving relay's connected mobile station. 3. A system according to claim 1 and including at least one static base station, wherein said at least one emergency moving relay comprises at least two emergency moving relays defining at least two hops and wherein, for multi-hop relaying, when in said normal mode of operation, the relays' base station functionalities and said static base station each comprise tunnel termination point. 4. A system according to claim 1 wherein, when said emergency moving relay is operating in emergency mode, at least one tunnel connecting the core elements' P/S-GW to the relay's base station functionality, rather than terminating at the core element's P/S-GW is caused to terminate at a local simulated P/S-GW by setting said tunnel's header destination address to the local simulated P/S-GW. 5. A system according to claim 1 wherein, if in an undo emergency event a mobile station connects to another mobile station, each said at least one emergency relay therebetween, on a hop by hop basis, inspects bearer establishing procedure and is operative to store a sibling node and a TID associated therewith and wherein, upon disconnection of an individual relay among said at least one emergency relay from the core thereby to define a topological tree headed by said individual relay, the individual relay's relay resource manager is operative to locally route communication between designated nodes in a cluster of disconnected nodes. 6. A system according to claim 1 wherein upon disconnection of an individual relay among said at least one emergency relay from the core thereby to define a topological tree headed by said individual relay including a cluster of disconnected nodes, the individual relay's relay resource manager is operative to directly provide services to mobile station/s in its topology tree. 7. A system according to claim 1 wherein, if in an undo emergency event a mobile station connects to another mobile station, each said at least one emergency relay therebetween, on a hop by hop basis, inspects bearer establishing procedure and is operative to store a sibling node and a TID associated therewith. 8. A system according to claim 7 and wherein, upon disconnection of an individual relay among said at least one emergency relay from the core thereby to define a topological tree headed by said individual relay, the individual relay's relay resource manager is operative to either: locally route communication between designated nodes in a cluster of disconnected nodes; or directly provide services to mobile station/s in its topology tree. 9. A system according to claim 1 wherein at least one individual moving relay includes a radio resource manager co-located with said base station functionality and mobile station functionality, and the radio resource manager is operative to provide radio resource configuration recommendations to a co-located radio resource controller operative for controlling radio resources of the mobile station functionality and base station functionality. 10. A system according to claim 1 wherein when a relay disconnects from the core entity, a virtual core subsystem performs a process of recreating PDP contexts and bearers according to information stored on the virtual core subsystem's encapsulation manager and switching packet data to a co-located stand-alone subsystem and said co-located stand-alone subsystem then is operative to serve as a local core including giving local services. 11. A system according to claim 10 wherein there is a need in a given situation, to revert to use of the remote core instead of the local core, the virtual core subsystem performs said process in reverse. 12. A moving cellular communication system forming part of a cellular communication network having a core element, the system comprising: at least one emergency moving relay including: at least one base station functionality serving at least one mobile station;at least one mobile station functionality providing at least one backhauling link toward the core element; anda relay resource manager operative to manage at least one resource pertaining to at least one of the base station functionality and mobile station functionality, all co-located, wherein the relay resource manager, if disconnected from the core element, is configured to alter at least one tunnel, to enable communication between the source and destination of the tunnel by local routing between designated nodes in a tree headed by the relay resource manager, but the relay resource manager also includes a core functionality operative, selectably, to take over at least one core function performed by said core element, for said at least one mobile station served by said base station functionality. 13. A system according to claim 12 wherein if mobile stations are camped to a disconnected nodes' cluster of inter-connected relays, the relay resource manager functionality of one of said inter-connected relays, which resides at the top of a tree disconnected from said core element, is operative to route communication between said mobile stations. 14. A system according to claim 13 wherein the relay resource manager is operative to alter each of a plurality of GPRS tunnels providing said communication between said mobile stations to facilitate the mobile stations' communication with at least one source and destination of said tunnels. 15. A system according to claim 12 wherein the relay resource manager comprises a Tunneling subsystem operative for encapsulating and de-capsulating of user plane and control plane payloads over user plane bearers according to different priorities. 16. A system according to claim 15 wherein the Tunneling subsystem is also operative for sending de-capsulated user plane and control plane payloads to at least one entity in said core element. 17. A system according to claim 16 wherein said entity in said core element comprises a mobility management entity. 18. A system according to claim 16 wherein said entity in said core element comprises a gateway. 19. A system according to claim 16 wherein said entity in said core element comprises an application server. 20. A system according to claim 12 wherein said at least one emergency moving relay comprises at least first and second relays and wherein the first relay's relay resource manager comprises a Virtual core subsystem having an Encapsulation manager function configured for exchanging information between the first relay's relay resource manager and the second relay's relay resource manager. 21. A system according to claim 12 wherein said at least one emergency moving relay comprises at least first and second relays and wherein at least one relay resource manager comprises a routing and Qos subsystem communicating with a co-located base station functionality and mobile station functionality, said subsystem including a load manager operative for balancing traffic loads between said plural relays. 22. A system according to claim 12 wherein at least one relay resource manager comprises a routing and Qos subsystem communicating with a co-located base station functionality and mobile station functionality, said subsystem including a routing agent storing sibling node information in a local table, and a load manager operative to command the routing agent to change topology to gain more bandwidth at at least one backhauling link. 23. A system according to claim 22 wherein the core element includes a mobile management entity and wherein said load manager is operative to command the routing agent to either change topology to gain more bandwidth at at least one backhauling link or to request from the core element's mobile management entity that additional bandwidth be assigned to the mobile station functionality for said backhauling link. 24. A system according to claim 12 wherein at least one relay resource manager in at least one individual relay comprises a routing and Qos subsystem communicating with a co-located base station functionality and mobile station functionality, said subsystem including a QoS agent operative for creating at least one additional bearer according to bandwidth requests of mobile stations currently attached to said individual relay, if said additional bearer is warranted due to the multi-hop mechanism. 25. A system according to claim 12 wherein at least one relay resource manager in at least one individual relay comprises a Radio Resource Subsystem operative for reducing interference between: (1) the individual relay's access links sent and received by the base station functionality and (2) the individual relay's backhauling links. 26. A system according to claim 12 wherein at least one relay resource manager in at least one individual relay comprises a Radio Resource Subsystem operative for reducing interference between: (1) the individual relay's access links sent and received by the base station functionality and (2) at least one access link of at least one relay other than said individual relay. 27. A system according to claim 12 wherein at least one relay resource manager in at least one individual relay comprises a Radio Resource Subsystem operative for reducing interference between: (1) the individual relay's backhauling links and (2) at least one backhauling link of at least one relay other than said individual relay. 28. A system according to claim 12 wherein at least one relay resource manager in at least one individual relay comprises a Radio Resource Subsystem including a Radio Quality and Arena Reporter operative for gathering a radio measurement report including power reports of the individual relay's base station functionality and at least one neighboring base stations of the individual relay's base station functionality. 29. A system according to claim 28 wherein said power reports are received from mobile stations connected to and reporting to the individual relay's base station functionality. 30. A system according to claim 29 wherein said relay resource manager comprises a virtual core subsystem and wherein the Radio Resource Subsystem is operative to send said radio measurement report, via at least one interface with said Virtual Core subsystem, using the encapsulation manager, to at least one radio resource subsystem of relay resource managers of at least one additional relay, other than said individual relay. 31. A system according to claim 30 wherein said additional relay uses said report as a radio quality report, for distributed radio resource management.