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A visible light spectrum and light source apparatus are described that provide over 90% of their total radiant power within the 385 nm-530 nm and the 570 nm-820 nm spectral ranges, collectively. The objective of the light spectrum and apparatus is to improve the visibility and shape of a wider range

A visible light spectrum and light source apparatus are described that provide over 90% of their total radiant power within the 385 nm-530 nm and the 570 nm-820 nm spectral ranges, collectively. The objective of the light spectrum and apparatus is to improve the visibility and shape of a wider range of objects than is practical using conventional LED white light sources at similar radiant power conditions. The new light source can provide good Scotopic or Mesopic at low power levels compared to most other light sources for illumination. One illustrative embodiment of this new spectrum and light source provides a full visible light spectrum with at least 6% of the highest peak radiant power of all wavelengths between 405 nm-730 nm, and another illustrative embodiment provides a similar full spectrum between 440 nm and 730 nm. In both embodiments, the average radiant power in the 475-510 nm cyan spectral region is at least 2-times the average radiant power in the 530-570 nm spectral region.

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1. A light source configured to generate a light output for enhanced scotopic and mesopic visual acuity, said light source comprising (i) an array of LEDs, or (ii) one or more LEDs and one or more spectrum converters operatively arranged to convert light emitted by at least one of the one or more LE

1. A light source configured to generate a light output for enhanced scotopic and mesopic visual acuity, said light source comprising (i) an array of LEDs, or (ii) one or more LEDs and one or more spectrum converters operatively arranged to convert light emitted by at least one of the one or more LEDs, wherein (i) the array of LEDs, or (ii) the one or more LEDs and the one or more spectrum converters, is constructed and arranged to produce a light output spectrum in said light output including radiant power peaks in the red spectral range of 630-730 nm, in the blue-violet spectral range of 375-465 nm, and in the cyan spectral range of 470-510 nm, andwherein in said light output spectrum produced by (i) the array of LEDs, or (ii) the one or more LEDs and the one or more spectrum converters, the radiant power of said light output spectrum in each of (a) the red spectral range of 630-730 nm of said light output spectrum, (b) the blue-violet spectral range of 375-465 nm of said light output spectrum, and (c) the cyan spectral range of 470-510 nm of said light output spectrum, is greater than (d) the radiant power in the yellow-green spectral range of 530-570 nm of said light output spectrum, wherein the light source is characterized by at least one characteristic or component selected from the group of characteristics or components consisting of:a) the light source comprising one or more violet LEDs, and the one or more spectrum converters comprising one or more spectrum converter structures that absorb at least 20% of the emitted light from the one or more violet LEDs in the 375 nm-425 nm spectral range and emit light primarily within the 390 nm-520 nm spectral range;b) the light source comprising one or more violet LEDs, and the one or more spectrum converters comprising one or more spectrum converter structures that absorb at least 20% of the emitted light from the one or more violet LEDs and emit light exhibiting one or more emission peaks in the 470 nm-530 nm spectral range.c) the light source comprising one or more violet LEDs, and the one or more spectrum converters comprising one or more spectrum converter structures that absorb at least 20% of the emitted light from the one or more violet LEDs and emit light exhibiting one or more emission peaks in the 580 nm-730 nm spectral range, with the proviso that if this or these 580 nm-730 nm spectral peak(s) are below 630 nm, then the relative radiance at 640 nm must be at least 45% of the 580-630 nm spectral peak;d) the one or more spectrum converters comprising one or more spectrum converter structures that absorb light primarily in the 520-580 nm spectral range and emit light primarily in the 580nm-780 nm range and that are arranged to reduce radiant power in the 530-570 nm spectral range while increasing radiant power in the over-580 nm spectral range;e) the one or more spectrum converters comprising at least one of phosphor(s), fluorescent dye(s), and quantum dots, wherein the one or more spectrum converters are at least one of (i) in one or more translucent medium materials, and (ii) on one or more reflective medium materials;the one or more spectrum converters comprising multiple spectrum converters arranged in parallel or in series, or in a combined parallel and series arrangement;g) the one or more spectrum converters absorb over 30% and less than 85% of light from at least one of the one or more LEDs of the light source;h) the one or more spectrum converters are in an optical path of light from at least one of the one or more LEDs of the light source to objects to be illuminated;i) the light source comprising an optical arrangement wherein the one or more spectrum converters (i)-pass, (ii) emit, or (iii) pass and emit light (A) at all wavelengths in the 440-730 nm spectral range, or (B) at all wavelengths in the 405 nm-730 nm spectral range with at least at 6% of the highest radiant spectral peak provided at all wavelengths in said 405-730 nm spectral range;j) the light output of the light source comprising average radiant power in the 530-570 nm spectral range that is no less than 6%, but no more than 45%, of radiant power of the highest peak in the overall light spectrum of the light source;k) the one or more spectrum converters comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of fluorescent dyes, phosphorescent dyes, phosphors, and quantum dots, in one or more translucent medium materials, wherein intrinsic internal quantum yields (QY-i) of primary individual active color converting materials in the one or more spectrum converters are at least 60%; and l) the light source comprising one or more optical elements selected from the group consisting of photonic crystals, polarizers, gratings, reflectors, lenses, interference filters, and non-interference filters, wherein the one or more optical elements are arranged before or after at least one of the one or more spectrum converters, in an optical path of the light source. 2. A light source configured to generate a light output for enhanced scotopic and mesopic visual acuity, said light source comprising (i) an array of LEDs, or (ii) one or more LEDs and one or more spectrum converters operatively arranged to convert light emitted by at least one of the one or more LEDs, wherein (i) the array of LEDs, or (ii) the one or more LEDs and the one or more spectrum converters, is constructed and arranged to produce a light output spectrum in said light output including radiant power peaks in the red spectral range of 630-730 nm, in the blue-violet spectral range of 375-465 nm, and in the cyan spectral range of 470-510 nm, and wherein in said light output spectrum produced by (i) the array of LEDs, or (ii) the one or more LEDs and the one or more spectrum converters, the radiant power of said light output spectrum in each of (a) the red spectral range of 630-730 nm of said light output spectrum, (b) the blue-violet spectral range of 375-465 nm of said light output spectrum, and (c) the cyan spectral range of 470-510 nm of said light output spectrum, is greater than (d) the radiant power in the yellow-green spectral range of 530-570 nm of said light output spectrum, wherein said one or more spectrum converters are effective to increase cyan and yellow-green light output from blue and violet input light. 3. The light source according to claim 2, comprising: a) one or more blue-violet LEDs exhibiting one or more dominant emission peaks in the 425 nm-465 nm spectral range;b) spectrum converters in the light path of the 425 nm-465 nm dominant emission peak blue-violet LEDs, wherein the spectrum converters are primarily 425 nm-465 nm absorbing and provide one or more emission peaks in the primarily 470 nm-530 nm and in the 580 nm-730 nm spectral ranges; andc) an optical arrangement wherein the spectrum converters and the LEDs of the light source collectively emit said light output as light meeting at least one of spectral criteria of (I) the three highest radiant power intensity peaks of the light being in the spectral ranges of 630 nm-730 nm, 470 nm-510 nm, and 425 nm-465 nm, (II) the light comprising at least one orange spectral peak in the 580 nm-630 nm spectral range, and (III) the light comprising at least one radiant power spectral peak between 375 nm-405 nm, and wherein deep-violet or UV light provides at least 10% of the highest radiant power intensity peak in a 405 nm-730 nm spectral range of the light output of the light source. 4. The light source of claim 2, wherein said one or more spectrum converters comprise multiple-emission-spectrum spectrum converters arranged as a 2-D or 3-D array of discrete color-converter elements for each LED or group of LEDs of the one or more spectrum converters, and wherein the discrete color-converter elements have been formed by patterning and arranged in said arrays for generation of the light output of the light source. 5. The light source of claim 2, comprising an LED configuration of said LEDs selected from the group consisting of: (i) configurations of multiple LEDs, wherein each LED in a group of LEDs in the multiple LEDs that is on in a given mode of operation is of a same LED type and emits a same output, and wherein switching modes turn on or off or change luminance of LEDs in at least one group of LEDs in the multiple LEDs; and(ii) configurations of multiple LEDs, wherein different types of LEDs are on at a same time in a given mode of operation. 6. The light source of claim 2, configured so that individual ones of the LEDs can be switched off or on or varied in intensity by changing power thereto. 7. The light source of claim 2, wherein said one or more spectrum converters comprise at least one of (i) violet light-absorbing phosphors or quantum dots, and (ii) blue light-absorbing phosphors or quantum dots, and wherein the light output spectrum comprises a peak light emission in the 475 -530 nm or the 580 -730 nm spectral range. 8. The light source of claim 2, wherein said one or more spectrum converters comprise: at least one of (i) violet light-absorbing phosphor, and (ii) blue light -absorbing phosphor, with a light emission spectrum in the 530 nm-570 nm spectral range; and YAG phosphor emitting in the 470 -510 nm spectral range. 9. The light source of claim 2, wherein said one or more spectrum converters comprise orange phosphor, with a light emission spectrum in the 580 nm-630 nm spectral range. 10. The light source of claim 2, wherein said one or more spectrum converters comprise (A) color converter material having an emission peak in the 480 -510 nm spectral range, and (B) color converter material having an emission peak in the 580 -600 nm spectral range, wherein the weight ratio of (A):(B) is in a range of from 20:1 to 1:10 that produces an emission spectrum including the 530-570 spectral range, and wherein the one or more spectrum converters further optionally includes phosphor having an emission spectrum including a range of 630-650 nm. 11. The light source of claim 2, wherein the LEDs comprise UV or violet LEDs having an emission spectrum in the 375 nm-420 nm spectral range, and said one or more spectrum converters comprise one or more fluorescent dyes that primarily absorb light in the UV, violet, or UV-violet spectral range and that emit light primarily in the violet, blue and the cyan spectral ranges. 12. The light source of claim 2, wherein the one or more spectrum converters comprise 13. A light source configured to generate a light output for enhanced scotopic and mesopic visual acuity, said light source comprising (i) an array of LEDs, or (ii) one or more LEDs and one or more spectrum converters operatively arranged to convert light emitted by at least one of the one or more LEDs, wherein (i) the array of LEDs, or (ii) the one or more LEDs and the one or more spectrum converters, is constructed and arranged to produce a light output spectrum in said light output including radiant power peaks in the red spectral range of 630-730 nm, in the blue-violet spectral range of 375-465 nm, and in the cyan spectral range of 470-510 nm, and wherein in said light output spectrum produced by (i) the array of LEDs, or (ii) the one or more LEDs and the one or more spectrum converters, the radiant power of said light output spectrum in each of (a) the red spectral range of 630-730 nm of said light output spectrum, (b) the blue-violet spectral range of 375-465 nm of said light output spectrum, and (c) the cyan spectral range of 470-510 nm of said light output spectrum, is greater than (d) the radiant power in the yellow-green spectral range of 530-570 nm of said light output spectrum, wherein the light source is comprised in a light source article selected from the group consisting of lamps, reading lights, body-mounted lights, flashlights, lanterns, architectural lighting articles, retail product lighting articles, signaling lights, horticultural lighting articles, streetlights, automotive lighting articles, home lighting articles, and bicycle lights. 14. The light source of claim 13, comprising at least one of: (a) the one or more spectrum converters comprising at least one spectrum converter selected from the group consisting of photonic crystals, phosphors, dyes, and color-converting quantum structures; and(b) a non-LED light source component selected from the group consisting of fluorescent, gas discharge, arc, plasma, halogen, incandescent, electroluminescent, cathodoluminescent, laser diode, and OLED light source components. 15. The light source of claim 13, comprising an optical structure providing spectral change with relative position in the light output, the optical structure comprising at least one of a focusing reflector and lens that produces center-weighted radiance and a primarily 10-30° cone angle light output from the light source, wherein the light source provides either (1) a 1.5-times or higher relative spectral radiant power of at least one of cyan light and red light in the periphery than the center of a beam of the light output and at least a 2 times lower intensity at the periphery over 50 degrees from center, or (2) a 1.5-times or higher relative spectral radiant power of at least one of cyan light and red light in the center of the light output beam than in the over-50 degrees periphery.