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In one aspect, the invention can be a heat exchanger comprising: a shell having an inner surface forming a cavity, the shell comprising an inlet for introducing the shell-side liquid into the cavity and an outlet for allowing the vapor to exit the cavity; a tube bundle comprising a plurality of tube

In one aspect, the invention can be a heat exchanger comprising: a shell having an inner surface forming a cavity, the shell comprising an inlet for introducing the shell-side liquid into the cavity and an outlet for allowing the vapor to exit the cavity; a tube bundle comprising a plurality of tubes for carrying a tube-side fluid located in the cavity and having a longitudinal axis; a shroud circumferentially surrounding the tube bundle and positioned between the tube bundle and the inner surface of the shell so that an annular space exists between the shroud and the inner surface; an opening in a bottom portion of the shroud that forms a passageway between the annular space and the tube bundle; and an opening in a top portion of the shroud that forms a passageway between the annular space and the tube bundle.

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1. A heat exchanger apparatus for converting a shell-side liquid to a vapor comprising: a shell having an inner surface forming a cavity, the shell comprising an inlet for introducing the shell-side liquid into the cavity and an outlet for allowing the vapor to exit the cavity;a tube bundle comprisi

1. A heat exchanger apparatus for converting a shell-side liquid to a vapor comprising: a shell having an inner surface forming a cavity, the shell comprising an inlet for introducing the shell-side liquid into the cavity and an outlet for allowing the vapor to exit the cavity;a tube bundle comprising a plurality of tubes for carrying a tube-side fluid located in the cavity and having a longitudinal axis;a shroud circumferentially surrounding the tube bundle and positioned between the tube bundle and the inner surface of the shell so that an annular space exists between the shroud and the inner surface of the shell;an opening in a bottom portion of the shroud that forms a passageway between the annular space and the tube bundle;an opening in a top portion of the shroud that forms a passageway between the annular space and the tube bundle; anda stabilizing plate positioned within the cavity and arranged in a substantially transverse orientation, the stabilizing plate comprising a lattice structure having openings for stabilizing the tube bundle, wherein the tubes of the tube bundle extend through the openings formed by intersecting members of the lattice structure. 2. The heat exchanger apparatus of claim 1 wherein the shroud has an effective coefficient of thermal conductivity that is less than a coefficient of thermal conductivity of the shell-side liquid. 3. The heat exchanger apparatus of claim 1 wherein the openings of the lattice structure are sized and shaped so that the tubes contact the intersecting members and a portion of the openings remain unobstructed by the tubes, thereby allowing axial flow of the shell-side liquid along the tubes while transversely retaining the tubes. 4. The heat exchanger apparatus of claim 1 further comprising: a lattice structure for stabilizing the tube bundle, wherein tubes of the tube bundle extend through openings formed by intersecting members;wherein the tubes are transversely retained by the intersecting members of the lattice structure; andwherein a portion of the openings remain unobstructed by the tubes to allow the shell-side liquid to flow through the lattice structure in a direction of the longitudinal axis. 5. The heat exchanger apparatus of claim 1 wherein the shroud comprises a first arcuate section and a second arcuate section positioned on opposite lateral sides of the tube bundle. 6. The heat exchanger apparatus of claim 5 wherein the opening in the bottom portion of the shroud is formed between a bottom edge of the first arcuate section and a bottom edge of the second arcuate section and wherein the opening in the top portion of the shroud is formed between a top edge of the first arcuate section and a top edge of the second arcuate section. 7. The heat exchanger apparatus of claim 1 wherein the inlet is positioned on the shell to introduce the shell-side liquid into the annular space; and wherein the outlet is located in a top portion of the shell. 8. The heat exchanger apparatus of claim 7 further comprising a means for maintaining a level of the liquid within the shell at a height above the shroud and the tube bundle and below the outlet. 9. The heat exchanger apparatus of claim 8 further comprising a drip tray positioned in the cavity between the outlet and the liquid level. 10. The heat exchanger apparatus of claim 9 further comprising a first moisture separator positioned within the outlet; anda second moisture separator positioned in the cavity between the drip tray and the outlet. 11. The heat exchanger apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of transversely oriented partition plates that divide the cavity into longitudinal sections, and wherein tubes of the tube bundle extend through the partition plates, and wherein each of the partition plates comprise one or more flanges extending transversely from an edge, the partition plates passing through slots in the shroud, a portion of the flanges extending from an outer surface of the shroud and secured to the shell. 12. The heat exchanger apparatus of claim 1 wherein the tube bundle comprises a plurality of U-tubes having a hot leg and cool leg, wherein the hot leg is above the cool leg so that the cool leg is adjacent the opening in the bottom portion of the shroud and the hot leg is adjacent the opening in the top portion of the shroud. 13. A heat exchanger apparatus for converting a shell-side liquid to a vapor comprising: a shell having a cavity, the shell comprising an inlet for introducing the shell-side liquid into the cavity and an outlet for allowing the vapor to exit the cavity;a tube bundle positioned in the cavity and comprising a plurality of tubes for carrying a hot tube-side fluid;a thermal insulating barrier positioned between the tube bundle and the shell so that a space exists between the thermal insulating barrier and the shell, an opening in a bottom portion of the thermal insulating barrier that forms a passageway between the space and the tube bundle, an opening in a top portion of the thermal insulating barrier that forms a passageway between the space and the tube bundle;wherein heat emanating from the tube bundle causes a natural cyclical thermosiphon flow of the shell-side liquid within the cavity; andwherein the tube bundle comprises a plurality of U-tubes having a hot leg and cool leg, wherein the hot leg is above the cool leg so that the cool leg is adjacent the opening in the bottom portion of the thermal insulating barrier and the hot leg is adjacent the opening in the top portion of the thermal insulating barrier. 14. The heat exchanger apparatus of claim 13 wherein the natural cyclical thermosiphon flow comprises: (i) an upward flow of the shell-side liquid through the tube bundle and out of the opening in the top portion of the thermal insulating barrier; (ii) a downward flow of the shell-side liquid through the space; and (iii) an upward flow the shell-side liquid from the space through the opening in the bottom portion of the thermal insulating barrier to the tube bundle. 15. A heat exchanger apparatus for converting a shell-side liquid to a vapor comprising: a shell having a cavity, the shell comprising an inlet for introducing the shell-side liquid into the cavity and an outlet for allowing the vapor to exit the cavity;a tube bundle positioned in the cavity and comprising a plurality of tubes for carrying a hot tube-side fluid;a thermal insulating barrier positioned between the tube bundle and the shell so that a space exists between the thermal insulating barrier and the shell, an opening in a bottom portion of the thermal insulating barrier that forms a passageway between the space and the tube bundle, an opening in a top portion of the thermal insulating barrier that forms a passageway between the space and the tube bundle;wherein heat emanating from the tube bundle causes a natural cyclical thermosiphon flow of the shell-side liquid within the cavity; andwherein the thermal insulating barrier comprises a first section and a second section positioned on opposite lateral sides of the tube bundle; and wherein the thermal insulating barrier has an effective coefficient of thermal conductivity that is less than a coefficient of thermal conductivity of the shell-side liquid. 16. The heat exchanger apparatus of claim 13 further comprising: the inlet positioned on the shell to introduce the shell-side liquid into the space;the outlet is located in a top portion of the shell;means for maintaining a level of the shell-side liquid within the cavity that submerges the thermal insulating barrier and the tube bundle;a drip tray positioned in the cavity between the outlet and the liquid level;a first moisture separator positioned within the outlet; anda second moisture separator positioned in the cavity between the drip tray and the outlet.