High pressure fossil fuel oxy-combustion system with carbon dioxide capture for interface with an energy conversion system
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
F23D-001/00
F02C-003/22
F02C-003/34
F23L-007/00
F23L-015/00
F02C-003/28
F23J-015/00
F23K-001/00
F23N-001/02
F23C-001/00
F23C-009/00
F23B-080/02
출원번호
US-0119727
(2011-05-24)
등록번호
US-9644838
(2017-05-09)
국제출원번호
PCT/CA2011/000593
(2011-05-24)
§371/§102 date
20131122
(20131122)
국제공개번호
WO2012/159189
(2012-11-29)
발명자
/ 주소
Zanganeh, Kourosh Etemadi
Pearson, William John
Mitrovic, Milenka
Shafeen, Ahmed
출원인 / 주소
HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN IN RIGHT OF CANADA AS REPRESENTED BY THE MINISTER OF NATURAL RESOURCES
대리인 / 주소
Flynn, Thiel, Boutell & Tanis, P.C.
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
0인용 특허 :
13
초록▼
A combustion system for operational connection to an energy conversion system and a method of providing thermal energy to the energy conversion system. The system comprises a combustor to be oxy-fired at above atmospheric pressure, using solid, liquid or gaseous fuels, with a supply of oxygen and su
A combustion system for operational connection to an energy conversion system and a method of providing thermal energy to the energy conversion system. The system comprises a combustor to be oxy-fired at above atmospheric pressure, using solid, liquid or gaseous fuels, with a supply of oxygen and supercritical carbon dioxide. The combustion gases from the combustor are delivered to a heat exchanger which interfaces with the energy conversion system. Temperatures in the combustor, and the delivery temperature to the heat exchanger, are controlled by selective recirculation of at least part of the combustion gases to the combustor, and by modulating the supply of oxygen and fuel to the combustor. Any combustion gases which are not recirculated are processed to separate carbon dioxide for use or sequestration. The system and method substantially eliminate emissions of carbon dioxide, while providing a highly efficient supply of thermal energy to the energy conversion system.
대표청구항▼
1. A combustion system for operational connection to an energy conversion system, wherein the energy conversion system is a closed Brayton cycle system having a working fluid, the combustion system comprising (i) a combustion unit constructed and arranged for selective operation at combustion pressu
1. A combustion system for operational connection to an energy conversion system, wherein the energy conversion system is a closed Brayton cycle system having a working fluid, the combustion system comprising (i) a combustion unit constructed and arranged for selective operation at combustion pressures exceeding atmospheric pressure and comprising a combustor having (a) at least one combustion chamber;(b) a fuel input inlet constructed and arranged to receive a supply of fuel at a pressure exceeding the selected combustion pressure;(c) an oxygen input inlet constructed and arranged to receive a supply of an oxygen having a purity of at least 70% and at a pressure exceeding the selected combustion pressure;(d) a carbon dioxide input inlet constructed and arranged to receive a supply of supercritical carbon dioxide at a pressure exceeding the selected combustion pressure;(e) at least one combustion products outlet defining a combustor outlet flow path for removal of products of combustion from the combustion chamber and the combustor; and(f) at least one combustion product stream recirculation inlet;(ii) an oxygen delivery unit operatively connected to the oxygen input inlet;(iii) a fuel delivery unit operatively connected to the fuel input inlet;(iv) at least a first heat exchanger constructed and arranged for operational connection to the energy conversion system, having an input region, a discharge region, and at least a first flow passage defining a flow path between the input region and the discharge region for the products of combustion received from the combustor;(v) a combustion exhaust outlet comprising a flow passage;(vi) a recirculation loop operatively connected to the at least one combustion product stream recirculation inlet and comprising at least one circulation pump and having a recirculation inlet; and(vii) a combustion discharge unit operatively connected to the discharge region of the first heat exchanger for removal of the products of combustion and comprising (a) a divider for division of the products of combustion into a recirculation stream and an exhaust stream;(b) a recirculation stream delivery unit operatively connected to the recirculation inlet; and(c) an exhaust stream delivery unit operatively connected to the combustion exhaust outlet and the energy conversion system. 2. A combustion system according to claim 1, wherein the first heat exchanger further comprises a second flow passage defining a flow path between the input region and the discharge region for a supply of the working fluid from the closed Brayton cycle system. 3. A combustion system according to claim 1, wherein the oxygen input inlet is constructed and arranged to receive a supply of oxygen having a purity of at least 80%. 4. A combustion system according to claim 1, wherein each of the at least one combustion chamber is constructed and arranged to be operated at a pressure of at least 10 MPa. 5. A combustion system according to claim 1, wherein the combustion exhaust outlet is constructed and arranged to be operatively connected to a conditioning unit for the exhaust stream, wherein the conditioning unit comprises a water vapour removal device and an impurity removal device for producing a carbon dioxide product stream, and the conditioning unit is selected from at least one of a flash separator, a gravity separator and a membrane processor. 6. A combustion system according to claim 1, further comprising a prime mover operatively connected to the recirculation loop. 7. A combustion system according to claim 6, wherein the prime mover is selected from at least one of a turbine, an engine, an electric motor and combinations thereof. 8. A combustion system according to claim 6, wherein the prime mover is located within the flow passage of the combustion exhaust outlet. 9. A combustion system according to claim 1, further comprising at least a second heat exchanger for operational connection to the combustion exhaust outlet, having an input region, a discharge region, and defining a flow passage between the input region and the discharge region for the exhaust stream, wherein the second heat exchanger further comprises a second flow passage defining a flow path for the incoming stream of oxygen, and is selected from a printed circuit heat exchanger, a counter flow printed circuit heat exchanger, a shell and tube heat exchanger, a counter flow shell and tube heat exchanger, a plate type heat exchanger and a counter flow plate type heat exchanger. 10. A combustion system according to claim 9, further comprising at least a third heat exchanger for operational connection to the combustion exhaust outlet downstream from the second heat exchanger and comprising a flow passage for the exhaust stream, wherein the third heat exchanger is selected from a printed circuit heat exchanger, a counter flow printed circuit heat exchanger, a shell and tube heat exchanger, a counter flow shell and tube heat exchanger, a plate type heat exchanger and a counter flow plate type heat exchanger. 11. A combustion system according to claim 1, wherein the energy conversion system comprises a secondary heat exchanger, and the oxygen delivery means is operatively connectible to the secondary heat exchanger. 12. A combustion system according to claim 1, wherein the energy conversion system comprises a tertiary heat exchanger, and the fuel delivery means is operatively connectible to the tertiary heat exchanger. 13. A combustion system according to claim 1, wherein the fuel input inlet is constructed and arranged to receive a supply of fuel selected from the group consisting of a liquid fuel, wherein the fuel input is constructed and arranged to receive a stream from the recirculation stream to atomize the liquid fuel; a gaseous fuel selected from natural gas, synthesis gas from a gasification process and off gases from a fuel refining process; a pulverized solid fuel, wherein the fuel input inlet is constructed and arranged to receive a stream from the recirculation stream to carry the pulverized solid fuel; and mixtures of said liquid fuel, said gaseous fuel and said solid fuel. 14. A combustion system according to claim 10, wherein the third heat exchanger comprises a second flow passage defining a flow path for the incoming supply of fuel. 15. A combustion system according to claim 13, wherein the supply of fuel is a pulverized solid fuel, having a particle size of less than about 300 micron, and wherein the fuel comprises the pulverized solid fuel carried by a stream of supercritical carbon dioxide or the fuel comprises the pulverized solid fuel carried by a stream from the recirculation stream. 16. A combustion system according to claim 15, wherein the supply of fuel is a slurry of a pulverized solid fuel in liquid carbon dioxide, and the fuel delivery unit further comprises a slurry feed system. 17. A combustion system according to claim 15, wherein the particle size of the pulverized solid fuel is less than about 75 micron. 18. A combustion system according to claim 17, wherein the particle size of the pulverized solid fuel is less than about 5 micron. 19. A combustion system according to claim 13, wherein the combustion unit further comprises at least one solids removal outlet device constructed and arranged to remove non-combustible solid particles comprising at least one of fly ash, bottoming ash, slag, and non-ash particulates. 20. A combustion system according to claim 13, wherein the recirculation loop comprises at least one solids removal outlet device constructed and arranged to remove non-combustible solid particles. 21. A combustion system according to claim 20, wherein one of the at least one solids removal outlet device is located upstream of the first heat exchanger. 22. A combustion system according to claim 20, wherein each of the solids removal outlet device is upstream of the circulation pump. 23. A combustion system according to claim 1, further comprising a fourth heat exchanger operatively connected to the recirculation stream delivery unit for modification of operational temperatures of the recirculation stream. 24. A method of providing thermal energy to an energy conversion system, wherein the energy conversion system is a closed Brayton cycle system having a working fluid, the method comprising the steps of (a) providing a combustion unit constructed and arranged for selective operation at combustion pressures exceeding atmospheric pressure and comprising a combustor having at least one combustion chamber, and operatively connected to a first heat exchanger having a combustion products flow passage, the combustion unit further being operatively connected to a circulation pump;(b) connecting the first heat exchanger to the energy conversion system;(c) selecting an operating combustion pressure;(d) determining a required delivery temperature range for the energy conversion system and determining a target temperature range within the required delivery temperature range;(e) delivering a supply of fuel, a supply of oxygen having a purity of at least 70% and at a pressure exceeding the selected operating combustion pressure, and concurrently selectively delivering a supply of pressurizing fluid comprising a flow of supercritical carbon dioxide to the combustor;(f) combusting the supply of fuel in the combustion chamber in the presence of the supply of oxygen and the pressurizing fluid at the selected operating combustion pressure to produce a combustion products stream;(g) delivering the combustion products stream to and through the first flow passage of the first heat exchanger;(h) selectively dividing the combustion products stream leaving the first heat exchanger into a recirculation stream and an exhaust stream;(i) delivering the recirculation stream to the combustor;(j) monitoring the required delivery temperature range and adjusting the target temperature range in accordance with changes in the required delivery temperature range;(k) selectively controlling and adjusting the rate of supply of fuel and oxygen and the rate of delivery of the recirculation stream to the combustor to bring and maintain the combustion products stream within the target temperature range; and(l) delivering the exhaust stream to a combustion exhaust unit for removal and selective recovery. 25. A method according to claim 24, further comprising before step (e) start-up steps of (d.1) preheating the combustion unit to an operating temperature within the target temperature range by combusting a supply of fuel in air at ambient pressure;(d.2) delivering to the combustor a supply of fuel and a supply of oxygen having a purity of at least 70% with a supply of pressurizing fluid comprising a flow of carbon dioxide at a temperature less than a maximum of the selected target temperature range, and at a pressure less than the selected operating combustion pressure, and combusting the fuel to raise the temperature and pressure of the combustion unit to respective selected values; and(d.3) selectively operating the circulation pump to establish the recirculation stream. 26. A method according to claim 24, wherein the first heat exchanger further comprises a second flow passage defining a flow path for a supply of the working fluid to receive heat from the combustion products stream delivered in step (g) to the first flow passage. 27. A method according to claim 26, wherein step (k) includes controlling and adjusting the rate of supply of fuel and oxygen and the rate of delivery of the recirculation stream to the combustor in response to changes in a mass flow rate of the working fluid through the first heat exchanger and changes within the required delivery temperature range. 28. A method according to claim 24, wherein the supply of oxygen in step (d) comprises a supply of oxygen having a purity of at least 80%. 29. A method according to claim 24, wherein step (c) comprises selecting an operating combustion pressure of between 7.4 and 25 MPa. 30. A method according to claim 24, further comprising, before step (e), the step of (c.1) preheating the oxygen. 31. A method according to claim 30, wherein step (c.1) comprises providing a second heat exchanger to the combustion exhaust unit, delivering the exhaust stream to and through the second heat exchanger, and delivering the supply of oxygen to and through the second heat exchanger to be heated by the exhaust stream. 32. A method according to claim 24, wherein the delivering a supply of fuel in step (e) comprises delivering natural gas, the method further comprising, before step (e), the step of (c.2) preheating the supply of fuel. 33. A method according to claim 32, wherein step (c.2) comprises providing a third heat exchanger to the combustion exhaust unit, delivering the exhaust stream to and through the third heat exchanger, and delivering the supply of fuel to and through the third heat exchanger to be heated by the exhaust stream. 34. A method according to claim 24, wherein the delivering a supply of fuel in step (e) comprises delivering a supply of fuel selected from the group consisting of a liquid fuel, a gaseous fuel, a solid fuel and mixtures thereof, wherein the fuel is a hydrocarbon fuel selected from at least one of coal, pulverized coal, beneficiated coal, oil, bitumen, petroleum coke, combustible waste, biomass, natural gas, synthesis gas from a gasification process and off gases from a fuel refining process and combinations thereof. 35. A method according to claim 34, wherein step (e) further comprises providing the supply of fuel as pulverized solid fuel in a stream of supercritical carbon dioxide. 36. A method according to claim 34, wherein step (e) comprises delivering the supply of fuel as pulverized solid fuel as a slurry in liquid carbon dioxide. 37. A method according to claim 24, wherein step (l) further comprises bringing the exhaust stream to ambient temperature. 38. A method according to claim 24, wherein step (k) further comprises conditioning the exhaust stream by removing water vapour and impurities from the exhaust stream to produce a carbon dioxide product stream within a selected purity range. 39. A method according to claim 38, wherein the carbon dioxide product stream is in a form selected from supercritical and subcritical. 40. A method according to claim 24, wherein step (a) further comprises providing at least one solids removal device and at least one solids outlet between the combustor and the first heat exchanger, and the method further comprises before step (g) the step of (f.1) passing the combustion products stream through the solids removal device and discharging removed solids through the at least one solids outlet. 41. A method according to claim 24, wherein step (a) further comprises providing at least one solids removal device to the combustion means upstream of the circulation pump. 42. A method according to claim 24, wherein step (a) further comprises providing a recirculation stream heat exchanger and step (i) further comprises selectively passing at least part of the recirculation stream through the recirculation stream heat exchanger to modify temperatures of the recirculation stream. 43. A method according to claim 24, wherein step (a) further comprises providing a bypass device to the first heat exchanger, and step (g) further comprises selectively passing at least part of the combustion products stream through the bypass device instead of through the first heat exchanger.
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이 특허에 인용된 특허 (13)
Osgerby Ian (c/o Dennis R. Lowe ; Esq. ; 1842 Massachusetts Ave. Lexington MA 02173), Carbon dioxide power cycle.
Douglas, Mark Austin; Tan, Yewen; Sellers, Thomas; Chui, Eddy; Majeski, Adrian, Method for burning coal using oxygen in a recycled flue gas stream for carbon dioxide capture.
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