Board of Supervisors of Louisana State University And Agricultural and Mechanical College
대리인 / 주소
Runnels, John H.
인용정보
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13
초록▼
Nanoparticles with entrapped, nonpolar compounds are disclosed, and a method for their synthesis. The nanoparticles are readily dissolved or dispersed in water. For example, the entrapped nonpolar compounds may include pharmaceutically-active compounds, or natural colorants. The nanoparticles have a
Nanoparticles with entrapped, nonpolar compounds are disclosed, and a method for their synthesis. The nanoparticles are readily dissolved or dispersed in water. For example, the entrapped nonpolar compounds may include pharmaceutically-active compounds, or natural colorants. The nanoparticles have a nonpolar compound core, an intermediate surfactant layer, and an outer crosslinked polymeric protective layer. In a prototype example, alginic acid nanoparticles were prepared with beta-carotene entrapped in the core, with lecithin as the intermediate surfactant layer. In an alternative embodiment, a layer-by-layer assembly technique may be used to entrap the colorant within nanoparticles.
대표청구항▼
1. A plurality of nanoparticles; wherein each said nanoparticle comprises one or more hydrophobic cores, a surfactant intermediate layer, and a polymeric layer; wherein each of said one or more hydrophobic cores is bound to said surfactant intermediate layer via nonpolar-nonpolar intermolecular inte
1. A plurality of nanoparticles; wherein each said nanoparticle comprises one or more hydrophobic cores, a surfactant intermediate layer, and a polymeric layer; wherein each of said one or more hydrophobic cores is bound to said surfactant intermediate layer via nonpolar-nonpolar intermolecular interactions; and said surfactant intermediate layer is bound to said polymeric layer via electrostatic or polar interactions; and wherein: (a) each of said one or more hydrophobic cores comprises primarily one or more hydrophobic compounds; and the mean diameter of said cores is at least about 20 nm; and(b) said surfactant intermediate layer comprises primarily one or more surfactant compounds; wherein each of said one or more surfactant compounds comprises one or more hydrophobic moieties and one or more hydrophilic moieties; wherein said surfactant hydrophobic moieties orient preferentially toward said one or more hydrophobic cores, and bind said one or more hydrophobic cores via nonpolar-nonpolar intermolecular interactions; and wherein said surfactant hydrophilic moieties orient preferentially away from said one or more hydrophobic cores; and(c) said polymeric layer comprises alginic acid, which alginic acid comprises hydrophilic moieties; wherein some of said alginic acid hydrophilic moieties orient toward said surfactant intermediate layer, and bind said surfactant intermediate layer via electrostatic or polar interactions between said alginic acid hydrophilic moieties and said surfactant hydrophilic moieties; and wherein some of said alginic acid hydrophilic moieties orient outward, so that said alginic acid hydrophilic moieties are favorably positioned to be able to interact with water molecules via electrostatic or polar intermolecular interactions;(d) said polymeric layer additionally comprises one or more crosslinking moieties that crosslink at least some of said alginic acid molecules to one another, and that enhance the structural integrity of said nanoparticle as compared to an otherwise identical nanoparticle lacking said one or more crosslinking moieties; wherein said one or more crosslinking moieties comprise calcium cations;(e) said nanoparticles are water-soluble; such that the total concentration of said one or more hydrophobic compounds that is soluble in water, when said one or more hydrophobic compounds are present as a component of said nanoparticles, is substantially greater than the total concentration of said one or more hydrophobic compounds that is soluble in water lacking surfactant, at the same temperature and pressure, when said one or more hydrophobic compounds remain unmodified and are not incorporated into such nanoparticles;(f) said nanoparticles have the property that, if said nanoparticles are dissolved in water and the resulting solution is allowed to stand undisturbed at room temperature without mixing, for seven days, then there will be no substantial settling of said nanoparticles from the aqueous phase, nor any substantial phase separation of said one or more hydrophobic compounds; and said nanoparticles have the further property that, if said nanoparticles are dissolved in water and the resulting mixture is centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 15 minutes, there will be no leakage of said one or more hydrophobic compounds from said nanoparticles, nor any substantial phase separation of said one or more hydrophobic compounds; and(g) the mean diameter of said nanoparticles is less than about 5 μm. 2. A plurality of nanoparticles as recited in claim 1, wherein the mean diameter of said hydrophobic cores is at least about 50 nm. 3. A plurality of nanoparticles as recited in claim 1, wherein the mean diameter of said hydrophobic cores is at least about 100 nm. 4. A plurality of nanoparticles as recited in claim 1, wherein the mean diameter of said hydrophobic cores is less than about 3 μm. 5. A plurality of nanoparticles as recited in claim 1, wherein the mean diameter of said hydrophobic cores is less than about 1 μm. 6. A plurality of nanoparticles as recited in claim 1, wherein the mean diameter of said hydrophobic cores is less than about 500 nm. 7. A plurality of nanoparticles as recited in claim 1, wherein the thickness of said polymeric layer is between about 50 nm and about 1 μm. 8. A plurality of nanoparticles as recited in claim 1, wherein the thickness of said surfactant intermediate layer is between about 1 nm and about 10 nm. 9. A plurality of nanoparticles as recited in claim 1, wherein the weight of said one or more hydrophobic compounds is between about 0.1% and about 10% of the total weight of said nanoparticles. 10. A plurality of nanoparticles as recited in claim 1, wherein the weight of said one or more hydrophobic compounds is between about 10% and about 20% of the total weight of said nanoparticles. 11. A plurality of nanoparticles as recited in claim 1, wherein said one or more hydrophobic compounds comprise one or more natural colorants. 12. A plurality of nanoparticles as recited in claim 1, wherein said one or more hydrophobic compounds comprise primarily β-carotene. 13. A plurality of nanoparticles as recited in claim 1, wherein said one or more hydrophobic compounds comprise primarily β-carotene; and wherein said one or more surfactant compounds comprise primarily lecithin. 14. A plurality of nanoparticles as recited in claim 1, wherein one or more moieties additionally link at least some of said alginic acid molecules to at least some of said surfactant molecules. 15. A plurality of nanoparticles as recited in claim 1, wherein the mean diameter of said nanoparticles is between about 120 nm and about 950 nm. 16. An aqueous solution of a plurality of nanoparticles as recited in claim 1. 17. A process for synthesizing a plurality of nanoparticles as recited in claim 1; said process comprising the steps of: (a) dissolving one or more hydrophobic compounds in a nonpolar solvent;(b) forming an emulsion of droplets comprising water, one or more surfactants, the one or more hydrophobic compounds, and the nonpolar solvent;(c) reducing the average size of the droplets by sonicating or microfluidizing the emulsion;(d) stabilizing the droplets by binding to them a layer comprising alginic acid, and crosslinking the alginic acid molecules to one another with calcium cations; and(e) evaporating the nonpolar solvent; wherein steps (d) and (e) may be conducted in either order, or simultaneously. 18. A process as recited in claim 17, wherein said stabilizing step additionally comprises linking the alginic acid molecules to the surfactant molecules.
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