[특허]Fluid end with protected flow passages

Acme Industries, Inc.

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Fluid end with protected flow passages

특허상세정보
국가/구분	United States(US) Patent 등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)	F04B-053/16 E21B-043/26 F04B-053/00 F04B-019/22 F04B-053/10 F04B-053/14
출원번호	US-0776530 (2014-03-14)
등록번호	US-9739130 (2017-08-22)
국제출원번호	PCT/US2014/028390 (2014-03-14)
국제공개번호	WO2014/144113 (2014-09-18)
발명자 / 주소	Young, Fred
출원인 / 주소	Acme Industries, Inc.
대리인 / 주소	Cook Alex Ltd.
인용정보	피인용 횟수 : 0 인용 특허 : 29

초록
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Fluid end for high pressure reciprocating pump, in particular for hydraulic fracturing pumps, comprising: a body having a first bore (18) for receiving a reciprocating plunger (31), a second bore (19) for accommodating a suction valve (41), and a third bore (21) for accommodating a discharge valve (43), the second bore (19) and the third bore (21) being perpendicular to the first bore (18); at least a tubular sleeve (30) in said first bore (18); at least a tubular cartridge (30) in the second bore and/or third bore; and a fluid tight seal between contact...

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1. In a fluid end of a reciprocating pump for delivery of fracking fluid at high pressure into a well for recovery of oil and natural gas trapped in shale rock formations, said fluid end having at least one fluid cylinder assembly including: a body having a first bore which includes a reciprocating plunger;a second bore which includes a suction valve; anda third bore which includes a discharge valve, said first bore being substantially perpendicular to both said second and third bores which are in flow communication with each other, an outlet of said second bore and an inlet of said third bore defining a chamber with said first bore that receives a reciprocating plunger for drawing fracking fluid into said chamber at low pressure and discharging said fracking fluid at high pressure;the improvement comprising:at least one tubular sleeve in said first bore, substantially the entire length of the outer cylindrical surface of said tubular sleeve configured to be in intimate, surface-to-surface direct contact with the surface of said first bore that surrounds said at least one tubular sleeve;at least one tubular cartridge in a fluid passage defined by said second and third bores, substantially the entire length of the outer cylindrical surface of said at least one tubular cartridge configured to be in intimate, surface-to-surface direct contact with the surfaces of said second and third bores that surrounds said at least one tubular cartridge;a fluid-tight seal between contacting surfaces of said at least one tubular sleeve and said at least one tubular cartridge, said fluid tight seal being formed between an outer cylindrical surface on one of said at least one tubular sleeve and said at least one tubular cartridge being in sealing contact with an annular interior-facing edge surface of the other of said at least one tubular sleeve and at least one tubular cartridge;said at least one sleeve and said at least one cartridge, when installed in said fluid end cylinder assembly, cooperating to overlie the fluid end body portions that surround each of them and to protect them from direct impingement thereon by high pressure fracking fluid passing through said fluid end cylinder assembly. 2. The improvement of claim 1 wherein said second and third bores respectively contain first and second tubular cartridges. 3. The improvement of claim 1 wherein a gasket is provided between said at least one tubular sleeve and said at least one tubular cartridge. 4. The improvement of claim 1 wherein said at least one cartridge and said at least one sleeve is composed of a material with erosion and corrosion resistance as well as fatigue resistant properties. 5. The improvement of claim 4 wherein said material is a metal selected from the group consisting of stainless steel, Inconel®, Incoloy® and other metals and alloys exhibiting suitable corrosion resistance, erosion resistance and strength. 6. The improvement of claim 1 wherein said at least one tubular sleeve and said at least one tubular cartridge has a protective coating or surface treatment applied prior to assembly to enhance the erosion and corrosion resistance and fatigue properties thereof. 7. The improvement of claim 1 wherein there is an interference fit between the outer cylindrical surface of said at least one tubular sleeve and the surface of said first bore and between the outer cylindrical surface of said at least one tubular cartridge and the surfaces of said second and third bores. 8. The improvement of claim 1 wherein said at least one tubular sleeve includes a first portion having a first outer diameter and a second sleeve portion having a second outer diameter which is larger than said first outer diameter, said second sleeve portion being in surrounding relation to said chamber. 9. A fluid end of a reciprocating pump for delivery of fracking fluid at high pressure into a well to extract and recover oil and natural gas trapped in shale rock formations, said fluid end having at least one fluid cylinder assembly comprising: a chamber formed therein;a first bore in communication with said chamber, said first bore including a reciprocating plunger for effecting pressurization in said chamber to draw fracking fluid therein at low pressure and to discharge said fracking fluid at high pressure;a second bore formed in said fluid end in communication with said chamber, said second bore including a suction valve for receiving fracking fluid at low pressure into said chamber;a third bore formed in said fluid end in communication with said chamber, said third bore including a discharge valve for release of high pressure fracking fluid through an outlet in said fluid end;said second and third bores defining a fluid passageway in said fluid end cylinder assembly;at least one tubular sleeve in direct contact with said first bore, substantially the entire length of the outer cylindrical surface of said tubular sleeve configured to be in an interference fit with the surface of said first bore that surrounds said at least one tubular sleeve;at least one tubular cartridge in the third bore of said fluid passageway, substantially the entire length of the outer cylindrical surface of said at least one tubular cartridge configured to be in an interference fit with the surface of said third bore surrounding said at least one tubular cartridge;a fluid tight seal between contacting surfaces of said at least one sleeve and said at least one cartridge;said at least one sleeve and said at least one cartridge cooperating to overlie the fluid end body portions surrounding each of them and to protect said underlying fluid body portions from direct impingement thereon by high pressure fracking fluid passing through said fluid end. 10. The fluid end of claim 9 wherein said second bore contains a second tubular-cartridge, substantially the entire length of the outer cylindrical surface of said second tubular cartridge configured to be in an interference fit with the surface of said second bore surrounding said second tubular cartridge. 11. The fluid end of claim 9 in which an outer cylindrical surface on one of said at least one tubular sleeve and said at least one tubular cartridge is in fluid tight sealing contact with an annular interior-facing edge surface of the other of said at least one tubular sleeve and said at least one tubular cartridge. 12. The fluid end of claim 9 edge surface wherein said at least one cartridge and said at least one sleeve composed of a material with erosion and corrosion resistance as well as fatigue resistant properties. 13. The fluid end of claim 12 wherein said material is a metal selected from the group consisting of stainless steel, Inconel®, Incoloy® and other metals and alloys exhibiting suitable corrosion resistance, erosion resistance and strength. 14. The fluid end of claim 13 wherein said at least one tubular sleeve and said at least one tubular cartridge has a protective coating or surface treatment applied to enhance the erosion and corrosion resistance and fatigue properties thereof. 15. The fluid end of claim 9 wherein said at least one tubular sleeve includes a first portion having a first outer diameter and a second portion having a second outer diameter which is larger than said first outer diameter, said second being in surrounding relation to said chamber. 16. A fluid end of a reciprocating pump for delivery of fracking fluid at high pressure into a well to extract and recover oil and natural gas trapped in shale rock formations, said fluid end having at least one fluid cylinder assembly comprising: a chamber;a first bore in communication with said chamber, said first bore including a reciprocating plunger for effecting pressurization in said chamber to draw fracking fluid at low pressure and to discharge said fracking fluid at high pressure;a second bore including a suction valve in flow communication with said chamber;a third bore in flow communication with said chamber, said third bore including a discharge valve in flow communication with an outlet in said fluid end;a tubular sleeve in said first bore, substantially the entire length of the outer surface of said tubular sleeve being in intimate, surface-to-surface direct contact with the surface of said first bore surrounding said tubular sleeve;a first tubular cartridge in said second bore, substantially, the entire length of the outer surface of said first cartridge being configured to be in intimate, surface-to-surface direct contact with the surface of said second bore;a second tubular cartridge in said third bore, substantially the outer surface of the entire length, said second cartridge being configured to be in intimate, surface-to-surface direct contact with the surface of said third bore;said sleeve having a first aperture in flow communication with an outlet end of said first cartridge;a first seal between the perimeter of said first aperture and the outlet of said first cartridge;said sleeve also having a second aperture in flow communication with an inlet to said second cartridge;said chamber being interposed between said first and second apertures;a second seal between the perimeter of said second aperture and s the inlet to said second cartridge;said first cartridge, sleeve and second cartridge defining a flow passageway for said fracking fluid which protects the body portions of said fluid body which they overlie and which protects those body portions from direct impingement by high pressure fracking fluid passing therethrough. 17. The fluid end of claim 16 wherein said first seal includes an O-ring in the periphery of said first aperture which provides a fluid tight seal with an annular contact surface with the outlet end of said first cartridge. 18. The fluid end of claim 16 wherein said second seal is formed by an O-ring in the periphery of said second aperture which provides a fluid tight seal with said inlet and of said second cartridge. 19. The fluid end of claim 16 wherein there is an interference fit between the outer surface of said sleeve and the surface of said first bore. 20. The fluid seal of claim 16 wherein there is an interference fit between the outer surface of said first cartridge and the surface of said second bore. 21. The fluid end of claim 16 wherein there is an interference fit between the outer surface of said second cartridge and the surface of said third bore. 22. The fluid end of claim 16 wherein said sleeve, and first and second cartridges, are composed of a material with corrosion and erosion resistance as well as fatigue-resistant properties. 23. The fluid end of claim 16 wherein said tubular sleeve includes a first portion having a first outer diameter and a second sleeve portion having a second outer diameter which is larger than said first outer diameter, said second sleeve portion being in surrounding relation to said chamber. 24. A fluid end of a reciprocating pump for delivery of a fracking fluid at high pressure into a well to extract and recover oil and natural gas trapped in shale rock formations, said fluid end having at least one fluid cylinder assembly comprising: a chamber formed therein;a first bore in communication with said chamber, said first bore including a reciprocating plunger for effecting pressurization in said chamber to draw fracking fluid therein at low pressure and to discharge said fracking fluid at high pressure therefrom;a second bore formed in said fluid end in communication with said chamber, said second bore including a suction valve for receiving fracking fluid at low pressure;a third bore formed in said fluid end in communication with said chamber, said third bore including a discharge valve for release of high pressure fracturing fluid through an outlet in said fluid end;a tubular sleeve having first and second sleeve portions, a first tubular sleeve portion having an interior edge portion received in a first portion of said first bore,substantially the entire length of the outer surface of said first tubular sleeve portion configured to be in intimate surface-to-surface direct contact with the surface of said first bore portion surrounding said first tubular sleeve portion;substantially the entire length of said second tubular sleeve portion configured to be in intimate surface-to-surface direct contact with a second portion of said first bore;a tubular cartridge received in said second and third bores, the outer surface of said cartridge configured to be in intimate surface-to-surface direct contact with the surfaces of said second and third bores; anda tubular plug threadedly received in a lower end of said second bore, said plug having an upper surface which is in contact with a bottom edge of said tubular cartridge to secure said cartridge in a fixed operating position in said second bore; whereby, said first and second sleeves and cartridge cooperate to protect the fluid end body portions surrounding said sleeves and cartridge from direct impingement thereon by high pressure fracking fluid passing therethrough. 25. The fluid end of claim 24 wherein the interior edge portions of said first and second sleeve portions are coupled to each other by integral bridging portions. 26. The fluid end of claim 24 wherein at least one of said first and second sleeve portions and cartridge is composed of material with erosion and corrosion resistance and fatigue resistant properties. 27. The fluid end of claim 24 wherein at least one of said first and second sleeve portions and cartridge has a protective coating or surface treatment applied to enhance the erosion and corrosion resistance and fatigue properties thereof. 28. The fluid end of claim 24 wherein a gasket is provided between said sleeve and cartridge. 29. The fluid end of claim 28 wherein an aperture in one of said sleeve portions includes a gasket which provides an effective seal between an outer cylindrical surface of said cartridge and said sleeve portion. 30. The fluid end of claim 24 wherein a corrosion resistant material seals the outside surfaces at a junction between said cartridge and said first or second tubular sleeves. 31. The fluid end of claim 24 wherein there is an interference fit between the contacting surfaces of said first and second portions of said first bore and the cylindrical surfaces of the first and second tubular sleeve portions in contact therewith. 32. The fluid end of claim 24 wherein there is an interference fit between the outer surface of said cartridge and the surfaces of said second and third bores in contact therewith. 33. A fluid end of a reciprocating pump for delivery of a fracking fluid at high pressure into a well to extract and recover oil and natural gas trapped in shale rock formations, said fluid end having at least one fluid cylinder assembly comprising: a chamber formed therein;a first bore in communication with said chamber, said first bore including a reciprocating plunger for effecting pressurization in said chamber to draw fracking fluid therein at low pressure and to discharge said fracking fluid at high pressure therefrom;a second bore formed in said fluid end in communication with said chamber, said second bore including a suction valve for receiving fracking fluid at low pressure into said chamber;a third bore formed in said fluid end in communication with said chamber, said third bore including a discharge valve for release of high pressure fracturing fluid through an outlet in said fluid end;a tubular sleeve received in said first bore and extending through said chamber, substantially the entire length of outer cylindrical surface of said tubular sleeve being in intimate, surface-to-surface direct contact with the surface of said first bore surrounding said tubular sleeve;first and second flow passage apertures in said tubular sleeve in alignment with said second and third bores;a discharge outlet of said suction valve in contact with the surrounding edge of said first aperture;an inlet of said discharge valve in contact with the surrounding edge of said second aperture; said sleeve being configured to protect the fluid end body portions surrounding said sleeve from direct impingement thereon by high pressure fracking fluid passing therethrough. 34. The fluid end of claim 33 wherein said sleeve is composed of material with erosion and corrosion resistance and fatigue resistant properties. 35. The fluid end of claim 33 wherein at least said sleeve has a protective coating or surface treatment applied to enhance the erosion and corrosion resistance and fatigue properties thereof. 36. The fluid end of claim 33 wherein each of said first and second apertures include a perimeter groove in which a gasket is received, each said gasket having a composition and configuration which respectively provides an effective seal with said discharge outlet of said suction valve and inlet of said discharge valve. 37. The fluid end of claim 33 wherein said tubular sleeve includes a first portion having a first diameter and a second sleeve portion having a second outer diameter which is larger than said first outer diameter, said second sleeve portion being in surrounding relation to said chamber. 38. The fluid end of claim 33 wherein there is an interference fit between the outer cylindrical surface of said tubular sleeve and surface of said first bore.

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