A fiber optic sensor for measuring electromagnetic phenomena, including electrical and magnetic fields, voltage, and current is disclosed. The sensor includes an optical fiber probe containing a transmitting fiber and at least one receiving fiber, and a reflective surface or body. The reflective sur
A fiber optic sensor for measuring electromagnetic phenomena, including electrical and magnetic fields, voltage, and current is disclosed. The sensor includes an optical fiber probe containing a transmitting fiber and at least one receiving fiber, and a reflective surface or body. The reflective surface or body may be part of or attached to a material exhibiting a physical displacement from a force exerted upon the material due to electromagnetic phenomena, such as an electrical field, a magnetic field, voltage, and current. The reflective surface may be spaced apart from the ends of the fibers in the probe, and positioned so that light transmitted through the transmitting fiber is reflected by that surface into at least one receiving fiber. A light sensing means is coupled to the at least one receiving fiber, so light from a light reflected by the reflector body back into the receiving fibers is detected.
대표청구항▼
1. A fiber optic sensor for measuring electromagnetic phenomena, comprising: an optical fiber probe including at least one transmitting fiber having one end coupled to a light source and at leastone receiving fiber having one end coupled to a light sensing means;a material that experiences a physica
1. A fiber optic sensor for measuring electromagnetic phenomena, comprising: an optical fiber probe including at least one transmitting fiber having one end coupled to a light source and at leastone receiving fiber having one end coupled to a light sensing means;a material that experiences a physical displacement in response to an electromagnetic phenomena, the material having a reflective surface or a reflective body attached thereto;the fiber probe being positioned such that the uncoupled end of the fibers are adjacent to the reflective surface with space between the fibers and the reflective surface;wherein, light transmitted through the transmitting fiber emerges at the uncoupled end, propagates a short distance, and is reflected by the reflective surface into the at least one receiving fiber, and is detected by a light sensing means, upon a physical displacement in the material in response to the electromagnetic phenomena causing a change in the distance between the fiber ends and the reflective surface, and the change in the distance modulating the amount of light reflected into the at least one receiving fiber. 2. The sensor in claim 1, wherein the at least one transmitting fiber and the at least one receiving fiber are the same fiber, with one end being coupled to a light source and a light sensing means and the second end being adjacent to the reflective surface with space between the fiber and the reflective surface. 3. The sensor in claim 1, wherein the sensor measures voltage. 4. The sensor in claim 1, wherein the sensor measures electric current. 5. The sensor in claim 1, wherein the sensor measures magnetic fields. 6. The sensor in claim 1, wherein the sensor measures electric fields. 7. The sensor of claim 1, wherein a plurality of receiving fibers are used. 8. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the at least one receiving fiber consists of six fibers arranged surrounding the transmitting fiber. 9. The sensor in claim 1, wherein the at least one transmitting fiber and at least one receiving fiber are multimode fibers. 10. The sensor in claim 7, wherein the plurality of receiving fibers are multimode fibers. 11. The sensor in claim 1, wherein the physical displacement of the material is caused by the Lorentz force. 12. The sensor in claim 1, wherein the physical displacement of the material is caused by the piezoelectric effect. 13. The sensor in claim 1, wherein the physical displacement of the material is caused by the magnetostrictive effect. 14. The sensor in claim 1, wherein the physical displacement of the material is caused by the force explained by Coulomb's Law. 15. The sensor in claim 1, wherein the physical displacement is caused by the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged materials. 16. The sensor in claim 11, where the material is a conductor. 17. The sensor in claim 11, where the material is a conductive wire or strip. 18. The sensor in claim 12, wherein the material used has piezoelectric properties. 19. The sensor in claim 12 wherein the piezoelectric material comprises barium titanate, lead titanate, ZnO, lead zirconate titanate (PZT), lead lanthanum zirconate titanate, lead magnesium niobate, quartz, tourmaline, or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). 20. The sensor in claim 13, wherein the material used has magnetostrictive properties. 21. The sensor in claim 13 wherein the magnetostrictive material comprises nickel, cobalt, galfenol, or terfenol-d. 22. The sensor in claim 14, wherein the material is a conductor consisting of two conductive plates positioned parallel to one another. 23. The sensor in claim 15, wherein the mechanical displacement is due to the force caused by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged materials, such as aluminum and electrically charged NaCl. 24. The sensor in claim 1, wherein the material that experiences a physical displacement in response to an electromagnetic phenomena has a reflective layer or coating to enhance its light reflective properties. 25. The sensor in claim 1, wherein the space between the fiber probe and reflective surface is filled with a gas. 26. The sensor in claim 25, wherein the space between the fiber probe and reflective surface is filled with air, nitrogen, or SF6. 27. The sensor in claim 1, wherein the space between the fiber probe and reflective surface is filled with a liquid. 28. The sensor in claim 1, wherein the reflective body affixed to the material is constructed in a manner wherein the reflective material displaces proportionally and in a direction perpendicular to the physical displacement of the material. 29. The sensor in claim 12, wherein the reflective body affixed to the material is constructed in a manner wherein the reflective material displaces proportionally and in a direction perpendicular to the physical displacement of the material. 30. The sensor in claim 13, wherein the reflective body affixed to the material is constructed in a manner wherein the reflective material displaces proportionally and in a direction perpendicular to the physical displacement of the material. 31. The sensor in claim 1, including a housing for the fiber optic probe, the material, and the reflective surface. 32. The sensor in claim 1, wherein the transmitting and receiving fibers are encased within a protective tubing. 33. The sensor in claim 32, wherein the tubing is dielectric. 34. The sensor in claim 31, wherein the housing is sealed from exterior contamination. 35. The sensor in claim 31, wherein the housing is constructed of dielectric material. 36. The sensor in claim 31, wherein the housing is constructed of a metal. 37. The sensor of claim 31, wherein the housing and reflector body are free of metals. 38. The sensor in claim 31, wherein the housing comprises means to set the distance between the fiber probe and the reflective material. 39. The sensor in claim 1, wherein the light source is a light emitting diode or a laser. 40. The sensor in claim 1, wherein in the light sensing means is at least one of a PIN detector, a photodiode, a photomultiplier tube, or a semiconductor-metal detector. 41. The sensor in claim 1, wherein the distance between the fiber probe and the reflective material or body is in a range of 0 to 500 microns.
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이 특허에 인용된 특허 (15)
Davidson, James R.; Seifert, Gary D., Electro-optic high voltage sensor.
Oliver Steven A. (Dedham MA) DiMarzio Charles A. (Cambridge MA), Method and apparatus for performing magnetic field measurements using magneto-optic kerr effect sensors.
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