초록 ▼

A pulse combustion heat exchanger having a longitudinal axis is configured to accept oxidant and fuel and output a cooled combustion stream. The pulse combustion heat exchanger includes an oxidant inlet section that accepts oxidant, a fuel inlet section that accepts fuel, a mixing section that mixes

A pulse combustion heat exchanger having a longitudinal axis is configured to accept oxidant and fuel and output a cooled combustion stream. The pulse combustion heat exchanger includes an oxidant inlet section that accepts oxidant, a fuel inlet section that accepts fuel, a mixing section that mixes oxidant with fuel, a combustion section that receives the oxidant and fuel and produces a pulsating combustion stream, and a heat transfer section configured to receive the pulsating combustion stream, the heat transfer section includes one or more resonance conduits. Coolant is employed at a plurality of longitudinally spaced-apart transition sections to remove heat.

대표청구항 ▼

1. An aerovalve (A), having an aerovalve longitudinal axis (X1), an outer surface (S) with an outer diameter (D0), an interior (A-IN), a rear end (1E1) having a rearwardly facing rear surface (1E1S), a forward end (2E1) having a forwardly facing forward surface (2E1S), and a total aerovalve length (

1. An aerovalve (A), having an aerovalve longitudinal axis (X1), an outer surface (S) with an outer diameter (D0), an interior (A-IN), a rear end (1E1) having a rearwardly facing rear surface (1E1S), a forward end (2E1) having a forwardly facing forward surface (2E1S), and a total aerovalve length (L) defined between the rear and forward ends (1E1, 2E1) along the aerovalve longitudinal axis (X1), the aerovalve (A) further comprising: an oxidant inlet (1A0) located at the rear end (1E1), the oxidant inlet (1A0) configured to introduce oxidant (1A1) into the interior (A-IN) of the aerovalve (A);an oxidant and fuel mixture outlet (2A0) located at the forward end (2E1), the oxidant and fuel mixture outlet (2A0) configured to expel an oxidant and fuel mixture (1A3) present in the interior (A-IN) of the aerovalve (A);a first plurality of fuel inlet ports (1A, 1B, 1C, . . . ) opening to the outer surface (S), a second plurality of fuel outlet ports (2A, 2B, 2C, . . . ) opening to the interior (A-IN), and a third plurality of fuel transfer channels (3A, 3B, 3C, . . . ) configured to transfer fuel (1A2) from the first plurality of fuel inlet ports (1A, 1B, 1C, . . . ) to the second plurality of fuel outlet ports (2A, 2B, 2C, . . . );a first inner conical surface (S1) tapering radially inwardly at a first angle (A1) to a first inner diameter (D1), the first inner conical surface (S1) extending in the forward direction from proximate the rear end (1E1) for a first length (L1) along the aerovalve longitudinal axis (X1);a second inner conical surface (S2) expanding radially outwardly at a second angle (A2) to a second inner diameter (D2), the second inner conical surface (S2) extending in the forward direction from proximate the first inner conical surface (S1) for a second length (L2) along the aerovalve longitudinal axis (X1), the second inner diameter (D2) being less than the outer diameter (D0); anda third inner conical surface (S3) expanding radially outwardly at a third angle (A3) to a third inner diameter (D3), the third inner conical surface (S3) extending in the forward direction from proximate the second inner conical surface (S2) for a third length (L3) along the aerovalve longitudinal axis (X1), the third inner diameter (D3) being greater than the first and second inner diameters (D1, D2) and less than the outer diameter (D0); wherein:the first angle (A1) is greater than the second angle (A2);the third angle (A3) is greater than the second angle (A2); andthe second plurality of fuel outlet ports (2A, 2B, 2C, . . . ) are positioned on the third inner conical surface (S3). 2. A cylindrical aerovalve (A) according to claim 1, wherein the first angle (A1) ranges from between 30 degrees to 60 degrees. 3. A cylindrical aerovalve (A) according to claim 1, wherein the second angle (A2) ranges from between 1.5 degrees to 11.25 degrees. 4. The cylindrical aerovalve (A) according to claim 1, wherein the third angle (A3) ranges from between 11.25 degrees to 90 degrees. 5. The cylindrical aerovalve (A) according to claim 1, wherein the total aerovalve length (L) to first inner diameter (D1) ratio ranges from 2.5 to 10. 6. The cylindrical aerovalve (A) according to claim 1, wherein the total aerovalve length (L) to outer diameter (D0) ratio ranges from 1 to 8. 7. The cylindrical aerovalve (A) according to claim 1, wherein the first inner diameter (D1) to outer diameter (D0) ratio ranges from 1.25 to 3.75. 8. A pulse combustion heat exchanger (1000) that is configured to accept oxidant (1A1) and fuel (1A2) and output a cooled combustion stream (1A5), including: (a) an oxidant inlet section (100) that is configured to accept oxidant (1A1);(b) a fuel inlet section (200) that is configured to accept fuel (1A2);(c) a mixing section (300) including one or more aerovalves in accordance with claim 1 (A, A′, A″); that are configured to accept and mix oxidant (1A1) from the oxidant inlet section (100) with fuel (1A2) from the fuel inlet section (200) to create an oxidant and fuel mixture (1A3);(d) a combustion section (400) configured to receive and combust the oxidant and fuel mixture (1A3) from the mixing section (300) to produce a pulsating combustion stream (1A4);(e) a heat transfer section (500) configured to receive the combustion stream (1A4) from the combustion section (400), the heat transfer section (500) including one or more resonance conduits (502, 502A, 502B, 502C, 502D, 502E) that are configured to transfer heat from the combustion stream (1A4) to an energy sink (V108), wherein combustion of the oxidant and fuel mixture (1A3) may continue to take place within the heat transfer section (500);(f) a first transition section (450) positioned between the combustion section (400) and the heat transfer section (500), the first transition section (450) comprising a first coolant path configured to receive a first coolant (451);(g) a second transition section (650) connected to the heat transfer section (500) and configured to receive the combustion stream (1A4) from the heat transfer section (500) and output a cooled combustion stream (1A5), the second transition section (650) comprising a second coolant path configured to receive a second coolant (651); and(h) a decoupler section (600) connected to the second transition section (650) and configured to accept the cooled combustion stream (1A5) from the second transition section (650) and output the cooled combustion stream (1A5) via a combustion stream outlet (606). 9. The pulse combustion heat exchanger (1000) according to claim 8, wherein the first transition section (450) comprises: a first pair of parallel tubesheets (403, 457) defining a first interior space (450-1) therebetween;a first coolant inlet (452) in fluid communication with the first interior space (450-1) and configured to receive the first coolant (451); anda first coolant outlet (454) in fluid communication with the first interior space (450-1); wherein:the first coolant inlet (452), the first interior space (450-1) and the first coolant outlet (454) together define the first coolant path through the first transition section (450). 10. The pulse combustion heat exchanger (1000) according to claim 9, wherein the second transition section (650) comprises: a second pair of parallel tubesheets (603, 657) defining a second interior space (650-1) therebetween;a second coolant inlet (652) in fluid communication with the second interior space (650-1) that is configured to receive the second coolant (652); anda second coolant outlet (654) in fluid communication with the second interior space (650-1); wherein:the second coolant inlet (652), the second interior space (650-1) and the second coolant outlet (654) together define the second coolant path through the second transition section (450). 11. The pulse combustion heat exchanger (1000) according to claim 8, further comprising: a third transition section (350) positioned between the mixing section (300) and the combustion section (400) that is provided with a third coolant (351). 12. The pulse combustion heat exchanger (1000) according to claim 11, wherein the third transition section (350) comprises: a third pair of parallel tubesheets (357, 205) defining a third interior space (350-1) therebetween;a third coolant inlet (352) in fluid communication with the third interior space (350-1) that is configured to receive the third coolant (351); anda third coolant outlet (354), in fluid communication with the third interior space (350-1); wherein:the third coolant inlet (352), the third interior space (350-1) and the third coolant outlet (354) together define a third coolant path through the third transition section (350). 13. The pulse combustion heat exchanger (1000) according to claim 8, further comprising: at least one ignitor (410, 410A, 410B) is in fluid communication with the combustion section (400); andan ignitor input (412) configured to introduce an ignitor mixture (1A6) to the ignitor (410), the ignitor input (412) being in fluid communication with an ignitor oxidant supply and an ignitor fuel supply. 14. The pulse combustion heat exchanger (1000) according to claim 13, further comprising: a plurality of ignitors (410A, 410B) in fluid communication with the combustion section (400). 15. The pulse combustion heat exchanger (1000) according to claim 8, further comprising: a vessel (V100) having an interior (V102) defined by at least one side wall (V104); anda heat transfer medium (V106) occupying the vessel's interior (V102) and configured to accept heat from the heat transfer section (500) and serve as an energy sink (V108). 16. The pulse combustion heat exchanger (1000) according to claim 8, wherein: the first transition section (450) is provided with a first coolant inlet (452) and a first coolant outlet (454);the second transition section (650) is provided with a second coolant inlet (652) and a second coolant outlet (654);the heat exchanger further comprises a coolant recycling drum (800) having a drum outlet (812) in fluid communication with the first and second coolant inlets (452, 652) and further having drum inlet (822) in fluid communication with the first and second coolant outlets (454, 654); anda recycling pump (810) is interposed between the drum outlet (812) and the first and second coolant inlets (452, 652), the recycling pump (810) configured to supply coolant (815) under pressure to the first and second coolant inlets (452, 652). 17. The pulse combustion heat exchanger (1000) according to claim 16, further comprising: a first restriction orifice (RO1) positioned between the recycling pump (810) and the first coolant inlet (452); anda second restriction orifice (RO2) positioned in between the recycling pump (810) and the second coolant inlet (652). 18. The pulse combustion heat exchanger (1000) according to claim 16, further comprising: a third transition section (350) between the mixing section (300) and the combustion section (400), the third transition section (350) having a third coolant inlet (352) and a third coolant outlet (354); wherein:the drum outlet (812) is in fluid communication with the third coolant inlet (352) and the drum inlet (822) is in fluid communication with the third coolant outlet (354); andthe recycling pump (810) is interposed between the drum outlet (812) and the third coolant inlet (352), the recycling pump (810) configured to supply coolant (815) under pressure to the third coolant inlet (352). 19. The pulse combustion heat exchanger (1000) according to claim 18, further comprising: a first restriction orifice (RO1) positioned between the recycling pump (810) and the first coolant inlet (452);a second restriction orifice (RO2) positioned in between the recycling pump (810) and the second coolant inlet (652); anda third restriction orifice (RO3) positioned between the coolant recycling drum (800) and the third coolant inlet (352). 20. The pulse combustion heat exchanger (1000) according to claim 8, further comprising: a third transition section (350) between the mixing section (300) and the combustion section (400), the third transition section (350) having a third coolant inlet (352) and a third coolant outlet (354);a coolant recycling drum (800) having a drum outlet (812) in fluid communication with the third coolant inlet (352) and further having drum inlet (822) in fluid communication with the third coolant outlet (354); anda recycling pump (810) interposed between the drum outlet (812) and the third coolant inlet (352), the recycling pump (810) configured to supply coolant (815) under pressure to the third coolant inlets (352). 21. The pulse combustion heat exchanger (1000) according to claim 20, further comprising: a third restriction orifice (RO3) positioned between the coolant recycling drum (800) and the third coolant inlet (352). 22. The pulse combustion heat exchanger (1000) according to claim 8, further comprising: a plurality of fuel injectors (370A, 370B) location in the fuel inlet section (200), each fuel injector including a fuel injector conduit (372A, 372B) connected to a fuel injector distributor (374A, 374B), wherein:the fuel injector conduit (372A, 372B) is configured to accept said fuel (1A2), andfuel injector distributor (374A, 374B) is configured to transfer the fuel (1A2) from the fuel injector conduit (372A, 372B) into the mixing section (300).