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Compositions, kits, and methods are disclosed for determining one or more target polypeptides in a sample where the target polypeptides have undergone a post-translational modification. The compositions can include a first reagent including a cleavage-inducing moiety and a first binding agent for a

Compositions, kits, and methods are disclosed for determining one or more target polypeptides in a sample where the target polypeptides have undergone a post-translational modification. The compositions can include a first reagent including a cleavage-inducing moiety and a first binding agent for a binding site that includes a post-translational modification of a target polypeptide.

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1. A compound of the formula: T-L-M-D, wherein: T comprises an antibody or a fragment thereof specific for a target protein or polypeptide;L is an oxidation-labile linking group comprising an olefin, wherein the olefin comprises a vinyl sulfide, a vinyl ether, or an enamine;M is a direct bond, or is

1. A compound of the formula: T-L-M-D, wherein: T comprises an antibody or a fragment thereof specific for a target protein or polypeptide;L is an oxidation-labile linking group comprising an olefin, wherein the olefin comprises a vinyl sulfide, a vinyl ether, or an enamine;M is a direct bond, or is a divalent moiety having up to 100 non-hydrogen atoms selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, boron, and sulfur; andD is a fluorescent dye, a fluorescent label, a chromogenic dye, a chromogenic label, or an electrochemical label. 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein T comprises a haptenized antibody. 3. The compound of claim 1, wherein T comprises a biotinylated antibody or fragment thereof. 4. The compound of claim 1, wherein T comprises an antibody derivatized with a functional polymer. 5. The compound of claim 1, wherein M comprises a positively charged group. 6. The compound of claim 1, wherein M comprises a negatively charged group. 7. The compound of claim 1, wherein M comprises one or more amide linkages. 8. The compound of claim 7, wherein M is where * indicates the point of attachment to D, and ** indicates the point of attachment to L. 9. The compound of claim 1, wherein D is a fluorescent dye. 10. The compound of claim 9, wherein D is a water-soluble rhodamine dye, a fluorescein, a 4,7-dichlorofluorescein, or a benzoxanthene dye. 11. The compound of claim 10, wherein D is a fluorescein, where the fluorescein is selected from the group consisting of: 5- and 6-carboxyfluorescein, 5- and 6-carboxy-4,7-dichlorofluorescein, 2′,7′-dimethoxy-5- and 6-carboxy-4,7-dichlorofluorescein, 2′,7′-dimethoxy-4′,5′-dichloro-5- and 6-carboxyfluorescein, 2′,7′-dimethoxy-4′,5′-dichloro-5- and 6-carboxy-4,7-dichlorofluorescein, 1′,2′,7′,8′-dibenzo-5- and 6-carboxy-4,7-dichlorofluorescein, 1′,2′,7′,8′-dibenzo-4′,5′-dichloro-5- and 6-carboxy-4,7-dichlorofluorescein, 2′,7′-dichloro-5- and 6-carboxy-4,7-dichlorofluorescein, and 2′,4′,5′,7′-tetrachloro-5- and 6-carboxy-4,7-dichlorofluorescein. 12. The compound of claim 10, wherein D is and * indicates the point of attachment to L.