A method for the manufacture of a hole in a component consisting of a composite material, such as a fiber reinforced plastic part or a fabric reinforced plastic part, which is characterized in that the component having first and second oppositely disposed sides is placed with its first side on a sup
A method for the manufacture of a hole in a component consisting of a composite material, such as a fiber reinforced plastic part or a fabric reinforced plastic part, which is characterized in that the component having first and second oppositely disposed sides is placed with its first side on a support having an iris diaphragm, in that a tip which diverges in the axial direction is pressed coming from the second side of the component through the component, which optionally has a pre-piercing, for the formation of the hole or for the enlargement of the pre-piercing and in that the iris diaphragm has a smaller starting opening which receives a narrower region of the tip and opens into a larger opening with increasing penetration of the component by the tip, whereby the component is supported during the hole formation over an as large as possible area from the first side. A piercing aid in the form of an iris diaphragm or a corresponding die button is likewise claimed.
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1. A piercing aid in combination with a tip for a hole formation in a component (12), wherein the piercing aid is an iris diaphragm (18) having a smaller initial opening (28) which can be pressed open to a larger opening (32) during hole formation in the component, wherein the iris diaphragm has mov
1. A piercing aid in combination with a tip for a hole formation in a component (12), wherein the piercing aid is an iris diaphragm (18) having a smaller initial opening (28) which can be pressed open to a larger opening (32) during hole formation in the component, wherein the iris diaphragm has movably arranged diaphragm segments (36; 60) which are arranged in a mount or in a plurality of mounts of a die button body (64) wherein the diaphragm segments lie in a first plane and in a second plane, wherein the diaphragm segments of the first plane form an at least substantially polygonal hole, wherein the diaphragm segment of the second plane form an at least substantially polygonal hole, and wherein the polygonal hole of the first plane is offset angularly by one half side length of the polygonal hole of the first hole to the polygonal hole of the second plane. 2. The piercing aid in accordance with claim 1, wherein the component (12) consists of composite material. 3. The piercing aid in accordance with claim 1, wherein the composite material is selected as one of a fiber reinforced plastic part and a fabric reinforced plastic part. 4. The piercing aid in accordance with claim 1, wherein the iris diaphragm (18) has at least two to twelve movably arranged diaphragm segments (36; 60) which lie in one plane or in a plurality of planes. 5. The piercing aid in accordance with claim 1, wherein the movably arranged diaphragm segments (36; 60) are guidedly arranged. 6. The piercing aid in accordance with claim 1, wherein the one mount is formed in an end face of a die button body (64) confronting the component (12) and wherein a second mount is formed in a disk which is to be arranged on the end face of the die button body (64) or is arranged on the end face of the die button body (64) and can be secured to the latter by means of screws. 7. The piercing aid in accordance with claim 6, wherein the diaphragm segments (36; 60) of the iris diaphragm (18) which are arranged in the disk having a mount have a shoulder at the outer side which lies beneath the disk, whereby the diaphragm segments (36; 60) are guided in a manner secure against loss but displaceably within the mount. 8. The piercing aid in accordance with claim 1, wherein diaphragm segments (36; 60) of the iris diaphragm (18) are each or can each be biased into a position in which they form a smaller starting opening (28). 9. The piercing aid in accordance with claim 1, wherein a synchronization device is provided which synchronizes the movement of diaphragm segments (60). 10. The piercing aid in accordance with claim 9, wherein the synchronization device is formed at least partly by a tip which diverges in the axial direction. 11. The piercing aid in accordance with claim 9, wherein the synchronization device is formed by the peripheral shape of one mount or a plurality of mounts which receive the diaphragm segments. 12. The piercing aid in accordance with claim 9, wherein the synchronization device includes a compulsory guide which is movable synchronously with the formation of the hole. 13. The piercing aid in accordance with claim 1, wherein there are four diaphragm segments in each plane, wherein the diaphragm segments of each plane are arranged in a substantially square mount and wherein each diaphragm segment, apart from rounded corner regions, has five straight sides, with three sides forming with one another two enclosed angles of 90° each and the two further sides forming a V-shape and likewise with an included angle of 90°, with the two further included angles each amounting to 135°. 14. The piercing aid in accordance with claim 1, wherein the piercing aid has a heater whereby the component can be kept or heated in the area of the piercing to a matrix material dependent temperature at which the matrix material of the composite material does not melt but softens or is pasty. 15. The piercing aid in accordance with claim 14, wherein the component is heated to a temperature of 260° C. when the material is PA6. 16. The piercing aid in accordance with claim 1 in combination with a tip, which is formed by a free end face of a shaft part of a bolt or is formed as an auxiliary tip. 17. The piercing aid in accordance with claim 16, wherein the matching of the cross-sectional shape and size of the tip to the cross-sectional shape and size of the opening of the iris diaphragm takes place in such a way that, independent of the degree of penetration of the iris diaphragm by the tip or the auxiliary tip, the cross-sectional shape and cross-sectional size of the tip or of the auxiliary tip in the region of the opening of the iris diaphragm always corresponds to the cross-sectional shape and the cross-sectional size of the respective opening. 18. The piercing aid in accordance with claim 16, wherein the iris diaphragm is equipped with two diaphragm segments and wherein the tip or the auxiliary tip is of duck-beak shape. 19. The piercing aid in accordance with claim 18, wherein the diaphragm segments are each formed by a plate having a circular hole, with the one plate being slidable on the other plate. 20. A piercing aid in combination with a tip for a hole formation in a component (12), wherein the piercing aid is an iris diaphragm (18) having a smaller initial opening (28) which can be pressed open to a larger opening (32) during hole formation in the component, wherein the iris diaphragm has movable arranged diaphragm segments (36; 60) which are arranged in a mount or in a plurality of mounts of a die button body (64) wherein a synchronization device synchronizes the movement of the diaphragm segments such that the respective opening or size of the opening of the iris diaphragm is matched to the respective cross-sectional shape and cross-sectional size of the tip during the hole formation. 21. The piercing aid in accordance with claim 20, wherein the component (12) consists of composite material. 22. The piercing aid in accordance with claim 20, wherein the composite material is selected as one of a fiber reinforced plastic part and a fabric reinforced plastic part. 23. The piercing aid in accordance with claim 20, wherein the iris diaphragm (18) has at least two to twelve movably arranged diaphragm segments (36; 60) which lie in one plane or in a plurality of planes. 24. The piercing aid in accordance with claim 20, wherein the movably arranged diaphragm segments (36; 60) are guidedly arranged. 25. The piercing aid in accordance with claim 20, wherein the one mount is formed in an end face of a die button body (64) confronting the component (12) and wherein a second mount is formed in a disk which is to be arranged on the end face of the die button body (64) or is arranged on the end face of the die button body (64) and can be secured to the latter by means of screws. 26. The piercing aid in accordance with claim 25, wherein the diaphragm segments (36; 60) of the iris diaphragm (18) which are arranged in the disk having a mount have a shoulder at the outer side which lies beneath the disk, whereby the diaphragm segments (36; 60) are guided in a manner secure against loss but displaceably within the mount. 27. The piercing aid in accordance with claim 20, wherein the diaphragm segments (36; 60) of the iris diaphragm (18) are each or can each be biased into a position in which they form a smaller starting opening (28). 28. The piercing aid in accordance with claim 20, wherein the synchronization device is formed at least partly by a tip which diverges in the axial direction. 29. The piercing aid in accordance with claim 28, wherein the synchronization device is formed by the peripheral shape of one mount or a plurality of mounts which receive the diaphragm segments. 30. The piercing aid in accordance with claim 28, wherein the synchronization device includes a compulsory guide which is movable synchronously with the formation of the hole. 31. The piercing aid in accordance with claim 20, wherein diaphragm segments lie in a first plane and in a second plane; wherein the diaphragm segments of the first plane form an at least substantially polygonal hole, wherein the diaphragm segments of the second plane form an at least substantially polygonal hole and wherein the polygonal hole of the first plane is offset angularly by one half side length of the polygonal hole of the first hole to the polygonal hole of the second plane. 32. The piercing aid in accordance with claim 31, wherein there are four diaphragm segments in each plane, wherein the diaphragm segments of each plane are arranged in a substantially square mount and wherein each diaphragm segment, apart from rounded corner regions, has five straight sides, with three sides forming with one another two enclosed angles of 90° each and the two further sides forming a V-shape and likewise with an included angle of 90°, with the two further included angles each amounting to 135°. 33. The piercing aid in accordance with claim 20, wherein the piercing aid has a heater whereby the component can be kept or heated in the area of the piercing to a matrix material dependent temperature at which the matrix material of the composite material does not melt but softens or is pasty. 34. The piercing aid in accordance with claim 33, wherein the component is heated to a temperature of 260° C. when the material is PA6. 35. The piercing aid in accordance with claim 20 in combination with a tip, which is formed by a free end face of a shaft part of a bolt or is formed as an auxiliary tip. 36. The piercing aid in accordance with claim 35, wherein the matching of the cross-sectional shape and size of the tip to the cross-sectional shape and size of the opening of the iris diaphragm takes place in such a way that, independent of the degree of penetration of the iris diaphragm by the tip or the auxiliary tip, the cross-sectional shape and cross-sectional size of the tip or of the auxiliary tip in the region of the opening of the iris diaphragm always corresponds to the cross-sectional shape and the cross-sectional size of the respective opening. 37. The piercing aid in accordance with claim 36, wherein the iris diaphragm is equipped with two diaphragm segments and wherein the tip or the auxiliary tip is of duck-beak shape. 38. The piercing aid in accordance with claim 37, wherein the diaphragm segments are each formed by a plate having a circular hole, with the one plate being slidable on the other plate.
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