초록
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An explosive mixture of a water-in-oil dispersion (matrix emulsion) and ammonium nitrate granules (prills) of fertilizer grade, mechanically sensitized by microspheres (microballs), of plastic ceramic, glass or mixtures thereof and/or by means of a chemical reaction of bubble generation (gasification), which obtains an explosive composition of greater energy, greater volume of gases, water resistant and sensitive to No. 8 detonator, with a relative density as a cartridge between 0.95 g/cm3 and 1.25 g/cm3, with a detonation rate in an unconfined medium as...
An explosive mixture of a water-in-oil dispersion (matrix emulsion) and ammonium nitrate granules (prills) of fertilizer grade, mechanically sensitized by microspheres (microballs), of plastic ceramic, glass or mixtures thereof and/or by means of a chemical reaction of bubble generation (gasification), which obtains an explosive composition of greater energy, greater volume of gases, water resistant and sensitive to No. 8 detonator, with a relative density as a cartridge between 0.95 g/cm3 and 1.25 g/cm3, with a detonation rate in an unconfined medium as cartridge in the range from 3500 m/s to 5900 m/s and it is stable for a minimum period of 6 months and where the explosive mixture is used in plastic or paper cartridges (chubs) as a nitrocarbonitrate primer and/or column loading in land blasting (rocks) from soft hardness to very hard in underground mining and/or open pits.
대표
청구항
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1. A granular explosive mixture comprising: an aqueous oxidizing solution of inorganic salts forming the dispersed phase where these inorganic salts are: from 55% to 80% by weight of ammonium nitrate of fertilizer grade as the largest component;from 0.1% to 16% by weight of sodium nitrate;from 0.1% to 3.5% by weight of thiourea; andfrom 6% to 18% by weight of water;a continuous combustible phase formed by mineral, animal, vegetable hydrocarbons or mixtures thereof, where the hydrocarbon of animal origin includes shark oil, anchovy oil, whale oil, cod liv...
1. A granular explosive mixture comprising: an aqueous oxidizing solution of inorganic salts forming the dispersed phase where these inorganic salts are: from 55% to 80% by weight of ammonium nitrate of fertilizer grade as the largest component;from 0.1% to 16% by weight of sodium nitrate;from 0.1% to 3.5% by weight of thiourea; andfrom 6% to 18% by weight of water;a continuous combustible phase formed by mineral, animal, vegetable hydrocarbons or mixtures thereof, where the hydrocarbon of animal origin includes shark oil, anchovy oil, whale oil, cod liver oil, seal oil, lard oil, snake oil and mixtures thereof; vegetable oil includes olive oil, soybean oil, palm oil, sunflower oil, cottonseed oil, rapeseed or mustard oil, linseed oil, coconut oil and mixtures thereof and where such hydrocarbons may be in their liquid or solid nature and where such continuous combustible phase includes an agent or a surfactant agent mixture of a non-ionic or polymeric nature comprising:from 10% to 38% by weight of a non-ionic nature emulsifying, polymeric or mixtures thereof; selected from polyisobutylene succinic anhydride, sorbitan monooleate and mixtures thereof;from 0.1% to 10% by weight of mineral, vegetable or animal oil;from 0.1% to 60% by weight of microcrystalline wax;from 0.1% to 50% by weight of paraffin; from 10% to 20% of candelilla wax of vegetable origin with a viscosity of the matrix emulsion of 40000 cP to 150000 cP and that allows the retention of the nitrogen bubbles after the gasification in the cartridge avoiding its coalescence; andan 80% oily liquid solution of a hydrocarbon solvent based on n-alkane and iso-alkalines of C12 to C15 chain a density of 0.82 g/cm3 to 0.86 g/cm3 containing ammonium nitrate granules (prills) of fertilizer grade in a ratio of 0.2% to 3% by weight of the total ammonium nitrate mixture (prills) and a viscosity of 200 cP; wherein the explosive mixture is mechanically sensitized with microsphere corpuscles (microball) of glass, ceramics, plastic and mixtures thereof in the ratio of 0.1% to 3% by weight and the liquid hydrocarbon solvent based on n-alkane and iso-alkane in the ratio of 50% to 95% by weight of the explosive emulsion and 50% to 5% by weight of granulated ammonium nitrate mixture (prills),wherein encased in a water dispersion in oil (emulsion) and ammonium nitrate (prills) granules, fertilizer grade, sensitive to detonator No. 8, with gas volume (L/kg) between 1000 and 1250 and a breaking power Hess (mm) between 15 and 30. 2. A granular explosive mixture comprising: an aqueous oxidizing solution of inorganic salts forming the dispersed phase where these inorganic salts are; from 55% to 80% by weight of ammonium nitrate of fertilizer grade as the largest component;from 0.1% to 16% by weight of sodium nitrate;from 0.1% to 3.5% by weight of Thiourea;from 6% to 18% by weight of water;a continuous combustible phase formed by hydrocarbons of mineral, animal, or vegetable origin or mixtures thereof, where the hydrocarbon of animal origin includes shark oil, anchovy oil, whale oil, cod liver oil, seal oil, lard oil, snake oil and mixtures thereof; vegetable oil includes olive oil, soybean oil, palm oil, sunflower oil, cottonseed oil, rapeseed or mustard oil, linseed oil, coconut oil and mixtures thereof and where such hydrocarbons may be in their liquid or solid nature and where that continuous combustible phase includes an agent or a mixture of a surfactant agent of a non-ionic or polymer nature comprising: from 10% to 38% by weight of emulsifier of non-ionic polymeric nature or mixtures thereof, selected from polybutylene succinic anhydride, sorbitan monooleate and mixtures thereof;from 0.1% to 10% by weight of oil of mineral, vegetable or animal origin;from 0.1% to 60% by weight of microcrystalline wax;from 0.1% to 50% by weight of paraffin;from 10% to 20% is candelilla wax of vegetable origin which confers it the appropriate consistency, with a viscosity of the matrix emulsion between 40000 cP and 150000 cP, and which allows retention of the nitrogen bubbles after gasification in the cartridge, avoiding its coalescence; andan oily liquid solution at 80% of a hydrocarbon solvent based on n-alkane and iso-alkanes of C12 to C15 chain, with a density of between 0.82 g/cm3 and 0.86 g/cm3 that contains ammonium nitrate granules (prills) of fertilizer grade in a ratio of 0.2% to 3% by weight of the total ammonium nitrate (prills) mixture and a viscosity of 200 cP, where the explosive mixture is sensitized with a bubble generation chemical reaction (gasification) when adding a gasifying agent that comprises a sodium nitrite oxidizing salt solution,wherein the mixture is encased based on a water dispersion in oil (emulsion) and ammonium nitrate granules (prills) of fertilizer grade, sensitive to No. 8 detonator, with gas volume (L/kg) between 1000 and 1250 and a breaking power Hess (mm) between 15 and 30. 3. A granular explosive mixture according to claim 2, wherein the sodium nitrite gasifying agent has a pH of 6.0 to 8.0; and it is mixed with the emulsified explosive mass and the granulated ammonium nitrate prior to its packaging in the weight ratio between 97.5% and 99.8% of explosive mass and 2.5% to 0.2% of the sodium nitrite gasifying agent at a temperature of 70° C. to 90° C. 4. A packaged granular explosive mixture comprising: an aqueous oxidizing solution of inorganic salts which forms the dispersed phase where the inorganic salts comprise: From 55% to 80% by weight of ammonium nitrate of fertilizer grade, considered as the largest component;From 0.1% to 16% by weight of sodium nitrate; andFrom 0.1% to 3.5% by weight of Thiourea;From 6% to 18% by weight of water;a continuous combustible phase comprising hydrocarbons of mineral, animal or vegetable origin or mixtures thereof, wherein the hydrocarbon of animal origin includes shark oil, anchovy oil, whale oil, cod liver oil, seal oil, lard oil, snake oil and mixtures thereof; the vegetable oil includes olive oil, soybean oil, palm oil, sunflower oil, cottonseed oil, rapeseed or mustard oil, linseed oil, coconut oil and mixtures thereof and where the hydrocarbons may be in their liquid or solid nature and wherein the continuous combustible phase includes an agent or a mixture of surfactant agent of non-ionic or polymeric nature that comprises: From 10% to 38% by weight of emulsifier of nonionic, polymeric nature or mixtures thereof, polyisobutylene succinic anhydride, sorbitan monooleate and mixtures thereof;From 0.1% to 10% by weight of mineral oil, vegetable or animal origin;From 0.1% to 60% by weight of microcrystalline wax;From 0.1% to 50% by weight of paraffin;From 10% to 20% of candelilla wax of vegetable origin which confers it the appropriate consistency, with a viscosity of the matrix emulsion between 40000 cP and 150000 cP and that allows the retention of the nitrogen bubbles after gasification in the cartridge, avoiding its coalescence; anda mixture of ammonium nitrate granules (prills) of fertilizer grade containing a ratio of 0.2 to 3% of weight of the overall mixture, an oily liquid solution at 80% of a hydrocarbon solvent based on n-alkane and iso-alkanes of C12 to C15 chain with a density of 0.82 g/cm3 to 0.86 g/cm3 and a viscosity of 200 Cp, wherein the matrix emulsion is made sensitive with a combination of mechanical sensitization when adding microsphere corpuscles (microball) of glass, ceramic, plastic or mixtures thereof in the ratio of 0.1% to 3% by weight of the overall mixture and a mixture of the explosive emulsion and the ammonium nitrate granules (prills) of fertilizer grade in the ratio of 50% to 95% by weight of the explosive emulsion and from 50% to 5% by weight of the mixture of granulated ammonium nitrate (prills) and chemical sensitization when adding a gasifying agent which comprises a solution of sodium nitrite oxidizing salt with a pH of 6.0 to 8.0; which is mixed with the emulsion explosive mass and the granulated ammonium nitrate before being packaged in the cartridge machine in the ratio of 97.5% to 99.8% by weight of the explosive mass and 2.5% to 0.2% by weight of the sodium nitrite gasifying agent at a temperature from 70° C. to 90° C.,wherein the mixture is based on a dispersion of water in oil (emulsion) and ammonium nitrate granules (prills) of fertilizer grade, sensitive to No. 8 detonator, with a volume of gases (L/kg) between 1000 and 1250 and a breaking power Hess (mm) of between 15 and 30. 5. A cartridge (chub) with a diameter from 2.22 cm ⅞″ to 7.62 (3″) and a length from 15.24 cm (6″) to 60.96 cm (24″) wherein the cartridge comprises a granular explosive mixture according to claim 1. 6. A cartridge (chub) with a diameter from 2.22 cm ⅞″ to 7.62 (3″) and a length from 15.24 cm (6″) to 60.96 cm (24″) wherein the cartridge comprises a granular explosive mixture according to claim 2. 7. A cartridge (chub) with a diameter from 2.22 cm ⅞″ to 7.62 (3″) and a length from 15.24 cm (6″) to 60.96 cm (24″) wherein the cartridge comprises a granular explosive mixture according to claim 4.
