A system and method for distilling water is disclosed. The system comprises a heat source, and a plurality of open-cycle adsorption stages, each stage comprising a plurality of beds and an evaporator and a condenser between a first bed and a second bed, wherein each bed comprises at least two vapor
A system and method for distilling water is disclosed. The system comprises a heat source, and a plurality of open-cycle adsorption stages, each stage comprising a plurality of beds and an evaporator and a condenser between a first bed and a second bed, wherein each bed comprises at least two vapor valves, a plurality of hollow tubes, a plurality of channels adapted for transferring water vapor to and from at least one of the condenser or the evaporator, a porous media, a hygroscopic material, and a plurality of graphite flakes, and wherein each vapor valve connects a bed to either the condenser or the evaporator. The method utilizes a number of open-cycle adsorption stages operate in an alternating cycle of forcing and relaxing, whereby both the latent heat of vaporization and the latent heat of adsorption are multiply reused to distill water.
대표청구항▼
1. A method of distilling water, comprising the steps of: a. providing a plurality of stages, each stage comprising a hot adsorbent bed and a cold adsorbent bed, and each stage has an upper and lower operating temperature limit, the difference between the upper and lower operating temperature limit
1. A method of distilling water, comprising the steps of: a. providing a plurality of stages, each stage comprising a hot adsorbent bed and a cold adsorbent bed, and each stage has an upper and lower operating temperature limit, the difference between the upper and lower operating temperature limit being less than about 20° C.;b. beginning a forcing phase, wherein the forcing phase comprises the steps of: i. providing an external heat source to heat the hot bed of a first stage to a first temperature;ii. desorbing water vapor from the hot bed of the first stage and flowing water vapor into a first condenser;iii. condensing water vapor in the first condenser to form a liquid water and removing at least some of the liquid water from the first condenser;iv. providing a solution comprising water and at least one dissolved impurity to a first evaporator, the solution having a temperature predetermined to suit the equilibrium uptake of an adsorbent, where a suitable temperature is predetermined by first selecting both a desired operational temperature range and uptake range for the adsorbent, then selecting the solution temperature such that the saturated water vapor partial pressure corresponds to the desired adsorbent temperature and uptake range;v. transferring a forcing phase latent heat of vaporization from vapor condensing in the first condenser to the first evaporator to evaporate the solution comprising water and at least one dissolved impurity to form water vapor and increasing a concentration of the solution comprising water and at least one dissolved impurity;vi. adsorbing water vapor from the first evaporator into the cold bed of the first stage;vii. transferring the heat of adsorption generated by the cold bed of the first stage to heat a hot bed of a second stage to a second temperature less than the first temperature using vapor generated through the conduction of heat from the cold bed of the first stage into at least one sealed tube and at least one sealed manifold chamber connecting the two beds, wherein the sealed tubes and chambers are evacuated of non-condensable gases and partially filled with a volatile liquid;viii. repeating steps ii-vii for each of the plurality of stages until each of the beds has had water vapor desorbed from the bed or adsorbed into the bed;ix. exhausting the heat of adsorption generated by the cold bed of the final stage externally; andc. ending the forcing phase and beginning a relaxing phase, wherein the relaxing phase comprises the steps of: x. transferring both the sensible heat of the adsorbent bed and the heat of adsorption from the hot bed of the first stage to the cold bed of the first stage using vapor generated through the conduction of heat from the cold bed of the first stage into at least one sealed tube and at least one sealed manifold chamber connecting the two beds, wherein the sealed tubes and chambers are evacuated of non-condensable gases and partially filled with a volatile liquid;xi. desorbing water vapor from the cold bed of the first stage into the first condenser;xii. condensing water vapor in the first condenser to form a liquid water and removing at least some of the liquid water from the condenser;xiii. providing the solution comprising water and at least one dissolved impurity to the first evaporator;xiv. transferring a relaxing phase latent heat of vaporization from vapor condensing in the first condenser to the first evaporator to evaporate the solution comprising water and at least one dissolved impurity to form water vapor and increasing the concentration of the solution comprising water and at least one dissolved impurity;xv. adsorbing water vapor from the first evaporator into the hot bed of the first stage, generating a heat of adsorption;xvi. repeating steps x-xiii for each of the plurality of stages;d. ending the relaxing phase. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein at least some of the liquid water exiting at least one component selected from the group consisting of a condenser or an evaporator is passed through a heat exchanger in thermal communication with at least some of the solution comprising water and at least one dissolved impurity entering at least one evaporator. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the solution comprising water and at least one dissolved impurity is used to remove heat from at least one bed of at least one stage, and wherein at least a portion of the solution enters the first evaporator, and wherein the solution having increased concentration is transferred from the evaporator of each stage to the evaporator of the next stage, until the last stage rejects any remaining solution as waste. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the solution comprising water and at least one dissolved impurity has been heated prior to being provided to the first evaporator through the use of at least one 3-input heat exchanger, to heat the incoming solution by extracting sensible heat from both the solution exiting at least one evaporator and the condensed liquid water exiting from at least one condenser. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first stage operates at temperatures between 105° C. and 210° C., and providing the plurality of stages comprises providing at least five stages. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing a plurality of solar cells to provide electrical power, and a plurality of solar thermal collectors to provide thermal power.
Hui Tong Chua SG; Kim Choon Ng SG; Abdul Malek SG; Takao Kashiwagi SG; Atsushi Akisawa SG; Bidyut Baran Saha SG, Regenerative adsorption process and multi-reactor regenerative adsorption chiller.
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