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A solution for evaluating the condition of a vehicle component based on resonant response profiles across a set of bands of vibrations. The vibrations can be induced into the target component during normal operation of the target component. The resonant response profile of the vehicle component can

A solution for evaluating the condition of a vehicle component based on resonant response profiles across a set of bands of vibrations. The vibrations can be induced into the target component during normal operation of the target component. The resonant response profile of the vehicle component can vary depending on wear or damage, and thus can be used to determine whether the vehicle component can safely remain in use. An embodiment comprises an isolated segment of rail of a length selected to allow a single railroad wheel on it at a time, with a set of devices which can induce specific vibrations into the wheel as it passes, and another set of devices which can acquire the resonance signals from the wheel.

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1. A method for resonant signal analysis-based inspection, the method comprising: detecting and recording resonances produced by vibrations of a spectrum of frequencies in an in-situ vehicle component as resonance data;determining a set of characteristics of resonant peaks within each of a plurality

1. A method for resonant signal analysis-based inspection, the method comprising: detecting and recording resonances produced by vibrations of a spectrum of frequencies in an in-situ vehicle component as resonance data;determining a set of characteristics of resonant peaks within each of a plurality of frequency bands of interest of the resonance data;comparing the set of characteristics with an expected resonance profile for the vehicle component, wherein the expected resonance profile includes a set of expected characteristics for each of the plurality of frequency bands of interest; anddetermining a condition of the vehicle component based on the comparing. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the vehicle component is a railroad wheel. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the spectrum of frequencies based on modeling of a set of characteristics of the vehicle component. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the spectrum of frequencies based on tests on a set of exemplar vehicle components. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the expected resonance profile is a sound-based parametric model using invariant feature sets representing a particular vehicle component or a particular type of vehicle component. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the expected resonance profile is based on a set of known vehicle components. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the expected resonance profile is based on a set of prior inspections performed on the vehicle component. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising refining the expected resonance profile prior to use based on a prediction based on the set of prior inspections. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising refining the expected resonance profile based on an established database of vehicles relevant to the vehicle component. 10. A system for resonant signal analysis-based inspection of a vehicle component, the system comprising: means for inducing vibrations of a spectrum of frequencies into an in-situ vehicle component;means for detecting resonant vibrations created in the vehicle component by the induced vibrations; anda computer system for evaluating the vehicle component by performing a method including: recording the detected resonant vibrations as resonance data for the vehicle component;determining a set of characteristics of resonant peaks within each of a plurality of frequency bands of interest of the resonance data;comparing the set of characteristics with an expected resonance profile for the vehicle component, wherein the expected resonance profile includes a set of expected characteristics for each of the plurality of frequency bands of interest; anddetermining a condition of the vehicle component based on the comparing. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the vehicle component is a railroad wheel. 12. The system of claim 11, further comprising a segment of track having a length selected to only include a single railroad wheel for a rail vehicle at a time, and configured to be physically isolated from tracks on both sides of the segment. 13. The system of claim 10, wherein the means for inducing vibrations includes a piezoelectric device capable of inducing multiple selected frequencies. 14. The system of claim 10, wherein the means for inducing vibrations includes an electromagnetic device capable of inducing multiple selected frequencies. 15. The system of claim 10, wherein the means for inducing vibrations includes a striker moving through a substantially vertical hole in a rail over which the vehicle component is traveling. 16. The system of claim 10, wherein the means for detecting resonant vibrations includes the same device as the means of inducing resonant vibrations. 17. The system of claim 10, wherein the means for detecting resonant vibrations includes at least one of: a piezoelectric device or an electromagnetic device, capable of inducing multiple selected frequencies. 18. The system of claim 10, wherein the means for detecting resonant vibrations includes a parabolic microphone. 19. A system for resonant signal analysis-based inspection of a vehicle component, the system comprising: means for detecting resonant vibrations created in the vehicle component during operation of the vehicle component on a vehicle; anda computer system for evaluating the vehicle component by performing a method including: recording the detected resonant vibrations as resonance data for the vehicle component;determining a set of characteristics of resonant peaks within each of a plurality of frequency bands of interest of the resonance data;comparing the set of characteristics with an expected resonance profile for the vehicle component, wherein the expected resonance profile includes a set of expected characteristics for each of the plurality of frequency bands of interest; anddetermining a condition of the vehicle component based on the comparing. 20. The system of claim 19, further comprising means for inducing the resonant vibrations in the vehicle component as the vehicle component travels over the means for inducing.