Water desalination system and method for fast cooling saline water using turbines
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
B01D-009/00
C02F-001/22
C02F-101/10
C02F-103/08
출원번호
US-0983658
(2015-12-30)
등록번호
US-10246345
(2019-04-02)
발명자
/ 주소
Lissianski, Vitali Victor
Hofer, Douglas Carl
Osaheni, John Aibangbee
Singh, Rajkeshar
Laursen, Anna Lis
Moraga, Francisco J.
출원인 / 주소
GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
대리인 / 주소
GE Global Patent Operation
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
0인용 특허 :
15
초록▼
A desalinating system and method is disclosed. The desalination system comprises using a turbo freeze or fast-cooling process to freeze saline water droplets and separate salt crystals from pure water crystals, wherein said system provides for simultaneous injection of saline water droplets and a ch
A desalinating system and method is disclosed. The desalination system comprises using a turbo freeze or fast-cooling process to freeze saline water droplets and separate salt crystals from pure water crystals, wherein said system provides for simultaneous injection of saline water droplets and a chilled refrigerant into a freezing chamber at a slip velocity sufficient to reduce the size of the saline water droplets to an optimal diameter.
대표청구항▼
1. A system for desalination comprising: a feed source of saline water;a feed source of at least one refrigerant;a compressor, comprising an input fluidly coupled to the source of said at least one refrigerant and an output, and configured to generate a compressed vaporized refrigerant;a condenser c
1. A system for desalination comprising: a feed source of saline water;a feed source of at least one refrigerant;a compressor, comprising an input fluidly coupled to the source of said at least one refrigerant and an output, and configured to generate a compressed vaporized refrigerant;a condenser comprising an input fluidly coupled to the compressor and an output, said condenser operatively configured to generate a chilled, partially liquefied refrigerant stream;at least one expansion device comprising at least one input fluidly coupled to the condenser and at least one output configured to release the chilled refrigerant stream at a refrigerant stream injection velocity;a freezing chamber comprising at least one input to introduce the chilled refrigerant stream into the chamber, and a first, second and third output,and at least one injector configured to introduce the saline water into the freezing chamber in the form of saline water droplets, wherein the at least one ejector introduces the saline water droplets into the freezing chamber at a slip injection velocity relative to the refrigerant stream injection velocity of about 10% to about 180%;and wherein direct contact in the chamber between the saline water droplets and the refrigerant stream forms ice particles comprising pure water, wherein the at least one expansion device is a two-stage turbo expander and the turbo expander is adapted to function as the freezing chamber. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the freezing chamber is a separate crystallization tank. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one injector is a sprayer comprising a nozzle operatively configured to introduce saline water droplets with an initial diameter (di) in the range of about 200 microns (μ) to about 1000 microns (μ) into the freezing chamber. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one ejector introduces the saline water droplets into the freezing chamber at a slip injection velocity relative to the refrigerant stream velocity that is sufficient to achieve saline water droplets with a reduced diameter (dr) in the range of about 10 microns (μ) to about 50 microns (μ). 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one injector introduces saline water droplets into the freezing chamber at a slip injection velocity in the range of about 48% to about 120%. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the at least one injector introduces saline water droplets into the freezing chamber at a slip injection velocity of about 90%. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein flow of the saline water droplets through the freezing chamber is in parallel flow relationship with and in the same direction as the refrigerant stream through the freezing chamber. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein flow of the saline water droplets through the freezing chamber is in cross-flow relationship to the refrigerant stream through the freezing chamber. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one refrigerant is selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbon, ammonia, chlorine-containing carbon compounds, and fluorine-containing carbon compounds. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the hydrocarbon comprises propane, isopentane, butane, iso-butane, pentane, or mixtures thereof. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the refrigerant stream in the freezing chamber is in the range of about 0° C. to about −50° C. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the first output of the freezing chamber is connected to a salt collector for collecting salt crystals, the second output of the freezing chamber is connected to an ice collector for collecting ice particles, and the third output is fluidly coupled to the compressor to create a closed circuit for the refrigerant stream. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the condenser is an ice melter fluidly connected to the ice collector and operatively configured to melt the ice particles to produce water containing no or essentially no salt and to condense the refrigerant stream by indirect heat exchange. 14. The system of claim 1, further characterized by one of the following: (a) said compressor, condenser, and turbo expander operatively are connected in a closed series relation to create a closed system and the at least one refrigerant circulates in the closed circuit; or (b) said compressor, condenser, turbo expander, and freezing chamber operatively are connected in a closed series relation to create a closed system and the at least one refrigerant circulates in the closed system. 15. The system of claim 1, further comprising at least one of the following: an ice separator;a solid/vapor separator;a salt/vapor separator;a device to mechanically remove ice particles from the freezing chamber;a pump configured to compress the saline water stream prior to introduction into the at least one nozzle;a storage tank fluidly connected to the ice melter that stores pored water derived from the ice particles;an air cooler to cool the compressed refrigerant stream;at least one heat exchanger configured to cool the compressed refrigerant stream after it exits the air cooler;a second heat exchanger configured to cool the saline water stream before injection into the chamber; anda controller operable to control the desalination system. 16. A desalinating process, comprising: (a) providing at least one refrigerant and a feed source of saline water;(b) compressing the at least one refrigerant to generate a partially liquefied, chilled refrigerant stream;(c) expanding the refrigerant stream through an expansion device;(d) injecting the saline water into a freezing chamber in the form of water droplets, wherein said saline water droplets have an initial diameter (di) of less than about 1 millimeter (mm);(e) contacting the saline water droplets with the expanded refrigerant stream in the freezing chamber at a slip injection velocity relative to the refrigerant stream injection velocity of about 10% to about 180% and for a residence time of about 100 to 300 milliseconds (ms), thereby freezing the water droplets to form ice particles comprising no or essentially no salt;(f) removing and storing the salt crystals and the ice particles in two different collectors;(g) delivering the ice particles to an ice melter; and(h) withdrawing pure water from the ice inciter, wherein the expansion device in (c) and the freezing chamber in (d) comprise one and the same vessel and the vessel is a multi-stage turbo expander and (c)-(e) are carried out substantially simultaneously in said turbo expander. 17. The process of claim 16, wherein the water droplets are introduced into the freezing chamber at a slip velocity relative to the refrigerant stream that is sufficient to generate saline water droplets with a reduced diameter (dr) in the range of about 10 microns (μ) to about 50 microns (μ) and further characterized by one of the following: (a) wherein flow of the saline water droplet stream through the chamber is cross-current to flow therethrough of the refrigerant stream; or (b) wherein flow of the saline water droplet stream in the chamber is parallel to and in substantially the same direction as the flow therethrough of the refrigerant stream. 18. The process of claim 16, wherein said refrigerant is selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbon, ammonia, chlorine-containing carbon compounds, and fluorine-containing carbon compounds, and the ice melter is a condenser that melts the ice particles by indirect heat exchange between the refrigerant stream and the ice particles to produce pure water and the partially liquefied, chilled refrigerant stream of (b). 19. The process of claim 16, wherein said refrigerant is air.
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이 특허에 인용된 특허 (15)
Mangin,Etienne Marie Luc, Combined power generation and desalinization apparatus and related method.
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