Device structures are provided that include one or more plasmonic OLEDs and zero or more non-plasmonic OLEDs. Each plasmonic OLED includes an enhancement layer that includes a plasmonic material which exhibits surface plasmon resonance that non-radiatively couples to an organic emissive material and
Device structures are provided that include one or more plasmonic OLEDs and zero or more non-plasmonic OLEDs. Each plasmonic OLED includes an enhancement layer that includes a plasmonic material which exhibits surface plasmon resonance that non-radiatively couples to an organic emissive material and transfers excited state energy from the emissive material to a non-radiative mode of surface plasmon polaritons in the plasmonic OLED.
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1. A device comprising: a first plasmonic organic light emitting diode (OLED) stack, the first plasmonic OLED stack comprising: a first electrode;a first charge generation layer; anda first organic emissive layer disposed between the first electrode and the first charge generation layer and within a
1. A device comprising: a first plasmonic organic light emitting diode (OLED) stack, the first plasmonic OLED stack comprising: a first electrode;a first charge generation layer; anda first organic emissive layer disposed between the first electrode and the first charge generation layer and within a threshold distance of the first electrode, the first organic emissive layer comprising a first organic emissive material, wherein the threshold distance is the distance at which a total non-radiative decay rate constant of the first organic emissive material is equal to a total radiative decay rate constant of the first organic emissive material; anda second plasmonic OLED stack, disposed in a stack with the first plasmonic OLED stack, the second plasmonic OLED stack comprising: the first charge generation layer;a second charge generation layer; anda second organic emissive layer comprising a second organic emissive material, disposed between the first charge generation layer and the second charge generation layer and within a threshold distance of the first charge generation layer or the second charge generation layer, wherein the threshold distance is the distance at which a total non-radiative decay rate constant of the second organic emissive material is equal to a total radiative decay rate constant of the second organic emissive material;anda first non-plasmonic OLED stack disposed in a stack with the first and second plasmonic OLED stacks, the first non-plasmonic OLED stack comprising:the second charge generation layer;a second electrode; anda third organic emissive layer disposed between the second charge generation layer and the second electrode;wherein: the first non-plasmonic OLED is disposed over the second electrode,the second plasmonic OLED is disposed over the first non-plasmonic OLED, andthe first plasmonic OLED is disposed over the second plasmonic OLED. 2. The device of claim 1, further comprising a down-conversion layer disposed in a stack with the first and second plasmonic OLEDs. 3. The device of claim 1, further comprising an outcoupling layer disposed in a stack with the first electrode and the second electrode. 4. The device of claim 3, wherein the outcoupling layer comprises a structure selected from the group consisting of: a grating; a corrugated layer; a nanopatch antenna; a nanoparticle outcoupling structure; and a through-hole array. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first organic emissive layer and the second organic emissive layer comprises a plurality of emissive materials. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the first organic emissive material or the second organic emissive material comprises a blue emissive material. 7. The device of claim 1, further comprising at least one color filter disposed in a stack with the first and second plasmonic OLEDs. 8. The device of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of color filters, each being of a different color. 9. The device of claim 1, wherein the first plasmonic OLED is disposed over the second plasmonic OLED. 10. The device of claim 1, further comprising a substrate; wherein the first and second plasmonic OLEDs are disposed over a first side of the substrate. 11. The device of claim 1, further comprising a radiation pattern modifying element disposed in a stack with the first plasmonic OLED. 12. The device of claim 11, wherein the device comprises a plurality of sub-pixels, and different types of radiation pattern modifying elements are disposed over different colors of sub-pixels. 13. The device of claim 10, further comprising at least one component selected from the group consisting of: a color filter, a down conversion layer, an up conversion layer, and a radiation pattern modifying element, wherein the at least one component is disposed on an opposite side of the substrate from the OLED stacks. 14. The device of claim 1, wherein the first organic emissive layer comprises a phosphorescent emissive material, a fluorescent emissive material, or a thermally-activated delayed fluorescent (TAD) material. 15. The device of claim 1, wherein the second organic emissive layer comprises a phosphorescent emissive material, a fluorescent emissive material, or a thermally-activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) material. 16. A device comprising: a first plasmonic organic light emitting diode (OLED) stack, the first plasmonic OLED stack comprising: a first electrode;a first charge generation layer; anda first organic emissive layer disposed between the first electrode and the first charge generation layer and within a threshold distance of the first electrode, the first organic emissive layer comprising a first organic emissive material, wherein the threshold distance is the distance at which a total non-radiative decay rate constant of the first organic emissive material is equal to a total radiative decay rate constant of the first organic emissive material; anda second plasmonic OLED stack, disposed in a stack with the first plasmonic OLED stack, the second plasmonic OLED stack comprising: the first charge generation layer;a second charge generation layer; anda second organic emissive layer comprising a second organic emissive material, disposed between the first charge generation layer and the second charge generation layer and within a threshold distance of the first charge generation layer, wherein the threshold distance is the distance at which a total non-radiative decay rate constant of the second organic emissive material is equal to a total radiative decay rate constant of the second organic emissive material;anda first non-plasmonic OLED stack disposed in a stack with the first and second plasmonic OLED stacks, the first non-plasmonic OLED stack comprising:the second charge generation layer;a second electrode; anda third organic emissive layer disposed between the second charge generation layer and the second electrode;wherein the first non-plasmonic OLED is disposed between the first and second plasmonic OLEDs.
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