The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for generating nanobubbles of a gas in a liquid, the apparatus including: (a) an outer tube; (b) a porous inner tube coaxially located within the outer tube that is at least partially occluded so as to define one or more liquid flow paths through the in
The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for generating nanobubbles of a gas in a liquid, the apparatus including: (a) an outer tube; (b) a porous inner tube coaxially located within the outer tube that is at least partially occluded so as to define one or more liquid flow paths through the inner tube; (c) a pair of end assemblies attached to respective first and second ends of the outer tube, each end assembly having an opening in fluid communication with the one or more liquid flow paths so as to allow a flow of liquid in an axial direction through the apparatus; and, (d) a gas inlet for allowing a flow of gas into a chamber formed between the outer and inner tube, the flow of gas permitted to permeate through the porous inner tube into the one or more liquid flow paths, wherein, as the gas permeates through the porous inner tube, nanobubbles of gas are generated which become entrained in the liquid flow.
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1. Apparatus for generating nanobubbles of a gas in a liquid, the apparatus including: a) an outer tube;b) a plurality of internal sub-assemblies housed within the outer tube and arranged to extend axially therein, each sub-assembly including: i) a porous tube;ii) a centre rod coaxially located with
1. Apparatus for generating nanobubbles of a gas in a liquid, the apparatus including: a) an outer tube;b) a plurality of internal sub-assemblies housed within the outer tube and arranged to extend axially therein, each sub-assembly including: i) a porous tube;ii) a centre rod coaxially located within the porous tube so as to define an annular liquid flow path through the porous tube;iii) a supporting element at each end of the porous tube, each supporting element configured to receive an end of the porous tube;c) a pair of end plates disposed proximate opposing ends of the outer tube, the end plates mounted to the respective supporting elements of each sub-assembly and each end plate having openings that in use allow passage of liquid to and from the respective liquid flow paths of the porous tubes of each sub-assembly;d) a pair of end fittings attached to the respective ends of the outer tube so as to cover the end plates and sub-assemblies, each end fitting having an opening in fluid communication with the liquid flow path of each sub-assembly via the openings in a respective end plate so as to allow a flow of liquid in an axial direction through the apparatus; and,e) a gas inlet for allowing a flow of gas into a chamber formed between the outer tube and plurality of sub-assemblies, the flow of gas permitted to permeate through walls of the porous tube of each sub-assembly into the liquid flow paths,wherein, as the flow of gas permeates through the walls of each porous tube, nanobubbles of gas are generated which become entrained in the flow of liquid. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the end plates are coupled to the centre rods of each sub-assembly by mechanical fasteners which act to support the centre rods co-axially within the porous tubes. 3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the supporting elements include a flange and a ring projecting from the flange in which the end of the porous tube is located in abutment with an internal shoulder portion of the flange, the flange having a centre opening to allow passage of liquid from the liquid flow path of the porous tube. 4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the supporting element is a gas seal washer. 5. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein a seal ring is sleeved over the ring of the supporting element in abutment with the flange of the supporting element. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the openings in the end plates are annular. 7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the openings in the end plates associated with each porous tube are discontinuous. 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the end fittings are conical reducers. 9. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the nanobubbles of gas are generated at a gas-liquid interface proximate an inner surface of each porous tube. 10. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the gas inlet is provided in a wall of the outer tube. 11. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each porous tube has an average pore size of between about 40 to 200 nm. 12. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each porous tube is one of: a) a sintered metallic tube;b) a porous ceramic tube; and,c) a porous plastic tube. 13. Apparatus according to claim 12, wherein each porous tube is the sintered metallic tube, the sintered metallic tube being formed from a metal, the metal being one of: a) stainless steel;b) brass;c) bronze;d) aluminium; and,e) titanium. 14. Apparatus according to claim 12, wherein each porous tube is the porous ceramic tube, the porous ceramic tube being formed from a ceramic material, the ceramic material being one of: a) silicon carbide;b) alumina; and,c) titania. 15. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the outer tube is stainless steel. 16. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each centre rod is stainless steel. 17. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein liquid flow through the apparatus is bi-directional. 18. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein liquid flows through the apparatus without a substantial change in direction. 19. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the flow of liquid is a flow of water. 20. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the flow of gas is a flow of at least one of: a) ozone;b) oxygen;c) nitrogen;d) hydrogen; and,e) carbon dioxide.
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