초록 ▼

(1) 중금속 및 난분해성 폐수 정화 버섯균 개발(특허출원 98-29156∼8호, 98-39517∼8호, 5건)
- 시루뻔버섯: 독성의 6가크롬을 3가크롬으로 환원하여 무독화 $\divideontimes$크롬폐수 60%이상 제거
- 부후개떡버섯: 버섯 대사물인 수산과 중금속의 착염형성 $\divideontimes$구리, 카드뮴폐수 90%이상 제거
- 구름버섯 및 판막버섯: 발암성 유기염소화합물을 균대사에 의해 분해 $\divideontimes$펄프폐

(1) 중금속 및 난분해성 폐수 정화 버섯균 개발(특허출원 98-29156∼8호, 98-39517∼8호, 5건)
- 시루뻔버섯: 독성의 6가크롬을 3가크롬으로 환원하여 무독화 $\divideontimes$크롬폐수 60%이상 제거
- 부후개떡버섯: 버섯 대사물인 수산과 중금속의 착염형성 $\divideontimes$구리, 카드뮴폐수 90%이상 제거
- 구름버섯 및 판막버섯: 발암성 유기염소화합물을 균대사에 의해 분해 $\divideontimes$펄프폐액 95% 분해
(2) 폐수정화기술 개발
- 폐수 정화 방법: 전자회로기관 공장폐수 1톤당 버섯균 배양톱밥 9kg투입하여 Airlift반응기로 100시간 처리하면 구리의 방류기준(0.5mg/L)이하로 정화됨
- 적용폐수: 도금공단폐수, 염료안료공장폐수, 폐광의 광미침출수 등
(3) 수피를 이용한 중금속 흡착 및 제거제 개발(특허출원)
- 흡착제: 소나무수피를 탄화시켜 활성화 $\divideontimes$카드뮴, 구리폐수 150mg/L이하에서는 100%제거
(4) 느타리버섯 폐배지이용 카드뮴제거(특허출원)
- 폐배지 40g으로 카드뮴50ppm 10ℓ 안정처리, 5회 반복까지 97%의 카드뮴 제거
(5) 은행나무 낙엽을 이용한 크롬제거(특허출원 98-54824호): 낙엽 45g으로 크롬폐액 13ℓ처리

Abstract ▼

This research was purposed for finding out the environmental purification capability of forest resources, and reducing the water pollution caused by heavy metals and recalcitrants by forest resources. Several groups including Universities of Kangwon, Korea, and Chungbuk were co-operated with researc

This research was purposed for finding out the environmental purification capability of forest resources, and reducing the water pollution caused by heavy metals and recalcitrants by forest resources. Several groups including Universities of Kangwon, Korea, and Chungbuk were co-operated with researchers of Forest Research Institute since 1995. This High Technology Development Project was funded by Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. The followings were the detailed data and results obtained from each group.
Some wood rot fungi were screened and developed for removal of heavy metals such as chromium, arsenate, copper and cadmium, and degrading pentachlorophenol (PCP) and trichloroguaiacol (TCG). And these fungi and treatment technology were now proceeding for patent.
Inonotus cuticularis had an ability for reducing toxic hexavalent chromium to non-toxic trivalent chromium, and approximately 60% of chromium in the concentration of 2,000mg/L could be removed by this fungi. In addition, this fungi could also transform inorganic arsenate to organic arsenate with 100% transformation rate in the concentration of 500 mg/L.
Tyromyces palustris was specified for adsorbing cadmium in its mycelia, and could uptake 70% of cadmium in the concentration of 200mg/L, and this treatment technology by using this fungi was now proceeding for patent (Patent Proceeding No. 98-39518). This fungi could also secrete oxalic acid during metabolism, the secreted oxalic acid was reacted with copper, forming copper oxalate. The removal of copper in the culture system was approximately 98% in the concentration of 2,000mg/L, and this treatment technics for removing copper in waste water was now proceeding for patent (Patent Proceeding No. 98-29156).
Phanerochaete chrysosporium had an ability for degradaing PCP in the concentration of less than 500mg/L. At initial stage, 6 to 10% of PCP was physically adsorbed in mycelia, and finally degraded completely during metabolism with 100% removal rate within 21 days incubation (Patent Proceeding No. 98-39517). In addition, TCG was produced during bleaching process in pulping of wood, and considered as toxic and mutagenic compounds. TCG could be degraded by Trametes verscolor with 90% removal rate in the concentration of 100mg/L (Patent Proceeding No. 98-29158). Another fungi which could degrade PCP and trichlorophenol (TCP) were CB-20, and Rhizoctonia praticalor with 87% of PCP removal rate, 70% of TCP removal rate, and 70% of decolorizing rate, respectively.
Adsorption of hexavalent chromium was carried completely out by using madienhair tree leaves (Patent Proceeding No. 98-54824), and the maximum chromium adsorption capacity was 30mg chromium per gram leaves. Additionally the mixture of sodium alginate 1% with madienhair tree leaves 10mg/L could remove 94% of chromium in the airlift reactor during 450min. contact time.
Waste solid medium of Pleurotus ostreatus also had a specific adsorption capability of cadmium with maximum capacity of 45mg per gram waste solid medium, and waste cotton medium also similar capability of cadmium adsorption.
Barks of pine species were able to adsorb copper, zinc, and lead with maximum capacities of 50mg/g, 41mg/g, and 45mg/g, respectively. With the addition of light metals such as calcium and magnesium, the adsorption of heavy metals was gradually increased by 20% in copper and cadmium, by 10% in zinc, and by 95% in lead. And, the stabilizing technics with phosphate treatment of pine barks made an improvement with 80% increase of adsorption in copper and zinc. In addition when pine barks were activated at 900℃, the adsorption of cadmium and copper was significantly increased with maximum removal rate 100% in the concentration of 150mg/L. The addition of sulfur to these activated pine barks caused an increase of adsorption by 100%. This treatment technics which showed a high adsorption capacity of heavy metals had a potential for applying in high water purification system in the future.
In order to use these developed technics directly in situ, the Maze tank system which was considered as the most suitable one for in situ, was made and applied for removing zinc effluents from the mineral dreg sedimentary waste water at Hwasung, Kyunggido. The filled-up materials in Maze tank system were waste medium, barks, and activated carbons, that were preliminary approved in lab scale system. This system showed that the zinc was completely removed during 24 hours with the satisfaction of Pure Area Effluent Limit Standard for Zinc (5mg/L). This system which did not need electricity, and was appropriately able to be controlled in total capacity had several advantages or merits for using in situ. However, there was a disadvantage such as BOD increase in treated effluents due to the use of forest bio-materials containing a lot of organics. This could be solved by lengthening the flow period and contacting time of system and effluents.
For the purpose of heavy metals treatment from industrial waste effluents, the plating effluents from Incheon Namdong area were used for applying the developed technics in the airlift reactor with immobilized beads of Inonotus cuticularis. And the waste effluent containing 444mg/L of chromium, 5.2mg/L of cadmium and 17.2mg/L of lead could be purified to 50mg/L, 0, and 0 after 150 hours treatment, respectively. Currently, the cost for treating heavy metals in waste water was 14,000won per ton, but if this developed system was adapted, the treatment cost would be 10,400won per ton.
In another treatment experiment of industrial waste effluents, the copper containing effluents were treated in the airlift reactor by immobilized beads and sawdust of Tyromyces palustris. After 100 hours contact time, the copper concentration was reduced form 78mg/L to 0.5mg/L, the manganese from 7.7mg/L to 0, and the aluminium from 2.1mg/L to 0. The current cost by chemical treatment for removing heavy metals was 4,000won per ton, but this cost could be reduced to 1,000won per ton by using immobilized beads. These technics using bio-materials had an ability for treating heavy metals, of which the concentration range was under chemical reaction limit, and there was no more pollution in the environment after treatment. However, this developed technics needed longer contacting time, larger treatment area, and more excess production of sludge.
Therefore, the future research should be followed for developing the continuous lab scale system to pilot scale one, and safe re-treatment or re-utiliztion of heavy metals adsorbed sludge. Additionally, the field application experiment has to be performed in the nearest future with co-operation between researchers and corporation.

목차 Contents

• 제1장 서론...32
• 제2장 수피 및 목질계 담체에 의한 중금속 흡착...36
• 제3장 산림부식질을 이용한 난분해성물질 및 중금속 제거 기술 개발...71
• 제4장 버섯균을 이용한 중금속 제거...121
• 제5장 담자균 및 Laccase 효소를 이용한 페놀성 오염물질 제어 및 탈색처리...154
• 제6장 폐목질자원 및 산림미생물을 이용한 환경정화 시스템개발...169
• 제7장 수질정화 실연 및 보급...211
• 제8장 결론...233