초록 ▼

파속 작물내에는 국화과 작물의 생육에는 억제적으로, 화본과 작물의 생육에는 촉진적으로 작용하는 활성물질과 병해를 억제시키는 활성을 가진 물질이 내재되어 있음이 예비실험을 통해 확인되어, 이를 좀 더 구체적으로 구명하고자하는 본 연구는 첫째 대파와 국화과 식물간의 타감현상과 원인물질 구명, 둘째 파속 식물의 활성 물질이 벼의 생육에 미치는 영향 및 대파내 벼 생육 촉진물질의 동정, 셋째 대파와 구근 초화류간의 혼식 재배에 의한 구근류의 연작장해 극복 순으로 실시하였다.
1. 菊花科植物과 대파 間의 他感現象과 原因物質究明
가

파속 작물내에는 국화과 작물의 생육에는 억제적으로, 화본과 작물의 생육에는 촉진적으로 작용하는 활성물질과 병해를 억제시키는 활성을 가진 물질이 내재되어 있음이 예비실험을 통해 확인되어, 이를 좀 더 구체적으로 구명하고자하는 본 연구는 첫째 대파와 국화과 식물간의 타감현상과 원인물질 구명, 둘째 파속 식물의 활성 물질이 벼의 생육에 미치는 영향 및 대파내 벼 생육 촉진물질의 동정, 셋째 대파와 구근 초화류간의 혼식 재배에 의한 구근류의 연작장해 극복 순으로 실시하였다.
1. 菊花科植物과 대파 間의 他感現象과 原因物質究明
가. 菊花와 대파間의 他感現象檢定
1) 菊花와 대파의 混植栽培
2) 대파 後作으로 菊花栽培時菊花의 생육에 미치는 影響
나. 대파 粗抽出物의 生理活性調査
1) 根및 莖葉粗抽出物이 菊花科작물의 幼苗生育에 미치는 影響
2) 莖葉採取時期에 따른 活性物質의 比較
3) 根分泌物이 菊花科作物의 생육에 미치는 影響
다. 生理活性物質의 同定
1) 根및 莖葉內의 抑制物質同定
2) 根分泌物內의 他感物質分析
라. Vanillic acid의 生理活性檢定
1) 菊花의 幼苗生長에 미치는 影響
2) 상추 體內의 GA 類似物質의 活性에 미치는 影響
3) 菊花의 생육에 미치는 影響
2. 파屬植物의 活性物質이 벼의 生育에 미치는 影響
가. 파屬植物內의 活性物質이 벼 幼苗生長에 미치는 影響
1) 粗抽出物이 벼의 幼苗生長에 미치는 影響
2) 파屬植物內의 促進物質의 活性調査
나. 대파內의 벼 生長促進物質의 生理活性檢定
1) 生長stage에 따른 活性差異
2) 抽出溶媒에 따른 活性差異
3) 벼 生長促進物質의 分離및 同正
다. 파屬식물의 莖葉施用이 벼의 生長및 收量構成要素에 미치는 影響
1) 莖葉의 施用量, 施用時期및 移秧時期의 效果
가) 포트 栽培에 의한 檢定
나) 포장 栽培에 의한 檢定
2) 莖葉과 肥料의 混用施用效果
3. 대파와 球根草花類間의 混植栽培에 의한 球根類의 連作障害克服

Abstract ▼

1. Allelopathy between Compositae Plants and Allium fistulosum and Identification of the Cause Substances.
Summer chrysanthemum plants showed growth reduction and wilting to death as grown in the field where welsh onion (Allium fistulosum) plants had been cultivated before. So, this study aimed t

1. Allelopathy between Compositae Plants and Allium fistulosum and Identification of the Cause Substances.
Summer chrysanthemum plants showed growth reduction and wilting to death as grown in the field where welsh onion (Allium fistulosum) plants had been cultivated before. So, this study aimed to determine an allelopathic effect of welsh onion over chrysanthemum through the experiments such as effect of mixplanting of welsh onion and chrysanthemum, post effect of the soil in which welsh onion cultivated, bioassay of physiological activity of the crude extract of welsh onion, and identification of a substance in leaves and roots or root exudates of welsh onion causing the allelopathic effect.
The mixplanting of welsh onion and chrysanthemum revealed inhibitory effects, which induced by welsh onion, of the welsh onion on the growth of the compositae crops. The inhibitory effect was great in high planting density of welsh onion while density of Compositae crop was not influenced to growth of welsh onion.
When chrysanthemum was cultivated in the substrate in which welsh onion was cultivated for 65 days, growth of chrysanthemum gradually decreased, as welsh onion density per pot became higher, but floral bud initiation, days to flowering and lateral shoot elongation were hastened.
Crude extracts of welsh onion inhibited growth of roots and hypocotyls of aster, chrysanthemum and lettuce in spite of low concentration. The degree of growth reduction caused by addition of the extracts also increased as concentration of the crude substances was increased. The root extracts influenced to growth reduction more greatly than that of stem and leaf did. The inhibitory effect of the extracts on the growth of the compositae crops varied by growth stages of the welsh onion. The dormant-stage plants were more sensitive to the addition of the extracts than growing-stage plants. Winter dormant period showed higher sensitivity to the extracts than summer dormant period. Allelopathic effect on growth of Compositae crops was not significantly different between dry and fresh material of welsh onion.
Inhibitory substances, which was synthesized and released in and or from root, stem and leaf of welsh onion, was identified as vanillic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid) and β-sitosterol (22,23-dihydrostigmasterol). Vanillic acid of 25ppm inhibited elongation of radicle and hypocotyl in lettuce and chrysanthemum, and as its concentration became high, inhibitory effect was accelerated, such activity of vanillic acid was much stronger than β-sitosterol. By GA-like substance activity test, it was found that inhibitory activity in radicle and hypocotyl of lettuce was shown higher in vanillic acid treatment plot than in control, and that early growth and plant height of chrysanthemum were inhibited at pot culture by spray and drench of vanillic acid.
In conclusion, the results showed that allelopathic effect of welsh onion versus chrysanthemum could appeared owing to the existence of vanillic acid and β-sitosterol in root and stem-leaf of welsh onion, suggesting that the cultivation of the compositae crops in the field used for welsh onion before should avoid.
2. Effect of Biologically active Substances of Allium spp. on Growth of rice.
The crude extracts extracted from stem and root of Allium spp. promoted conspicuously the root growth of rice seedlings, in bioassay with rice seed. Promotive activity of crude extracts of Allium spp. on growth of rice seedlings were different with cultivas of rice, the activity was higher 'Dongjin' and 'Milyang 153' than 'Ilpum'. These promotive activity were higher in water extracts for 30 days than in acetone or methanol extracts. If the promotive activity was compared with Allium spp. activity of extracts extracted from welsh onion and garlic was higher than those of onion and chinese chives
In order to purify allelopathic chemicals from Welsh onion(Allium fistulosum), underground part of the plant was fractionated according to Ring and Selevendran's method. Among them, 80% EtOH insoluble fraction of hot water extract showed the highest growth-promoting effect on Oryza sativa L.
Subsequent purification with DEAE-cellulose afforded four fractions, namely non-binding (AD-1 and 2), weakly binding (AD-3), and strongly binding (AD-4) fraction. AD-3 promoted about 120% of root and 50% of plant growth at 1,000 ppm. Seventy two percent of AD-3 was a carbohydrate and the other was ethylacetate soluble material. GC analysis of neutral sugar composition revealed that galactose(50.24%), mannose(17.88%), arabinose(10.35%), rhamnose (8.82%), glucose(7.15), xylose(5.56%).
About 3% of total carbohydrate was a uronic acid which was identified as galacturonic acid by GC analysis. The major component of ethylacetate soluble fraction was identified as saturated unbranched C16∼C20 alcohol by spectral analysis including NMR and MS. Because of their extraordinary low solubility on any commercial NMR solvents, the linkage type between carbohydrate and alcohol remained unclear.
Effect of period and application amounts of stem-leaf of Allium spp. on growth and yield components of rice was as follow.
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of application times and amounts of stem and leaf of onion and garlic on growth and yield components of rice in pot and paddy soil cultivation.
The effective tiller number was increased when stem and leaf was applied on 10th June treatment compared to 25th June treatment. In addition, tiller number was higher when applying stem and leaf at 10 days before transplanting than that of the day of transplanting. An effective tiller number was increased when stem-leaf of 700g or more of onion and stem-leaf of garlic were applied about 300-50g compared to standard fertilization. In addition, stem and leaf application of Allium spp. was showed in increasement of plant height, grain number per panicle and grain weight. The chlorophyll content in flag leaf was remarkably increased by increasing stem and leaf application.
In application plot of garlic, growth of flag leaf promoted compared to those of welsh onion and onion.
The 1,000 grains weight was decreased in plot of stem-leaf application of Allium spp compared to standard fertilization, but when fertilizer combined 1:2:1 of proportion rate of N:P:K was applied in pot, the decrement of weight was reduced.
In culture of paddy soil, the yield was increased in plots of stem-leaf application of welsh onion, onion and garlic over 40%, 30%, 50%, compared to standard fertilization, respectively. Also, the yield was higher when applying stem and leaf at 10 days before transplanting than that of the day of transplanting.
3. Effect of disease tolerance
Recently, the yield amounts of cut flower of lily and gladiolus remarkedly was increased. Because cultivation of these crops were conducted in protected cultivation, injury of disease increased and appeared a declination of quality and reduction of yield.
In sequential cropping area of bulb, welsh onion planted at range of 60cm, 40cm and 20cm respectively, and lily and gladiolus planted among the space respectively.

The results of mixing planting of lily, gladiolus and welsh onion were reduced symptom of Fusarium of lily about 70-80% and pseudomonas of gladiolus about 60%, respectively.

목차 Contents

• 표지...1
• 제출문...3
• 요약문...4
• SUMMARY...11
• 목차...20
• 제 1장 서론...23
• 제2장 菊花科植物과 대파間의 他感現象과 原因物質究明...25
• 제1절 서설...25
• 제2절 재료 및 방법...27
• 1. 菊花와 대파의 他感現象檢定...27
• 가. 菊花와 대파의 混植栽培...27
• 나. 대파 後作菊花栽培...27
• 2. 粗抽出物의 生理活性 檢定...28
• 가. 根 및 莖葉 粗抽出物의 生理活性 調査...28
• 나. 莖葉採取時期에 따른 抑制活性의 比較...28
• 다. 根 分泌物의 生理活性 調査...29
• 3. 生理活性 物質 同定...30
• 가. 根 및 莖葉內의 抑制物質 同定...30
• 나. 根 分泌物內의 抑制物質 分析...34
• 4. 同定物質의 生理活性 檢定...35
• 가. 菊花 幼苗生育...35
• 나. 상추 體內의 GA 類似物質의 活性...35
• 다. 菊花의 生育...37
• 제3절 결과 및 고찰...37
• 1. 菊花와 대파間의 他感現象 檢定...37
• 가. 菊花와 대파의 混植栽培...37
• 나. 대파 後作으로 菊花栽培時菊花의 생육에 미치는 影響...41
• 2. 대파 粗抽出物의 生理活性 調査...48
• 가. 根 및 莖葉 粗抽出物이 菊花科 작물의 幼苗生育에 미치는 影響...48
• 나. 莖葉 採取 時期에 따른 活性物質의 比較...50
• 다. 根 分泌物이 菊花科 作物의 생육에 미치는 影響...51
• 3. 生理活性 物質의 同定...53
• 가. 根 및 莖葉內의 抑制物質 同定...53
• 나. 根 分泌物內의 他感物質 分析...64
• 4. Vanillic acid의 生理活性 檢定...67
• 가. 菊花의 幼苗生長에 미치는 影響...67
• 나. 상추 體內의 GA 類似物質의 活性에 미치는 影響...70
• 다. 菊花의 생육에 미치는 影響...72
• 제4절 고찰...77
• 제5절 참고문헌...79
• 제3장 파속 식물의 활성물질이 벼의 생육에 미치는 영향...89
• 제1절 서설...89
• 제 2절 材料 및 方法...90
• 1. 파屬 植物內의 活性物質이 벼의 幼苗生長에 미치는 影響...90
• 2. 대파 內의 벼 生長促進物質의 生理活性 檢定...90
• 가. 生長 stage에 따른 活性 差異...91
• 나. 抽出溶媒에 따른 活性 差異...91
• 다. 대파로부터 벼 생육 촉진물질의 분류 및 동정...91
• 3. 파屬 식물의 莖葉 施用이 벼의 生長 및 收量構成要素에 미치는 影響...101
• 가. 莖葉 施用量, 施用時期 및 移秧時期에 따른 效果...101
• 1) 포트 栽培에 의한 莖葉 施用 效果...101
• 2) 포장 栽培에 의한 莖葉 施用 效果...103
• 나. 莖葉과 肥料의 混用 施用 效果...103
• 제3절 결과 및 고찰...105
• 1. 파屬 植物內의 活性物質이 벼 幼苗 生長에 미치는 影響...105
• 2. 대파내의 벼 生長促進物質의 生理活性 檢定...110
• 가. 生長 stage에 따른 活性 差異...110
• 나. 抽出溶媒에 따른 活性 差異...112
• 다. 벼 生長 促進物質의 分離...114
• 1) 각 분획의 생물검정...114
• 2) 활성물질의 분획...119
• 3) 활성물질의 구조결정...126
• 3. 파屬 식물의 莖葉 施用이 벼의 生長 및 收量 構成要素에 미치는 影響...132
• 가. 莖葉의 施用量, 施用時期 및 移秧時期에 따른 效果...132
• 1) 포트 栽培에 있어 莖葉 施用 效果...132
• 2) 포장 栽培에 의한 莖葉 施用 效果...144
• 나. 莖葉과 肥料의 混用 施用 效果...152
• 제4절 참고문헌...165
• 제4장 대파와 구근초화류간의 혼식 재배에 의한 구근류의 연작장해 극복...170
• 제1절 서설...170
• 제2절 재료 및 방법...172
• 제3절 결과...173
• 제4절 참고문헌...177